Deck 9: Hypothesis Testing and Effect Size: One-Sample Designs

Question 1

The two opposing hypotheses in null hypothesis statistical testing are the null hypothesis and the derivative hypothesis.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The probability figure that is the conventional cut-off for null hypothesis statistical testing is .05.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If a difference is statistically significant, the null hypothesis was rejected.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The denominator of a t test is a difference between means.

Question 5

The symbol for an effect size index is e.

Question 6

An effect size index of .05 or greater is considered large.

Question 7

Values of d larger than 1.00 are not possible.

Question 8

Probabilities were calculated for sample means and sample correlation coefficients in Chapter 9.

Question 9

The two opposing hypotheses in null hypothesis statistical testing are the null hypothesis and the valid hypothesis.

Question 10

The probability figure that is the conventional cut-off for null hypothesis statistical testing is .95.

Question 11

If the null hypothesis is retained, the difference is not statistically significant.

Question 12

The numerator of a t test is a difference between means.

Question 13

The symbol for an effect size index is ? (rho).

Question 14

A small effect size index value is anything less than 1.00.

Question 15

Values of p larger than 1.00 are not possible.

Question 16

Probabilities were calculated for both sample means and sample standard deviations in Chapter 9.

Question 17

The two opposing hypotheses in null hypothesis statistical testing are the null hypothesis and the original hypothesis.

Question 18

If the null hypothesis is true, the probability figure produced by null hypothesis statistical testing is accurate.

Question 19

Critical values are in the rejection region of the t distribution.

Question 20

The denominator of a t test is a standard error of the mean.

Question 21

Rejecting a true null hypothesis is a Type II error.

Question 22

The symbol for an effect size index is p.

Question 23

A medium effect size index value is 0.50.

Question 24

The point that divides decisions about d is .05.

Question 25

Probabilities were calculated for both sample means and sample medians in Chapter 9.

Question 26

Data Set 9-1: Sample scores: 2, 3, 4

-The value of the standard error of the mean for the scores in Data Set 9-1 is

A) 1.000
B) 0.816
C) 0.707
D) 0.577
E) 0.333

Question 27

Data Set 9-1: Sample scores: 2, 3, 4

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-1 against H₀:µ = 1.00. The t value that results is

A) 6.00
B) 3.46
C) 2.00
D) 0.67

Question 28

Data Set 9-1: Sample scores: 2, 3, 4

-The t value when the scores in Data Set 9-1 are tested against H₀: µ = 1.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05 level for a one-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 29

Data Set 9-1: Sample scores: 2, 3, 4

-Refer to Data Set 9-1. For H₀: $\mu$ = 1.00, the effect size index is

A) 3.47
B) 2.00
C) 1.41
D) none of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 30

Data Set 9-1: Sample scores: 2, 3, 4

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-1 against H₀: $\mu$ = 4.00. The t value that results is

A) 1.00
B) 1.41
C) 1.73
D) 3.00

Question 31

Data Set 9-1: Sample scores: 2, 3, 4

-The t value when the scores in Data Set 9-1 are tested against H₀: $\mu$ = 4.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05 level for a one-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 32

Data Set 9-1: Sample scores: 2, 3, 4

-Refer to Data Set 9-1. For H₀: $\mu$ = 4.00, the effect size index is

A) 1.73
B) 1.00
C) 0.71

Question 33

Data Set 9-2: Scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

-The value of the standard error of the mean for the scores in Data Set 9-2 is

A) 1.581
B) 0.791
C) 0.707
D) 0.632
E) 0.316

Question 34

Data Set 9-2: Scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-2 against H₀: µ = 1.00. The t value that results is

A) 6.33
B) 3.17
C) 2.83
D) 1.27

Question 35

Data Set 9-2: Scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

-The t value you calculated when the scores in Data Set 9-2 were tested against H₀: µ = 1.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis should be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05, .01, and .001 level for a two-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 36

Data Set 9-2: Scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

-Refer to Data Set 9-2. For H₀: $\mu$ = 1.00, the effect size index is

A) 2.83
B) 1.27
C) 1.13

Question 37

Data Set 9-2: Scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-2 against H₀: $\mu$ = 4.00. The t value that results is

A) 3.17
B) 1.41
C) 1.26
D) 0.63

Question 38

Data Set 9-2: Scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

-The t value when the scores in Data Set 9-2 are tested against H₀: $\mu$ = 4.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis should be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05 level for a one-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 39

Data Set 9-2: Scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

-Refer to Data Set 9-2. For H₀: $\mu$ = 4.00, the effect size index is

A) 1.41
B) 0.63
C) 0.57
D) none of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 40

