Deck 8: Data and Network Communication Technology

Question 1

Sender and received can use different methods of encoding, transmitting, and interpreting the bits of a message.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A complete communication protocol is a complex combination of subsidiary protocols and the technologies to implement them.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

​In the server arena, serial standards, such as Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), have replaced older parallel standards.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Command messages can be used to transmit information about data messages, such as format, content, length, and other information the receiver needs to interpret the data message correctly.

Question 5

​Communication line cost is the same in simplex and half-duplex modes.

Question 6

S/N ratio is computed as the log of signal power minus noise power.​

Question 7

​Circuit switching makes efficient use of channel capacity in most data transmission situations.

Question 8

​Despite its complexities, packet switching is the dominant form of intercomputer communication.

Question 9

Messages can be loosely categorized into two types-data messages and command messages.​

Question 10

​Phase is a wave characteristic that's fundamentally the same as amplitude or frequency.

Question 11

​To limit skew errors, high-speed parallel communication channels must be short, typically less than two meters.

Question 12

​Circuit switching is inefficient for most data transmission settings because few users require high data transmission capacity continuously.

Question 13

The FM method holds frequency constant while varying amplitude to represent data.

Question 14

​A parallel channel's transmits individual bits over separate wires, fibers, or frequencies.

Question 15

Square waves are the preferred method of transmitting digital data over short distances, such as on a system bus.

Question 16

Wave characteristics, such as frequency and amplitude, are inherently discrete.

Question 17

​Bits are encoded in a wave by precisely manipulating, or modulating, amplitude, frequency, or phase.

Question 18

Communication protocols are less important for computer-to-computer communication than for person-to-person communication.

Question 19

RF transmission is more complex than wired transmission because it incorporates more sophisticated error detection/correction and security methods.

Question 20

Data messages vary in format and content and can include any primitive CPU data types or more complex data types.​

Question 21

​Because block size is always the same in synchronous transmission, the receiver always knows where one block ends and another begins.

Question 22

​Type I error rates can be reduced by combining parity checking and block checking.

Question 23

​Under FDM, a single narrowband channel is partitioned into multiple broadband subchannels.

Question 24

​Unlike block checking, CRC cannot produce a BCC for a group of characters or bytes.

Question 25

​Parity checking can be based on even or odd bit counts.

Question 26

​Asynchronous transmission uses channel capacity more efficiently than synchronous transmission.

Question 27

​A ____ message contains instructions that control some aspect of the communication process.

A) ​wait
B) ​parse
C) ​command
D) ​train

Question 28

​____ is a technique for embedding multiple bit values in a single wave characteristic, such as frequency or amplitude.

A) ​Polymorphic coding
B) ​Unilateral coding
C) ​Multilevel coding
D) ​Dynamic coding

Question 29

​Narrowband channels in a single broadband channel must use the same signaling methods, communication protocols, and transmission speeds.

Question 30

​____ represents bit values by varying carrier wave frequency while holding amplitude constant.

A) ​Frequency modulation
B) ​Amplitude modulation
C) ​Polar modulation
D) ​Phase modulation

Question 31

​____ represents bit values as specific wave amplitudes.

A) ​Frequency modulation
B) ​Polar modulation
C) ​Amplitude modulation
D) ​Phase modulation

Question 32

​Parity checking has a low Type I error rate.

Question 33

​A crucial component of any communication protocol is a method for detecting and correcting errors in data transmission, reception, or interpretation.

Question 34

Frequency modulation is also called ____.

A) break-shift keying
B) amplitude-shift keying
C) ​block-shift keying
D) ​frequency-shift keying

Question 35

​____ is the number of cycles occurring in one second and is measured in hertz (Hz).

A) ​Wavelength
B) ​Amplitude
C) ​Period
D) ​Frequency

Question 36

​A(n) ____ is a data transmission event or group of events representing a bit or group of bits.

A) ​signal
B) ​modulation
C) ​motion
D) ​indicator

Question 37

​Amplitude modulation is sometimes called ____.

A) ​frequency-shift keying
B) ​amplitude-shift keying
C) ​block-shift keying
D) ​break-shift keying

Question 38

​A complete ____ of a sine wave follows its full range from zero to positive peak, back to zero, to its negative peak, and then back to zero again.

A) ​cycle
B) ​wave
C) ​crest
D) ​trough

Question 39

____ is a specific time point in a wave's cycle.

A) Pattern
B) Phase
C) Trough
D) Crest

Question 40

​CRC has much higher Type I and Type II error rates than parity and block checking.

Question 41

​____ cable can be constructed of glass or plastic.

A) ​coaxial
B) ​twisted-pair cable
C) ​single mode fiber optic
D) ​multimode fiber optic

Question 42

​____ routes signals between two locations through a physical connection, such as copper wire or optical fiber.

A) ​Structured transmission
B) ​Guided transmission
C) ​Uniform transmission
D) ​Spread transmission

Question 43

​Noise can be introduced into copper, aluminum, and other wire types by ____.

A) ​spectral interference
B) ​hyperspectral interference
C) ​electromagnetic interference
D) ​optical interference

Question 44

​As bit transmission speed is increased, the duration of each bit in the signal, known as the ____, decreases.

A) ​bit time
B) ​overhead
C) ​block time
D) ​modulation time

Question 45

​____ transmission uses a separate transmission line for each bit position.

A) ​Serial
B) ​Linear
C) ​Bulk
D) ​Parallel

Question 46

​In a single communication channel a ____ wire completes an electrical circuit between sending and receiving devices.

