Question 1

Aging in place allows an older adult to maintain:&#10;A) Financial stability&#10;B) Social connectedness&#10;C) Physical function&#10;D) Cultural norms

Accepted Answer

The majority of people who opt to age in place do so to maintain connections to their families, their social networks, their health-care providers, and the systems integral to their lives and well-being. They also value their independence and their ability to manage their financial resources (University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, n.d.). Social connectedness with family and friends is important to a sense of well-being. As older adults age, their circle of friends often diminishes due to relocations and death. This constriction of relationships may lead to social isolation. Social isolation has negative impacts on an individual's physical and mental health, as well as quality of life (Landeiro, Barrows, Musson, Gray, & Leal, 2016; Nicholson, 2012). The reduction in social isolation is discussed throughout this chapter, particularly in the "Community Living Options for Older Adults" section, and should be a consideration for occupational therapy interventions.

Question 2

An alternative view of aging in place includes:&#10;A) Moving to a new dwelling that supports safe and accessible living&#10;B) Completing home modification&#10;C) Preventing falls&#10;D) Minimizing social isolation

Accepted Answer

The meaning of home is a relevant consideration in the decision-making process related to aging in place. Home has physical, cultural, and emotional meanings. Some older adults become attached to the familiar physical structure that they have lived in for years and often decades. People know where things are in their homes and, over time, have developed ways of adapting to the physical environment. Cultural and family norms (e.g., favored occupations, frequency of moving, size and proximity of extended family, celebratory gatherings) may influence the meaning of home (Fig 12-1). Emotional connections to home involve memories within the physical structure and surrounding community. Aging in place is often thought of as making the necessary modifications to the existing home environment to make it safe and comfortable for extended living (Fig. 12-1). An alternative view of this concept includes moving from the known home to a new dwelling that contains features to support long-term living in a safe and accessible home and community that captures as much of the meaning of home as possible (Beck, 2011).

Question 3

In which setting would the majority of older adults prefer to age?&#10;A) Assisted living facility&#10;B) Independent living community&#10;C) Own home&#10;D) Skilled nursing facility

Accepted Answer

The aging population is growing globally. This expansion is anticipated for people 60 years and older in decades to come, with a slower growth rate for older adults living on the African continent (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2017a, 2017b). People are living longer, and in the United States the majority would prefer remaining in their communities as opposed to within institutions (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD], 2013). In the United States, many older adults have an expanding number of community-based living options to support their desires to age in place.

Question 4

Home modifications can support:&#10;A) Community accessibility&#10;B) Social connectedness&#10;C) Financial stability&#10;D) Aging in place

Accepted Answer

The meaning of home is a relevant consideration in the decision-making process related to aging in place. Home has physical, cultural, and emotional meanings. Some older adults become attached to the familiar physical structure that they have lived in for years and often decades. People know where things are in their homes and, over time, have developed ways of adapting to the physical environment. Cultural and family norms (e.g., favored occupations, frequency of moving, size and proximity of extended family, celebratory gatherings) may influence the meaning of home (Fig 12-1). Emotional connections to home involve memories within the physical structure and surrounding community. Aging in place is often thought of as making the necessary modifications to the existing home environment to make it safe and comfortable for extended living (Fig. 12-1). An alternate view of this concept includes moving from the known home to a new dwelling that contains features to support long-term living in a safe and accessible home and community that captures as much of the meaning of home as possible (Beck, 2011).

Question 5

A type of living environment for older adults that allows them a home setting with some independence is called:&#10;A) A 55-plus community&#10;B) An assisted living facility&#10;C) Cohousing&#10;D) A continuous care retirement community

Accepted Answer

Assisted living residences provide a home and support services to meet the needs of residents who are unable to perform, or who need help within performing, the activities of daily living (Maryland Health Care Commission, n. d.). The residents are usually are unable to live alone, but have fewer health and personal needs than those living in nursing facilities. This option offers a more home-like setting that promotes independence. Assisted living facilities can be "board and care," "personal care" homes, or be part of a multilevel senior living community.

Question 6

One of your clients expresses concern to you about her mother's recent falls. She wants her mother to still live independently but have access to resources if needed. She asks what you recommend. For this situation, you recommend discussing options with her mother including the one that you think might be most appropriate, which is:

A) A 55-plus community
B) An assisted living facility
C) Cohousing
D) A continuous care retirement community

Accepted Answer

Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) offer a variety of housing options (e.g., individual homes, apartments, assisted living, and nursing homes) and health-care services. Social and recreational opportunities vary and are dependent on resources and resident interests. The resident pays an entrance fee, and their monthly charges depend on the resident's utilization of services (e.g., health-care services).

Question 7

An older adult living environment that offers wellness programming but no medical services is:&#10;A) An independent living community&#10;B) An assisted living facility&#10;C) Cohousing&#10;D) A continuous care retirement community

Accepted Answer

Independent living communities are designed for active, independent, healthy individuals over age 55 who are able to live alone or as couples. Grandchildren and relatives are allowed to visit for short stays in many of these communities. Housing options include houses, condominiums, townhouses, and mobile homes that can be owned, rented, or obtained as part of a cooperative. Benefits can include meals in a restaurant setting, housekeeping, transportation, and social activities. Wellness programs may be available, but typically, there are no medical care options.

