Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

While __________________ refers to the functioning of our sensory systems, __________________ involves the interpretation of that input, giving it meaning and organization.

A) sensation; perception
B) perception; sensation
C) cognition; sensation
D) cognition; perception

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The branch of philosophy that deals with how knowledge is acquired (including knowledge about the properties of objects) is called:

A) empiricism
B) behaviorism
C) nativism
D) epistemology

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following questions would a philosopher concerned with epistemology most likely ask?

A) What is the meaning of life?
B) Who am I?
C) Why do we do what we do?
D) How do we know what we know?

Answer 3

D

Question 4

During what time period did behaviorism flourish in the United States?

A) before 1900
B) between 1900 and 1930
C) between 1930 and 1960
D) 1960-today

Question 5

Which of the following areas of perceptual research was LEAST influenced by behaviorism's bias against the study of cognition?

A) music perception
B) psychophysics
C) speech perception
D) visual word recognition

Question 6

Which of the following people is associated with the Empiricist Approach?

A) William James
B) David Marr
C) George Berkeley
D) both A and C

Question 7

The approach that emphasizes that sensory information alone is insufficient for our rich perceptual experiences is the __________________ approach.

A) behaviorist
B) empiricist
C) Gibsonian
D) Gestalt

Question 8

Who described an infant's perception of the word as a "blooming, buzzing confusion"?

A) James Gibson
B) George Berkeley
C) William James
D) David Marr

Question 9

In the nature-nurture debate, empiricism stresses:

A) nature
B) nurture
C) both nature and nurture
D) neither nature nor nurture

Question 10

In the nature-nurture debate, nativism stresses:

A) nature
B) nurture
C) both nature and nurture
D) neither nature nor nurture

Question 11

The approach that emphasizes that we perceive objects as well-organized, whole structures rather than as separate, isolated parts is the __________________ approach.

A) empiricist
B) Gibsonian
C) Gestalt
D) computational

Question 12

The group of psychologists that sought to explain perception by focusing on individual elements was the:

A) structuralists
B) nativists
C) behaviorists
D) empiricists

Question 13

The empiricist approach emphasizes __________________ perception. The Gestalt approach emphasizes __________________ perception.

A) indirect; indirect
B) indirect; direct
C) direct; indirect
D) direct; direct

Question 14

The notion that sensory information is sufficient is __________________ perception. The notion that sensory information is insufficient is __________________ perception.

A) holistic; traditional
B) indirect; direct
C) traditional; holistic
D) direct; indirect

Question 15

The major proponent of direct perception was:

A) James Gibson
B) George Berkeley
C) William James
D) David Marr

Question 16

The approach that emphasizes that our perceptions are rich and elaborate because the stimuli in our environment are rich with information is the __________________
approach.

A) empiricist
B) computational
C) information-processing
D) Gibsonian

Question 17

Because of its emphasis on the important role of memory, the information-processing approach is most similar to which other approach?

A) computational
B) behaviorist
C) empiricist
D) Gibsonian

Question 18

In the __________________ approach, researchers identify psychological processes and connect them together by proposing specific patterns of information flow.

A) computational
B) information-processing
C) Gibsonian
D) Gestalt

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Information-Processing Approach is FALSE?

A) It emphasizes the importance of processing beyond the sensory level.
B) It specifies that processes are innate.
C) It focuses on the interconnections among processes.
D) none of the above

Question 20

David Marr is associated with which approach?

A) Gestalt
B) empiricist
C) computational
D) Gibsonian

Question 21

The approach that involves the development of mathematical models to explain the processes underlying perception is the __________________ approach.

A) computational
B) Gestalt
C) behaviorist
D) empiricist

Question 22

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Each sensory system adapts to a stimulus that is presented continuously.
B) Each sensory system is independent and does not interact with the others.
C) Our sensory systems are well adapted to humans' specific needs.
D) Each sensory system serves to detect change in the world.

Question 23

"Data-driven processing" is also known as:

A) bottom-up processing
B) empirical processing
C) conceptually driven processing
D) top-down processing

Question 24

The Gibsonian Approach states that we:

A) rely most heavily on top-down processing
B) rely most heavily on bottom-up processing
C) rely on top-down processing and bottom-up processing equally
D) do not rely on either top-down or bottom-up processing

Question 25

The fact that our previous knowledge, expectations, and context can influence our perceptions illustrates that we use:

A) direct processing
B) indirect processing
C) bottom-up processing
D) top-down processing

Question 26

Conceptually-driven processing is also known as __________________. Data-driven processing is also known as __________________.

A) direct processing; indirect processing
B) indirect processing; direct processing
C) bottom-up processing; top-down processing
D) top-down processing; bottom-up processing