A) ​path
B) ​signal
C) ​ground
D) ​return

Question 47

____ mode uses a single shared channel, and each node takes turns using the transmission line to transmit and receive.

A) ​Half-duplex
B) ​Full-duplex
C) Half-simplex
D) Full-simplex

Question 48

​The term ____ describes the maximum number of bits or bytes per second that the channel can carry.

A) ​minimum data transfer rate
B) ​overhead data transfer rate
C) ​net data transfer rate
D) ​raw data transfer rate

Question 49

Square waves can be generated by rapidly switching (pulsing) an electrical or optical power source-a technique called ____.

A) ​block keying
B) ​shift keying
C) ​on-off keying
D) ​polar keying

Question 50

​The term ____ describes transmissions using frequencies between 50 Hz and 1 terahertz (THz).

A) ​radio frequency
B) ​transmission frequency
C) ​electromagnetic frequency
D) ​broad frequency

Question 51

​____ cable uses fibers that vary continuously in diameter from center to edge.

A) ​coaxial
B) ​twisted-pair cable
C) ​single mode fiber optic
D) ​multimode fiber optic

Question 52

​In a single electrical communication channel, a(n) ____ wire carries data and the return wire completes the electrical circuit.

A) ​single mode
B) ​path
C) ​signal
D) ​ground

Question 53

The term ____ describes the maximum number of bits or bytes per second that the channel actually achieves with a specific communication protocol. ​

A) ​minimum data transfer rate
B) ​overhead data transfer rate
C) ​net data transfer rate
D) effective data transfer rate

Question 54

​____ is the most expensive cable type

A) ​coaxial
B) ​twisted-pair cable
C) ​single mode fiber optic
D) ​multimode fiber optic

Question 55

​In ____ mode, messages flow in only one direction

A) ​duplex
B) ​simplex
C) ​multiplex
D) ​complex

Question 56

​____ is noise added to the signal in the wire from EMI generated by adjacent wires.

A) ​Interference
B) ​Crosstalk
C) ​Crosswalk
D) ​Coupling

Question 57

​The most common wired transmission media for LANs is ____ cable.

A) ​coaxial
B) ​twisted-pair cable
C) ​single mode fiber optic
D) ​multimode fiber optic

Question 58

​In a communication channel, ____ refers to unwanted signal components added to the data signal that might be interpreted incorrectly as data.

A) ​signal
B) ​noise
C) ​overhead
D) ​bandwidth

Question 59

Most local phone service is based on a channel-sharing strategy called ____.

A) ​packet switching
B) ​route switching
C) ​circuit switching
D) ​path switching

Question 60

In ____ mode, the receiver can communicate with the sender at any time over the second transmission line, even while data is still being transmitted on the first line.

A) half-duplex
B) half-simplex
C) full-duplex
D) full-simplex

Question 61

​A(n) ____________________ signal can contain one of a finite number of possible values.

Question 62

With ____ parity, the sender sets the parity bit to 0 if the count of 1-valued data bits in the character is odd.

A) ​even
B) ​odd
C) ​block
D) ​check

Question 63

____ are used by devices such as general-purpose servers that can initiate and respond to data transfer requests.

A) ​FBAs
B) ​HCAs
C) ​HBAs
D) ​FCAs

Question 64

____ is the most widely used error-detection method.

A) ​Hamming code
B) ​SHA1
C) ​Cyclic redundancy checking
D) ​Message Digest

Question 65

​Light, radio frequencies, and electricity travel through space or cables as a(n) ____________________.

Question 66

Parity checking can be expanded to groups of characters or bytes by using ____.

A) block checking
B) ​bit checking
C) frame checking
D) ​band checking

Question 67

​A(n) ____________________ is a unit of data or information transmitted from a sender to a recipient.

Question 68

​A(n) ____________________ signal uses the full range of a carrier wave characteristic to encode continuous data values.

Question 69

​A wave with encoded bits is called a(n) ____________________ wave because it transports bits from one place to another.

Question 70

____ is a high-speed communication architecture intended to interconnect devices such as servers, secondary storage appliances, and network switches.

A) ​HighBand
B) ​BlockBand
C) ​WideBand
D) ​InfiniBand

Question 71

The ____________________ of a sine wave is measured in degrees, with 0° representing the beginning of the wave's cycle and 360° representing the end.

Question 72

A(n) ____________________ is a set of rules and conventions for communication.

Question 73

​A(n) ____________________ consists of a sending device, a receiving device, and the transmission medium connecting them.

Question 74

____ have a predetermined pattern of signal transitions designed for easy clock synchronization.

A) ​Synchronous idle characters
B) ​Asynchronous idle characters
C) Wait state characters
D) ​Stop characters

Question 75

​Asynchronous transmission adds one or more ____ bits to the beginning of each message.

A) ​stop
B) ​end
C) ​parity
D) ​start

Question 76

____________________ is a measure of wave height or power-the maximum distance between a wave's peak and its zero value.

Question 77

Long-distance telecommunication providers use FDM to multiplex single-mode optical fibers, an application commonly called ____.

A) ​code-division multiplexing
B) ​wavelength-division multiplexing
C) ​space-division multiplexing
D) ​time-division multiplexing

Question 78

____ describes techniques for splitting data transfer capacity into time slices and allocating them to multiple users.

A) ​Time-division multiplexing
B) ​Code-division multiplexing
C) Frequency-division multiplexing
D) Space-division multiplexing

Question 79

The communication path that transports signals is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 80

In synchronous transmissions, messages are transmitted in fixed-size byte groups called ____.

A) ​sectors
B) ​clusters
C) ​blocks
D) ​packets