Question 8

A community with environmental features that promote accessibility in housing, workplaces, community services, and public buildings is a(n):&#10;A) Independent living community&#10;B) Assisted living facility&#10;C) Livable community&#10;D) Continuous care retirement community

Accepted Answer

Some people seek, or naturally find themselves residing in, a livable community. These settings incorporate environmental features that promote accessibility in housing, workplaces, community services, and public buildings. Environmental adaptations make getting around the community by walking or biking easier, increasing the feasibility of enabling residents to become less dependent on cars. A livable community does not have age restrictions and is designed for all ages. A livable community is one that is safe and secure, has affordable and appropriate housing and transportation options, and offers supportive community features and services. Once in place, those resources enhance personal independence; allow residents to age in place; and foster residents' engagement in the community's civic, economic, and social life. (AARP [formerly the American Association of Retired Persons [AARP], 2017, para. 1).

Question 9

In aging in place, a critical factor in staying connected to the community is:&#10;A) Transportation&#10;B) Home modification&#10;C) A livable community&#10;D) Employment

Accepted Answer

When the decision is made to retire from driving, alternative options (e.g., public transportation) need to be found. If one is unable to drive to doctors' appointments, the grocery store, and social and other activities, the quality of living is jeopardized. "Seniors must have access to adequate transportation alternatives in order to successfully age in place" (AARP, n. d., p. 8).

Question 10

An example of community mobility and accessibility supported by the Americans with Disabilities Act is:&#10;A) Ridesharing&#10;B) Grocery delivery services&#10;C) Curb cuts&#10;D) Financial counseling

Accepted Answer

Curb cuts, or curb ramps, as mandated by Title III of the ADA and the United States Access Board, an independent agency of the U.S. government devoted to accessibility for people with disabilities, are required along accessible routes when changes in level are greater than one-half inch. They are designed with wheelchairs in mind, but individuals who ambulate in their community with walkers or canes and have difficulty stepping up or down also benefit from curb cuts in intersections or parking lots. People propelling strollers or shopping carts have also found curb cuts to be enormously helpful to their community mobility.

Question 11

A program that assists individuals aged 55-plus who are unemployed or have low income to find work is:&#10;A) Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP)&#10;B) Experience Corps&#10;C) AARP&#10;D) Senior Corps

Accepted Answer

The answer of A program that assists individuals aged 55-plus...

Question 12

A strategy for expanding health-care services to older adults who are homebound is:&#10;A) Urgent care&#10;B) Telehealth&#10;C) Home health care&#10;D) Respite services

Accepted Answer

The answer of A strategy for expanding health-care services to...

Question 13

An occupational therapist works with an interprofessional team to help coordinate discharge planning for older adults. The occupational therapist is working in the role of:&#10;A) Direct care provider&#10;B) Consultant&#10;C) Case manager&#10;D) Respite coordinator

Accepted Answer

The answer of An occupational therapist works with an interprofessional...

Question 14

A home safety assessment tool that consists of a card-sorting activity targeting 44 activities that are essential for aging in place is the:&#10;A) In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation (I-HOPE)&#10;B) Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation-Health Outcome Measurement and Evaluation&#10;C) Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST)&#10;D) Occupational Profile

Accepted Answer

The answer of A home safety assessment tool that consists...

Question 15

An occupational therapist visits Mr. Smith for a home health visit and notices the house is crowded with items and has many throw rugs. The OT is concerned Mr. Smith is at risk of falling due to hazards within the home environment. The home safety assessment the OT should use is the:

A) In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation (I-HOPE)
B) Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation-Health Outcome Measurement and Evaluation
C) Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST)
D) Occupational Profile

Accepted Answer

The answer of An occupational therapist visits Mr. Smith for...

Question 16

When valuing the perspective of &#34;home&#34; during a home safety evaluation, the open-ended question &#34;What do you most enjoy doing in your home?&#34; focuses on which need?&#10;A) Physical&#10;B) Social&#10;C) Temporal&#10;D) Occupational

Accepted Answer

The answer of When valuing the perspective of &#34;home&#34; during...

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common home modification for aging in place?&#10;A) Grab bars&#10;B) Lever handles on doors&#10;C) Stair lift&#10;D) Pull-out shelves

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the most...

Question 18

The development of environments and products in a way usable by all people, without the need for alteration, is known as:&#10;A) Home modification&#10;B) Universal design&#10;C) Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards&#10;D) Accessible and Usable Building and Facilities

Accepted Answer

The answer of The development of environments and products in...

Question 19

Grace is a 69-year-old widow who has stairs to enter her home. She would like to install a ramp but is concerned that her homeowners association (HOA) won't approve. As an occupational therapist, you help her draft a letter to her HOA to discuss and share her need for a ramp along with the kind and dimensions to help her get approval for the ramp. This is an example of:

A) Home modification
B) Advocacy
C) Universal design
D) Consultation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Grace is a 69-year-old widow who has...

Deck 12: Aging in Place and Home Modifications Introduction