Question 1

Learning may be defined as a ______ change in behavior that occurs as the result of experience.&#10;A)relatively permanent&#10;B)sensitization&#10;C)fixed&#10;D)continuous

Accepted Answer

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience, distinguishing it from temporary changes that might occur due to factors like fatigue or illness.

Question 2

Habituation involves learning about a _____.&#10;A)multiple stimuli&#10;B)single response&#10;C)single stimulus&#10;D)multiple response

Accepted Answer

Habituation involves learning to decrease or cease responses to a repeated stimulus over time, focusing on a single stimulus rather than multiple stimuli or responses.

Question 3

If the UCS is subsequently omitted, the CR will experience&#10;A)reinforcement&#10;B)extinction&#10;C)learning&#10;D)association

Accepted Answer

When the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) is omitted after a conditioned response (CR) has been established, the CR will eventually undergo extinction, meaning the learned response will weaken or disappear over time without reinforcement.

Question 4

It reflects the preservation of the original CS-UCS association after extinction training.&#10;A)reinforcement&#10;B)spontaneous recovery&#10;C)generalization&#10;D)discrimination

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response (CR) to a conditioned stimulus (CS) after a period of no exposure to the CS following extinction training, indicating that the original CS-UCS (unconditioned stimulus) association is still preserved.

Question 5

The best description for UCS is..&#10;A)a stimulus that automatically elicits a response&#10;B)a previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response&#10;C)produced by association&#10;D)influenced by the intensity of learned response

Accepted Answer

A UCS (Unconditioned Stimulus) is something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without the need for learning.

Question 6

In Pavlov's experiment, ___ is considered an unconditioned response.&#10;A)meat powder&#10;B)sleeping&#10;C)food&#10;D)salivation

Accepted Answer

In Pavlov's experiment, salivation is the unconditioned response because it is the natural, automatic reaction to the unconditioned stimulus, which is the food.

Question 7

It is a change in the electrical activity of the skin that occurs during emotional stress.&#10;A)gsr&#10;B)ucr&#10;C)ucs&#10;D)crt

Accepted Answer

GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) is the correct answer because it refers to changes in the sweat gland activity that are reflective of the intensity of our emotional state, thus altering the electrical resistance of the skin.

Question 8

Excitatory conditioning is..&#10;A)it is an ability of a cs to decrease the probability or magnitude of a given behavior.&#10;B)it is an inability of a cs to increase the probability or magnitude of a given behavior.&#10;C)it is an ability of a cs to increase the probability or magnitude of a given behavior.&#10;D)it is an inability of a cs to decrease the probability or magnitude of a given behavior.

Accepted Answer

Excitatory conditioning refers to the process where a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) in such a way that the CS comes to elicit a response on its own. This results in an increase in the probability or magnitude of a given behavior, which is why option C is correct.

Question 9

The child may expect playfulness only from dogs that look like hers. This refers to..&#10;A)association&#10;B)discrimination&#10;C)generalization&#10;D)extinction

Accepted Answer

This is an example of discrimination because the child is distinguishing between dogs that look like hers (and expecting playfulness) and those that do not, indicating an ability to differentiate or discriminate based on specific characteristics.

Question 10

If the doctor always tells a child that "it won't hurt, when in fact it sometimes does, the child has no danger or safety signals and may become terribly anxious whenever in the doctor's office. This implies..

A)learning can be fearful
B)children do not respond to motivation
C)doctors are ineffective motivators
D)predictability is also important for emotional reactions

Accepted Answer

The statement implies that predictability and knowing what to expect are crucial for managing emotional reactions, such as anxiety. When the child is misled about the pain, they cannot predict when they will feel pain, leading to increased anxiety.

Question 11

Punishment is the _____ of reinforcement.&#10;A)opposite&#10;B)principle&#10;C)basis&#10;D)equivalent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Punishment is the _____ of reinforcement.&#10;A)opposite&#10;B)principle&#10;C)basis&#10;D)equivalent...

Question 12

Skinner box is also known as..&#10;A)simple latch&#10;B)operant chamber&#10;C)omission training&#10;D)black box

Accepted Answer

The answer of Skinner box is also known as..&#10;A)simple latch&#10;B)operant...

Question 13

The likelihood that you bring your date chocolate on Valentine's Day will decrease if he or she gets mad at you for offering the caloric gift. This shows..&#10;A)baseline level&#10;B)omission training&#10;C)restructuring&#10;D)change stimulus

Accepted Answer

The answer of The likelihood that you bring your date...

Question 14

If leaving your apartment removes you from an unpleasant environment, then the time you spend away from your apartment will increase referring to..&#10;A)positive reinforcement&#10;B)negative reinforcement&#10;C)positive punishment&#10;D)negative punishment

Accepted Answer

The answer of If leaving your apartment removes you from...

Question 15

When the dog is trained to catch a ball, you can give the animal a food reinforcer each time it approaches the ball until finally the dog mouths and grabs the ball referring to..&#10;A)sensitization&#10;B)omission training&#10;C)shaping&#10;D)extinction

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the dog is trained to catch...

Question 16

Non-reflexive, voluntary behaviors are associated with _______________ conditioning.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of Non-reflexive, voluntary behaviors are associated with _______________...

Question 17

Responding decreases with the elimination of reinforcing consequences during the extinction process of _________________ conditioning.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of Responding decreases with the elimination of reinforcing...

Question 18

In __________ conditioning, the conditioned responses are active behaviors that operate on the environment.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of In __________ conditioning, the conditioned responses are...

Question 19

In _____________ conditioning, the basis of learning is the association of two stimuli, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _____________ conditioning, the basis of learning...

Question 20

The expectation that the conditioned response reliably predicts the unconditioned stimulus characterizes the cognitive aspect of _______________ conditioning.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of The expectation that the conditioned response reliably...

Question 21

The behavior is emitted by the organism in ____________ conditioning.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of The behavior is emitted by the organism...

Question 22

Conditions physiological and emotional responses.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conditions physiological and emotional responses.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social...

Question 23

In ___________________ conditioning, the performance of the behavior is influenced by the expectation of reinforcement or punishment.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ___________________ conditioning, the performance of the...

Question 24

In ________________ conditioning, the basis of learning is the process of associating a response and the consequence that follows it.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ________________ conditioning, the basis of learning...

Deck 1: Conditioning and Learning Processes