Data Set 9-3: N = 8 $\Sigma$ X = 48 $\Sigma$ X² = 351

-The value of the standard error of the mean for the scores in Data Set 9-3 is

A) 3.000
B) 0.375
C) 1.134
D) 0.992
E) 1.061

Question 41

Data Set 9-3: N = 8 $\Sigma$ X = 48 $\Sigma$ X² = 351

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-3 against H₀: $\mu$ = 2.00. The t value that results is

A) 10.67
B) 4.03
C) 3.53
D) 1.33
E) 3.77

Question 42

Data Set 9-3: N = 8 $\Sigma$ X = 48 $\Sigma$ X² = 351

-The t value you calculated when the scores in Data Set 9-3 were tested against H₀: $\mu$ = 2.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis should be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05, .01, and .001 level for a two-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 43

Data Set 9-3: N = 8 $\Sigma$ X = 48 $\Sigma$ X² = 351

-Refer to Data Set 9-3. For H₀: µ = 2.00, the effect size index is

A) 3.77
B) 1.33
C) 1.25
D) none of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 44

Data Set 9-3: N = 8 $\Sigma$ X = 48 $\Sigma$ X² = 351

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-3 against H₀: µ = 9.00. The t value that results is

A) 2.83
B) 3.02
C) 2.65
D) 8.00
E) 1.00

Question 45

Data Set 9-3: N = 8 $\Sigma$ X = 48 $\Sigma$ X² = 351

-The t value when the scores in Data Set 9-3 are tested against H₀: $\mu$ = 9.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05, .01, and .001 level for a one-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 46

Data Set 9-3: N = 8 $\Sigma$ X = 48 $\Sigma$ X² = 351

-Refer to Data Set 9-3. For H₀: µ = 9.00, the effect size index is

A) 2.83
B) 1.00
C) 0.94
D) none of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 47

Data Set 9-4: N = 6 $\Sigma$ X = 30 $\Sigma$ X² = 180

-The value of the standard error of the mean for the scores in Data Set 9-4 is

A) 1.000
B) 0.408
C) 1.095
D) 0.913
E) 2.449

Question 48

Data Set 9-4: N = 6 $\Sigma$ X = 30 $\Sigma$ X² = 180

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-4 against H₀: µ = 3.00. The t value that results is

A) 4.90
B) 2.19
C) 1.83
D) 0.82
E) 2.00

Question 49

Data Set 9-4: N = 6 $\Sigma$ X = 30 $\Sigma$ X² = 180

-The t value when the scores in Data Set 9-4 are tested against H₀: $\mu$ = 3.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05 level for a one-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 50

Data Set 9-4: N = 6 $\Sigma$ X = 30 $\Sigma$ X² = 180

-Refer to Data Set 9-4. For H₀: $\mu$ = 3.00, the effect size index is

A) 2.00
B) 0.82
C) 0.89
D) none of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 51

Data Set 9-4: N = 6 $\Sigma$ X = 30 $\Sigma$ X² = 180

-Test the scores in Data Set 9-4 against H₀:µ = 8.00. The t value that results is

A) 7.35
B) 3.29
C) 3.00
D) 2.74
E) 1.23

Question 52

Data Set 9-4: N = 6 $\Sigma$ X = 30 $\Sigma$ X² = 180

-The t value when the scores in Data Set 9-4 are tested against H₀: µ = 8.00 leads to the conclusion that the null hypothesis be

A) rejected at the .05 level for a two-tailed test
B) rejected at the .05 and .01 level for a two-tailed test
C) rejected at the .05, .01, and .001 level for a one-tailed test
D) retained.

Question 53

Data Set 9-4: N = 6 $\Sigma$ X = 30 $\Sigma$ X² = 180

-Refer to Data Set 9-4. For H₀: µ = 8.00, the effect size index is

A) 1.00
B) 0.41
C) 0.45
D) 1.22

Question 54

The statistical technique of null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) is designed to test a hypothesis about

A) a sample statistic
B) a population parameter
C) the t distribution
D) any sampling distribution.

Question 55

The null hypothesis is a hypothesis about

A) the sample
B) the population
C) the t distribution
D) a sampling distribution.

Question 56

A null hypothesis is a statement about

A) a population parameter
B) a sample statistic
C) the outcome of a t test
D) rejection or retention.

Question 57

A null hypothesis is a statement about

A) significance level
B) critical value
C) a statistic
D) a parameter.

Question 58

In null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST), the hypothesis that is tested is about a

A) sample
B) population
C) both sample and population
D) neither sample nor population.

Question 59

Which of the following captures the idea of null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) as used in your text?

