Deck 5: Gender and Sexism

Question 1

The term transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) may include people who identify and describe themselves as

A) transsexuals.
B) genderqueers.
C) cross-dressers.
D) All of the above.

Answer 1

All of the above.

Question 2

Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with

A) schizotypal personality disorder.
B) depression.
C) sexual addiction.
D) autism.

Answer 2

depression.

Question 3

Enforcement of male-dominated norms is an example of

A) heterosexism.
B) homophobia.
C) sexism.
D) transphobia.

Answer 3

sexism.

Question 4

Traditional women's roles were challenged during which major event?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) The Stonewall Rebellion
D) The Civil War

Question 5

__________ occurs when women or men begin to believe systemically received negative messages about their own sex.

A) Sexism
B) Male privilege
C) Internalized sexism
D) Female privilege

Question 6

Sexism manifests as women internalize doubt in their own abilities through

A) the imposter phenomenon.
B) social consequences.
C) attribution bias.
D) social stressors.

Question 7

Male counselors tend to speak

A) more assertively with women but more tentatively with other men.
B) more assertively overall with men and women.
C) less assertively with women.
D) less assertively with other men.

Question 8

Female counselors tend to speak

A) more assertively with other women but more tentatively with men.
B) more assertively overall (with men and women).
C) less assertively with women.
D) more assertively with men.

Question 9

In terms of race and gender, same-race and same-gender dyads

A) allow for the client and counselor to more quickly establish rapport.
B) guarantee better treatment outcomes.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 10

According to government statistics, women are

A) less likely than men to be depressed.
B) twice as likely as men to be depressed.
C) five times more likely than men to be depressed.
D) as likely as men to be depressed.

Question 11

According to government statistics, girls are

A) less likely than boys to be depressed.
B) as likely as boys to be depressed.
C) seven times more likely than boys to be depressed.
D) twice as likely as boys to be depressed.

Question 12

Normative male alexithymia is

A) a physical syndrome that affects men in their twenties.
B) an inability to put feelings into words that results from a long socialization process in which boys are taught to suppress and deny their feelings of vulnerability.
C) a process in which men feel the need to compete with each other.
D) None of the above.

Question 13

Male gender role conflict (GRC)

A) relates to how men treat women.
B) constitutes the majority of referrals for counseling.
C) describes how gender role socialization can result in negative consequences for men who remain rigid in changing circumstances.
D) None of the above.

Question 14

Patterns of male gender role conflict include

A) success, power and competition.
B) conflicts between work and family relationships.
C) restricted emotionality.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

The term machismo refers to a cultural norm regarding gender in __________ culture.

A) Arab
B) Hispanic
C) African
D) None of the above

Question 16

It is considered more respectful to use _____ pronouns when referring to people who identify as genderqueer.

A) she/her
B) he/him
C) they/them
D) All of the above are respectful pronouns.

Question 17

Internalized sexism is

A) being a sexist only on the inside.
B) punishment for men who are sexist.
C) a manifestation of male privilege.
D) people who are born sexist.

Question 18

Incorporating a gender sensitive perspective is important for the counselor working with

A) men only.
B) women only.
C) children only.
D) all populations.

Question 19

Problems that we think of as typically male (e.g., difficulty with intimacy, workaholism, alcoholism, abusive behavior, rage) are often attempts to escape

A) depression.
B) anger.
C) sex.
D) anxiety.

Question 20

When counseling men, gender-sensitive counselors should engage in specific behaviors that

A) create empathy.
B) express feelings.
C) set specific goals early.
D) are sympathetic.

Question 21

Transgenerational focus refers to

A) the concept that greater understanding of individual men can be gained by revisiting their relationships with their fathers, grandfathers and other men in their family.
B) the tendency for men to act like their fathers and grandfathers and other men in their family.
C) the inability of men to focus on other perspectives outside of their fathers, grandfathers and other men in their family.
D) the concept that men are the focus of their fathers, grandfathers and the other men within their own family.

Question 22

_____ describes people who feel that the sex they were assigned at birth is in alignment with their identified gender.

A) Transgender
B) Gender conforming
C) Gender nonconforming
D) Cisgender

Question 23

TGNC stands for ______ and describes people whose gender identities and expressions do not fit into societal norms of sex assignment and the gender binary.

A) transgender and gender nonconforming
B) the gender neutral conforming
C) transgender and cisgender
D) All of the above

Question 24

______ is a system of oppression based on sex, gender identity, and gender expression.

A) Sexism
B) Male privilege
C) Genderism
D) Classism

Question 25

In addition to developing the awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions to address gender and sexism in the counseling process, which of the following factors may lead to more effective outcomes?

A) Client-counselor matching
B) Exploration of racial and cultural differences
C) Communication styles
D) All of the above

Question 26

A common stressor in women's lives is

A) negative media messages.
B) economic inequity.
C) multiple role overload.
D) All of the above.

Question 27

According to Earkas and Leaper (2015), girls become women through

A) oppositional behaviors.
B) learning to be independent.
C) relational activities.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

According to Earkas and Leaper (2015), boys become men through

A) learning to be tough and independent.
B) relational activities.
C) emotional expression.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

To emotionally relate to others, many men will use

A) shame-based responses.
B) denial.
C) minimization or silence.
D) All of the above.

Question 30

_______ is a term used to describe a theory of understanding how traditional gender role socialization can result in negative consequences for men who remain rigid in changing circumstances.

A) Male privilege
B) Sexism
C) Male gender role conflict
D) Classism

Question 31

The male GRC pattern of _______ describes the degree to which men are socialized to focus on high achievement personally and professionally.

A) success, power, and competition
B) conflict between work and family relationships
C) restricted emotionality
D) restricted affectionate behavior between men

Question 32

People who are ______ are those who have variations of reproductive or sexual anatomy that do not fit into the socially constructed definitions of male (XX) and female (XY).

A) cisgender
B) genderqueer
C) intersex
D) All of the above

Question 33

People who are TGNC experience

A) employment discrimination.
B) lack of healthcare access.
C) high rates of homelessness and poverty.
D) All of the above.

Question 34

The first wave of feminism as a social justice movement in the U.S. focused on

A) equality of the sexes.
B) suffrage and suffrage-related issues.
C) sexual harassment, domestic abuse, and the wage gap.
D) issues important to women of color and queer people.

Question 35

The second wave of feminism in the U.S.

A) expanded the focus on equal rights to reproductive rights for women.
B) focused on suffrage and suffrage-related issues.
C) focused on sexual harassment, domestic abuse, and the wage gap.
D) focused on issues important to women of color and queer people.

Question 36

______ families may endorse more matriarchal norms, with women's roles described as those of strength and resourcefulness.

A) Asian American
B) Hispanic/Latino American
C) African American
D) European American

Question 37

_____ is a term that describes the gender role expression of Latinas and refers to extreme femininity and subordination to males.

A) Machismo
B) Marianismo
C) Familismo
D) All of the above

Question 38

Judith Herman's (1992) Trauma and Recovery outlines three stages vital for women's recovery from sexual abuse. The first stage involves

A) making meaning of the trauma.
B) ensuring that survivors are safe from their abusers.
C) helping survivors reconnect with their sense of self.
D) All of the above.

Question 39

The imposter phenomenon was found to occur more frequently in _____, due to multiple roles and the expectation to fulfill each role perfectly.

A) women than men
B) men than women
C) collectivist cultures than individualistic cultures
D) individualistic cultures than collectivist cultures

Question 40

A recommended strategy for counselors to address sexism in counseling is

A) to identify strengths and resources of women clients who are cisgender and TGNC.
B) to help clients who are cisgender and TGNC identify external barriers that affect their development.
C) to teach self-empowerment skills to clients who are cisgender and TGNC.
D) All of the above are recommended strategies.

Question 41

An example of male privilege is

A) men having multiple sex partners without being labeled as promiscuous.
B) men being afraid to walk alone at night in a public place.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 42

By age ____, most children can identify "what boys do" versus "what girls do" as a demonstration of their understanding of personality characteristics and mannerisms socially assigned to each gender.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6

Question 43

Provide examples of how the counseling profession has responded to sexism?

Question 44

What are some of your own assumptions, values and biases regarding gender and where did they come from?

Question 45

As a result of reading the chapter on gender and sexism, how has your awareness of various client worldviews regarding gender and sexism changed or been enhanced? What are some areas you still may need to work on?

Question 46

Write down a list of all the various "types" of clients you may work with, in terms of gender and its intersections with race/ethnicity, spirituality, and social class. What are some culturally appropriate intervention strategies you might use when working with each type of client?

Question 47

Consider Erikson's (1968) fifth stage, identity versus confusion. What was your experience like during this stage, specifically related to your gender?

Question 48

How do you currently express your social sex role identity and does this differ from your childhood? What specific positive and negative memories do you have of messages you got from others about this (e.g., tomboy, princess)?

Question 49

Check out the APA Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Girls and Women. What are five ways you might practice advocacy with clients based on these guidelines?

Question 50

How does GRC limit men's ability to cope with transition and life's stressors?

Question 51

What factors influence treatment outcomes in counseling in reference to race and gender?

Question 52

What are some examples of internalized sexism in the world today? What might that look like in a client?

Question 53

Gender is biologically and socially determined. How do we construct gender in our society today? How would you address gender construction in a counseling session?

Question 54

How has the historical representation of gender influenced the construction of gender and gender norms in society today?

Question 55

Discuss covert or "modern" forms of sexism found in schools, families, workplaces, and careers.

Question 56

Identify and describe the four patterns of male gender role conflict (GRC).

Question 57

Discuss at least three of the mental health consequences of sexism addressed in the chapte.