Deck 2: Coordinate Systems

Question 1

Which of the following is the standard projection for online mapping?

A) Lambert conformal conic
B) Mercator
C) Equidistant conic
D) Web Mercator

Answer 1

Lambert conformal conic

Question 2

The secant case means that a cylindrical projection has _____ line(s) of tangency:

A) 3
B) 1
C) 2

Answer 2

2

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Meridians are lines for measuring location in the N-S direction, and parallels are lines for measuring location in the E-W direction.
B) Meridians are points for measuring location in the E-W direction, and parallels are points for measuring location in the N-S direction.
C) Meridians are points for measuring location in the N-S direction, and parallels are points for measuring location in the E-W direction.
D) Meridians are lines for measuring location in the E-W direction, and parallels are lines for measuring location in the N-S direction.

Answer 3

Meridians are lines for measuring location in the E-W direction, and parallels are lines for measuring location in the N-S direction.

Question 4

When converted from DMS to DD units, 46°30'00'' will read:

A) 46.7°
B) 46.5°
C) 46.3°
D) None of these is correct

Question 5

Which datum are GPS readings based on?

A) CORS96
B) NAD83
C) NAD27
D) WGS84

Question 6

What is Web Mercator?

Question 7

Describe how on-the-fly projection works.

Question 8

The Geographic Coordinate Data Base (GCDB) is a database based on the:

A) SPC (State Plane Coordinate) system
B) UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) Grid system
C) PLSS (Public Land Survey System)
D) None of these is correct

Question 9

A map projection transforms the geographic coordinates on an ellipsoid into locations on a plane.

Question 10

ArcGIS offers the following three methods for defining a coordinate system: select, import, or create a coordinate system. Explain the difference between select and import a coordinate system.

Question 11

When converted from NAD27 to NAD83, horizontal shifts of point positions in the conterminous United States can be as much as 100 meters (328 ft).

Question 12

Illustrate with a specific example the importance of map projection/coordinate system in GIS operations.

Question 13

Name the ellipsoids that are the basis for NAD27, NAD83, and GPS, respectively.

Question 14

All layers to be used together in a GIS operation must align spatially.

Question 15

Which of the following spheroids is ground-measured, rather than satellite-determined?

A) GRS80
B) WGS84
C) Clarke1866

Question 16

Which of the following coordinate systems is treated as a predefined coordinate system in ArcGIS?

A) STP (State Plane)
B) all of these are correct
C) Both UTM and STP
D) UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator)
E) IDTM (Idaho Transverse Mercator)

Question 17

The central meridian of a UTM zone has a scale factor of:

A) 1
B) None of these is correct
C) 0.9
D) 0.9996

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not true about a meridian with a scale factor of 1?

A) There is no projection distortion along the meridian.
B) None of these is correct
C) The meridian must be a standard meridian.
D) The meridian must be the line of 0^° longitude.

Question 19

A conformal projection preserves the property of:

A) relative size
B) local shapes
C) none of these is correct
D) distances

Question 20

The center of a map projection is determined by the:

A) standard parallel and central meridian
B) central parallel and central meridian
C) standard parallel and standard meridian
D) standard meridian and central parallel

Question 21

The two common map projections used for the SPC (State Plane Coordinate) system are:

A) transverse Mercator and Lambert conformal conic
B) transverse Mercator and Albers conic equal-area
C) Lambert conformal conic and Albers conic equal-area

Question 22

How does an ellipsoid differ from a sphere in approximating the shape and size of the Earth?

Question 23

What does it mean by "reprojection"?

Question 24

How can "datum shift" affect GIS work?

Question 25

Explain the difference between NAD83 and NAD83(HARN)

Question 26

What is a horizontal datum?

Question 27

Briefly explain how a UTM zone is defined in terms of its central meridian, standard meridian, and scale factor.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true about North American Datum (NAD)?

A) Maps based on NAD83 can register spatially with maps based on NAD27.
B) All of these are correct
C) Both NAD83 is newer and NAD83 is based on.
D) NAD83 is based on a satellite-determined spheroid.
E) NAD83 is a newer datum than NAD27.

Question 29

Which coordinate does a false easting apply to?

A) Y
B) X

Question 30

An X-shift of -500,000 means you add 500,000 to the original X coordinate value.

Question 31

List the four types of map projections by the preserved property.

Question 32

The longitude reading of a point in Oregon should be entered as a _______ value in a GIS package:

A) negative
B) positive

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Map projection and coordinate system are unrelated.
B) A map projection is based on a coordinate system.
C) A coordinate system is based on a map projection.