Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

North America may be divided into general natural areas that include

A)Iceland.
B)the Riverine and Foothills.
C)the Pacific coast.
D)no deserts.

Answer 1

the Pacific coast.

Question 2

Anthropology

A)seeks to gain an understanding of other cultures.
B)has a history of considering women's perspectives.
C)is more interested in studying Old World cultures than New World cultures.
D)is concerned with advancing native cultures into modern society.

Answer 2

seeks to gain an understanding of other cultures.

Question 3

Popular views or stereotypes of Native Americans include all of the following EXCEPT

A)the original man.
B)the great warrior.
C)the bloodthirsty savage.
D)the first ecologist.

Answer 3

the original man.

Question 4

The "Sidelight: The Domesticated Wilderness" states that

A)Native Americans had little impact on their environments.
B)Europeans misunderstood Indian farming and land use.
C)plowing, irrigation, and burning are types of passive resource management.
D)controlled burns by European Americans upset Native Americans.

Question 5

Native peoples first came to the western hemisphere from

A)eastern Europe.
B)Iceland.
C)western Africa.
D)northeast Asia.

Question 6

According to the "Sidelight: Weapons and Hunting Technologies" before their interaction with Europeans, native peoples used various weapons to hunt, including all of the following EXCEPT

A)spears.
B)harpoons.
C)metal blades.
D)blowguns.

Question 7

A group is said to be in the Formative if its economy specializes in

A)trade.
B)hunting.
C)food production.
D)the exploitation of megafauna.

Question 8

Define a culture area, and discuss the good and bad points of using culture areas to group people.

Question 9

Discuss how the complex cultures of Mesoamerica influenced native North Americans.

Question 10

Name at least six important foods and drugs Native Americans gave the world.

Question 11

What are the goals of anthropology? Discuss the problems as well as the benefits of anthropological study.

Question 12

Lewis H.Morgan's theory of Unilinear Cultural Evolution, popular in the 1800s and early 1900s,

A)classified people as savage, barbaric, or civilized.
B)argued that all cultures are equal and should not be viewed as inferior and superior to one another.
C)was based on skin color.
D)categorized people based on decade born.

Question 13

Documentary methods used to preserve data on Native North Americans include all of the following EXCEPT

A)colonial and mission records.
B)ancestor recall.
C)land records.
D)diaries.

Question 14

Some Native American foods eaten in the U.S.today include

A)wheat and rye.
B)tomatoes and corn.
C)coffee and barley.
D)figs and oranges.

Question 15

North America includes

A)Canada and United States only.
B)the United States only.
C)Greenland.
D)Chile and Venezuela.

Question 16

Of the ten culture areas considered by the Smithsonian Handbook of North American Indians, the two that used to be covered with temperate forests are

A)the Plains and Plateau.
B)the Northeast and Southeast.
C)California and the Southwest.
D)the Northwest Coast and Plateau.

Question 17

One problem with using culture areas is

A)diversity may be ignored.
B)criteria are chosen by Indians.
C)cultures never change.
D)they're never compared.

Question 18

The study of a particular group at a particular time is called

A)ethnography.
B)ethnology.
C)sociology.
D)perspective analysis.

Question 19

The low estimates for Native American populations prior to 1492

A)were quite accurate.
B)were used to justify European occupation.
C)explain today's small population.
D)made Europeans sympathetic to Indians.

Question 20

According to the 2010 census, the number of Americans who identify themselves as (at least part) Native American is around

A)fewer than 500,000.
B)1 million.
C)2 million to 3 million.
D)5)3 million.

Question 21

In the United States, the number of groups that claim native status is

A)more than 10,000.
B)about 1000.
C)about 50.
D)fewer than 12.

Question 22

The number of languages spoken in aboriginal North America was

A)about 200.
B)nearly 50.
C)more than 400.
D)never possible to determine.

Question 23

The names we have for Native American peoples seldom come from

A)their enemies.
B)themselves.
C)places where they lived.
D)archaeologists.

Question 24

The role of women in Native American cultures is poorly understood, in part because

A)women were not allowed to record their experiences.
B)few differences existed between the roles of men and women.
C)it was assumed that their roles were the same as that for women in Europe.
D)early anthropologists were only interested in male activities.

Question 25

Name at least three Indian stereotypes, and discuss how European Americans use(d) these popular views.

Question 26

North America may be divided into six geographic areas that include___________.

A)Iceland
B)the Riverine and Foothills
C)the Pacific coast
D)no deserts

Question 27

North America includes __________.

A)Canada and the U.S.only
B)the U.S.only
C)Greenland
D)Chile and Venezuela

Question 28

Of the ten culture areas considered by the Smithsonian Handbook of North American Indians, the two that used to be covered with temperate forests are __________.

A)the Plains and Plateau
B)the Northeast and Southeast
C)California and the Southwest
D)the Northwest Coast and Plateau

Question 29

One problem with using culture areas is __________.

A)diversity may be ignored
B)criteria are chosen by Indians
C)cultures never change
D)they're never compared

Question 30

Native Americans can be defined__________.

A)by their color
B)by their clothing
C)by their religion
D)administratively

Question 31

The low estimates for precontact Native American populations proposed by Europeans __________.

A)were quite accurate
B)justified European occupation
C)explain today's small population
D)made Europeans more sympathetic to Indians

Question 32

The Native American population today in the U.S.is __________.

A)6-8 million
B)the same as pre-contact
C)2.5 million
D)4 million

Question 33

The approximate number of federally recognized tribes in the U.S.today is __________.

A)almost 1000
B)550
C)less than 50
D)700

Question 34

The loss of Native American languages means __________.

A)loss of their worldviews
B)little to most Indians
C)loss of their reservations
D)all of the above

Question 35

The names we have for Native American peoples seldom come from __________.

A)their enemies
B)themselves
C)places where they lived
D)archaeologists

Question 36

The traditional role of women in Native American cultures was __________.

A)much like European women
B)different from Europeans
C)inferior to Europeans
D)not important

Question 37

Some Native American foods eaten in the U.S.today include __________.

A)wheat and rye
B)tomatoes and corn
C)coffee and barley
D)figs and oranges

Question 38

Documentary methods used to preserve data on Native North Americans include __________.

A)colonial and mission records
B)census data
C)land records
D)diaries
E)all of the above

Question 39

Lewis H.Morgan, an American social scientist in the 1800s __________.

A)wrote the most accurate study of the Pawnee
B)believed the study of kinship unimportant
C)devised the concept of Unilinear Cultural Evolution
D)was a founding member of the National Museum of the American Indian

Question 40

The theory of Unilinear Cultural Evolution, popular in the 1800s and early 1900s __________.

A)classified people as savage, barbaric, or civilized
B)argued that all cultures are equal and should not be viewed as inferior and superior to one another
C)was based on skin color
D)all of the above

Question 41

In the late 1800s anthropology __________.

A)realized Native Americans were here to stay
B)decided to be less scientific and more helpful to native people
C)practiced "salvage ethnography" to preserve Indian cultures
D)none of the above

Question 42

Anthropology __________.

A)seeks to gain understanding of other cultures
B)has a history of considering women's perspectives, and historically included many female anthropologists
C)is more interested in studying Old World cultures than New World cultures
D)is concerned with advancing native cultures into modern society

Question 43

Popular views or stereotypes of Native Americans include ___________.

A)the noble savage
B)the bloodthirsty savage
C)the great warrior
D)the first ecologist
E)all of the above

Question 44

The "Sidelight: The Domesticated 'Wilderness'" states that ___________.

A)Native Americans had little impact on their environments
B)Indian farming and land use were misunderstood by Europeans
C)plowing, irrigation, and burning are types of passive resource management
D)controlled burns by European Americans upset Native Americans

Question 45

Some of anthropology's origin ideas for Native Americans include ___________.

A)Lost Tribes of Israel
B)the Australian migration theory
C)alien invasion
D)all of the above

Question 46

Paleoindians ___________.

A)arrived from Europe across the Atlantic
B)hunted only small animals
C)left fluted projectile points
D)included Eskimos

Question 47

The Archaic period___________.

A)included the beginnings of agriculture
B)saw fewer resources utilized by people
C)was colder
D)was a time of migrations

Question 48

Agriculture was introduced to Native North America __________.

A)by the Vikings
B)with wheat cultivation
C)around 10,000 years ago
D)from Mesoamerica

Question 49

Mesoamerican influences on Native North America did NOT include__________.

A)tipis
B)corn agriculture
C)ball courts
D)Mississippian religion

Question 50

The "Sidelight: Weapons and Hunting Technologies" indicates that __________.

A)Native Americans had few weapons to choose from
B)the bow and arrow were the first weapon devised
C)the atlatl was never used outside of South America.
D)native peoples used many, varied weapons to hunt.

Question 51

There are three continents in the Western hemisphere: North America, South America, and Central or Mesoamerica.

Question 52

The text defines six natural geographic areas in North America that overlap into culture areas.

Question 53

Both the Great Basin and Southwest culture areas lie in a large desert.

Question 54

The only culture area that lies in a largely treeless region of snow and ice for most of the year is the Subarctic.

Question 55

While culture areas are useful for comparison and reference, they may ignore cultural and environmental diversity.

Question 56

Cultures within similar environments tend to share some aspects of economy, politics, and language.

Question 57

Native Americans are defined by blood quantum only.

Question 58

In Mexico the mestizos or mixed bloods account for at least 75 percent of the population.

Question 59

Europeans used low estimates for Native American populations to justify European occupation of North America and South America.(T)Many groups of Native Americans are known today by names they did not use for themselves.

Question 60

Native American women seldom held positions of power and were generally treated as inferior, much like European women.

Question 61

The term "berdache" refers to a war trophy, such as a scalp, taken by warriors of some Native American tribes.

Question 62

Native American foods and drugs have no impact on U.S.life today.

Question 63

By the early 1800s researchers had lost interest in Native Americans.

Question 64

The kinship classifications used today were named after Native American groups.

Question 65

The concept of Unilinear Cultural Evolution, classifying people by labels of savage, barbaric, and civilized, was not accepted by most anthropologists.

Question 66

The term "salvage ethnography," used by anthropologists in the late 1800s, indicates these researchers believed Native Americans were going extinct.

Question 67

Popular Indian stereotypes include bloodthirsty warriors and noble warriors.

Question 68

Fortunately, Europeans in the New World completely understood Native American ideas about farming and land use.

Question 69

The most popular theory among scientists for Native Americans' populating the New World is the in situ theory.

Question 70

Clovis and Folsom points are indicative of the Paleoindian period.

Question 71

The Archaic period is best known for the introduction of true agriculture.

Question 72

Agriculture was introduced in North America from Mesoamerica about 3,000 years ago.

Question 73

It is likely that Native Americans arrived in the Americas in one large migration.

Question 74

The atlatl was a tool used by Native Americans for sharpening their spear points.

Question 75

Define a culture area and discuss the good and bad points of using culture areas to group people.

Question 76

Compare the numbers for the Native American population in North America before European contact and today.What happened to change these numbers? Why did Europeans prefer low estimates of the Native American population?

Question 77

Name at least six important foods and drugs Native Americans gave the world.

Question 78

What are the goals of anthropology? Discuss the problems as well as the benefits of anthropological study.

Question 79

Name at least three Indian stereotypes and discuss how European Americans use(d) these popular views.

Question 80

Discuss at least three possible origins of American Indians.Which is preferred by scientists and why? Discuss how this creates problems with tribes.