A) Use sample data to tell you whether the sample came from a hypothesized population.
B) Use sample statistics to establish the specific value of a population parameter.
C) Use population data to confirm that the sample came from the population.
D) Show that population parameters correspond to sample statistics.

Question 60

Null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) uses ______________ data to tell whether the ____________came from a(n)______________ population.

A) population, sample, hypothesized
B) population, population, hypothesized
C) sample, sample, observed
D) sample, sample, hypothesized.

Question 61

The concept of using sample data to tell you whether the sample came from a hypothesized population is called

A) inferential statistics
B) descriptive statistics
C) null hypothesis statistical testing
D) analysis of effect sizes.

Question 62

Under which of the following conditions would you not use null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST)?

A) samples are not randomly chosen from the population
B) population data are available
C) sample sizes are less than 12
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 63

Using null hypothesis statistical testing, you can conclude that the null hypothesis is

A) probably true
B) probably false
C) both probably true and probably false are possible conclusions
D) neither probably true nor probably false are possible conclusions.

Question 64

The choice of an alternative hypothesis has an effect on

A) conclusions you may draw
B) $\alpha$ level
C) which null hypothesis you are testing
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 65

In an experiment similar to the Doritos example, the published claim was a mean of 200. Data were gathered from a population that had a mean of 200. On the basis of the sample data, H₀ was rejected. You can conclude that

A) a Type I error occurred
B) a Type II error occurred
C) a correct decision was made
D) more information is necessary before the question can be answered.

Question 66

Data were gathered, the results analyzed, and H₀ rejected. Based on the logic of hypothesis testing, you can conclude that

A) the probability associated with the t value was high
B) a Type II error may have occurred
C) the mean of the population from which the sample was drawn is probably not the mean specified by the null hypothesis
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 67

Data were gathered, the results analyzed, and H_l accepted. Based on the logic of hypothesis testing, you can conclude that

A) the probability associated with the t value was high
B) a Type I error may have occurred
C) the mean of the population from which the sample was drawn is likely the same as the mean specified by the null hypothesis
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 68

Data were gathered, the results analyzed, and H_l accepted. Based on the logic of hypothesis testing, you can conclude that

A) a Type I error was made
B) a Type II error was made
C) H₀ was retained
D) H₀ was rejected.

Question 69

If you analyze your data and fail to reject the null hypothesis, you should

A) reject H_l
B) adopt H_l
C) either reject H_l or adopt H_l depending on the $\alpha$ level
D) neither reject H_l nor adopt H_l.

Question 70

Which of the following is a null hypothesis?

A) µ $\neq$ 100
B) µ = 100
C) $\mu$ < 100
D) $\mu$ > 100.

Question 71

Which of the following is(are) null hypothesis(ses)?

A) µ = 100
B) $\mu$ $\neq$ 100
C) µ < 100 and µ > 100
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Question 72

Which of the following is an alternative hypothesis?

A) µ = 100
B) µ $\neq$ 100
C) both µ = 100 and µ $\neq$ 100
D) neither µ = 100 nor µ $\neq$ 100.

Question 73

Which of the following describes the sample of Doritos tortillas weights analyzed in your text?

A) carefully selected random sample
B) routinely selected random sample
C) poorly selected random sample
D) not a random sample.

Question 74

The t distribution, as a sampling distribution, gives the probability of events when

A) when the null hypothesis is true
B) when the null hypothesis is false
C) regardless of whether the null hypothesis is true or false
D) when the alternative hypothesis is not identified.

Question 75

The t distribution is a(n)________sampling distribution based on the assumption that the null hypothesis is___________

A) empirical, true
B) empirical, false
C) theoretical, true
D) theoretical, false.

Question 76

The t distribution is a sampling distribution based on the assumption that the hypothesis is,.

A) null, true
B) null, false
C) alternative, true
D) alternative, false.

Question 77

The probabilities you get from a t test based on the t distribution are correct when

A) the null hypothesis is true
B) the null hypothesis is false
C) the alternative hypothesis is true
D) the alternative hypothesis is false.

Question 78

The t distribution has a mean equal to

A) that specified by the null hypothesis
B) that specified by the alternative hypothesis
C) that of the sample
D) zero.

Question 79

A t test value that is larger than the tabled value of t

A) leads to rejection of the null hypothesis
B) has a probability less than $\alpha$ , if the null hypothesis is true
C) both of the descriptive alternatives are correct
D) neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct.

Question 80

A t test value that is smaller than the tabled value of t

A) leads to rejection of the null hypothesis
B) has a probability less than $\alpha$ , if the null hypothesis is true
C) both of the descriptive alternatives are correct
D) neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct.