Question 1

A study measures the percentage of trials on which a CR occurs. This is an example of the _______ procedure.&#10;A) Anticipation&#10;B) blank trials&#10;C) sign tracking&#10;D) conditioned suppression

Accepted Answer

The blank trials procedure involves measuring the percentage of trials on which a conditioned response (CR) occurs without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus, to assess the strength of the conditioning.

Question 2

At picnics you are stung by mosquitoes but not by butterflies. You are likely to demonstrate____ conditioning to mosquitoes and ____ conditioning to butterflies.&#10;A) excitatory; inhibitory&#10;B) inhibitory; excitatory&#10;C) appetitive; excitatory&#10;D) appetitive; aversive

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, excitatory conditioning occurs when a stimulus predicts the occurrence of an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response. Since mosquitoes are associated with the unpleasant experience of being stung, you would develop an excitatory conditioning to them, expecting something negative. In contrast, inhibitory conditioning happens when a stimulus predicts the absence of an unconditioned stimulus. Since butterflies do not sting and thus do not lead to an unpleasant experience, you might develop an inhibitory conditioning to them, where their presence signals the absence of being stung.

Question 3

The strengthening of a CR through repeated pairings of a CS and US is known as&#10;A) attainment.&#10;B) procurement.&#10;C) acquisition.&#10;D) elicitation.

Accepted Answer

Acquisition is the process in classical conditioning where a conditioned response (CR) becomes established through repeated pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US).

Question 4

The strength of conditioning varies directly with the strength of the&#10;A) US.&#10;B) CS.&#10;C) both a and b&#10;D) neither a nor b

Accepted Answer

The strength of conditioning is influenced by both the unconditioned stimulus (US) and the conditioned stimulus (CS). A stronger US or CS can lead to more effective conditioning.

Question 5

Stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning is the tendency for a CR&#10;A) to suddenly recover following extinction.&#10;B) to decrease in strength across repeated presentations of the CS.&#10;C) to become more differentiated from other responses.&#10;D) to be elicited by one stimulus and not another.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning refers to the learned ability to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and other similar stimuli, responding only to the CS and not to the other stimuli. This means the conditioned response (CR) is elicited by one specific stimulus and not by others that are similar.

Question 6

In higher-order conditioning, a(n) ____ is used in place of a(n) ____ to condition another stimulus.&#10;A) US; CS&#10;B) CS; US&#10;C) NS; CS&#10;D) US; NS

Accepted Answer

In higher-order conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) is used in place of an unconditioned stimulus (US) to condition another stimulus. This means that a stimulus that has already been associated with a certain response is used to create a new association with a different stimulus.

Question 7

If a rat always receives a shock following the presentation of an 800 Hz tone, it will show a stronger fear response to the presentation of a ____ tone than a ____ tone.&#10;A) 900 Hz; 1000 Hz&#10;B) 1000 Hz; 900 Hz&#10;C) 600 Hz; 700 Hz&#10;D) both b and c

Accepted Answer

The rat will show a stronger fear response to a 900 Hz tone than a 1000 Hz tone because 900 Hz is closer in frequency to the 800 Hz tone it was conditioned with, making it more similar and thus more likely to elicit a stronger conditioned response.

Question 8

Feeling hungry at the same time each day is best described as an example of&#10;A) pseudoconditioning.&#10;B) temporal conditioning.&#10;C) temporal preconditioning.&#10;D) occasion setting.

Accepted Answer

Feeling hungry at the same time each day is an example of temporal conditioning, where a biological response (feeling hungry) becomes associated with a specific time of day due to regular occurrence of a stimulus (such as eating meals at the same time daily).

Deck 3: Predictive Learning: Basic Principles and Phenomena