Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

A substance,such as glucose,that passes through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion,requires a carrier molecule and energy from ATP.

Answer 1

False
Facilitated diffusion requires a carrier,but does not require energy.

Question 2

When a cell with an intracellular glucose concentration of 5 percent is placed in a 10 percent glucose solution,glucose molecules move from the 10 percent extracellular solution into the 5 percent intracellular solution by osmosis.

Answer 2

False
Water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

A cell that normally has 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis to produce two cells,each with 23 chromosomes.

Answer 3

False
After mitosis and cytokinesis,each of the two daughter cells will have 46 chromosomes.

Question 4

A cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution is likely to shrink or crenate.

Question 5

DNA and RNA are both found inside the nucleus.

Question 6

A "generalized cell" is

A) the most common cell in the body
B) an imaginary cell that contains the components of different cell types
C) a cell that is found in all body regions
D) generally, but not always, present in the body
E) larger than other cells because it contains more organelles

Question 7

One of the functions of the proteins in the cell membrane is to

A) synthesize other proteins
B) synthesize ribosomes
C) act as receptors for hormones
D) provide a source of energy for the cell
E) transport substances from one place to another within the cell

Question 8

The central region of the cell membrane is

A) protein and hydrophilic
B) phosphate and hydrophilic
C) phosphate and hydrophobic
D) lipid and hydrophobic
E) lipid and hydrophilic

Question 9

All of the following are functions of the protein molecules in the cell membrane EXCEPT to

A) provide structural support
B) form transport channels for passage of materials into the cell
C) inhibit chemical reactions on the surface of the cell
D) function as receptor sites for hormones and enzymes
E) act as identification markers for self-recognition

Question 10

The genetic material of the cell is located in the

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) ribosomes
C) nucleus
D) nucleolus
E) cell membrane

Question 11

Individuals engaged in prolonged substance abuse are likely to have increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum,particularly in the liver.

Question 12

The outer and inner phosphate layers of the cell membrane are hydrophilic.

Question 13

A poison that inhibits mitochondrial function will also inhibit or halt active transport processes in the cell.

Question 14

The semifluid substance that is within the cell but outside the nucleus is the

A) nucleoplasm
B) cytoplasm
C) extracellular fluid
D) cellular waste material
E) product of the nucleus

Question 15

The cell membrane is a double layer of

A) protein
B) phospholipid
C) carbohydrate
D) phospholipid and carbohydrate
E) protein and carbohydrate

Question 16

The structure that separates the fluid outside the cell from the fluid inside the cell is the

A) cell membrane
B) nuclear membrane
C) membranous organelle
D) mitochondrial membrane
E) layer of glycoprotein

Question 17

The cell membrane consists primarily of

A) proteins and cholesterol
B) phospholipid and cholesterol
C) proteins and glucose
D) phospholipid and proteins
E) cholesterol and glucose

Question 18

DNA in the nucleus acts as a template for synthesizing mRNA.

Question 19

Lipids in the cell membrane act as receptor sites for hormone action.

Question 20

In cystic fibrosis the transport channels for chloride ions do not function properly.This represents a defect in the

A) phospholipids
B) carbohydrates
C) adenosine triphosphate
D) proteins
E) ribonucleic acid

Question 21

In osmosis,water moves from a(n)_____ solution to a(n)_____ solution.

A) hypertonic; isotonic
B) isotonic; hypotonic
C) hypertonic; hypotonic
D) hypotonic; hypertonic

Question 22

The cellular component that regulates the composition of the cytoplasm is the

A) cell membrane
B) nucleus
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nuclear membrane
E) chromatin

Question 23

A phagocytic cell is likely to have increased numbers of

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) ribosomes
C) Golgi
D) lysosomes
E) microtubules

Question 24

A cell that uses a large amount of energy is likely to have an increased number of

A) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi
D) nucleoli
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

Blood pressure "pushes" fluids across a membrane in the kidneys.This is an example of

A) simple diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

Question 26

If a cell containing 5% glucose (solution A)in the cytoplasm is placed in a 2% glucose solution (solution B)

A) glucose will move from A to B
B) glucose will move from B to A
C) water will move from A to B
D) water will move from B to A
E) nothing will happen because there is no energy

Question 27

Long,whiplike projections,composed of microtubules,that project from the cell and function in cell locomotion are

A) cilia
B) microvilli
C) pseudopodia
D) flagella
E) found in the respiratory tract

Question 28

Cells in the respiratory tract that move mucus over their surface are most likely to have _____ on the surface.

A) hair cells
B) flagella
C) cilia
D) microvilli
E) microfilaments

Question 29

The transport process that utilizes pressure gradients rather than concentration gradients is

A) simple diffusion
B) filtration
C) active transport
D) osmosis
E) phagocytosis

Question 30

The movement of oxygen from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration without the expenditure of energy is

A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) pinocytosis
D) simple diffusion
E) osmosis

Question 31

The function of the Golgi apparatus is to

A) form secretory vesicles
B) synthesize proteins
C) synthesize steroids
D) digest foreign particles
E) provide energy for active transport

Question 32

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion because

A) facilitated diffusion requires energy, simple diffusion does not
B) simple diffusion requires a membrane, but facilitated diffusion does not
C) facilitated diffusion requires a carrier molecule, but simple diffusion does not
D) facilitated diffusion moves substances against a concentration gradient, but simple diffusion moves substances down a concentration gradient
E) in facilitated diffusion, the solvent moves through a membrane, but in simple diffusion the solute moves through the membrane

Question 33

In osmosis

A) a carrier molecule is required
B) there is expenditure of energy
C) the solute moves through a membrane
D) the solvent moves through a membrane
E) pressure is required to push a solute through a membrane

Question 34

All of the following statements about centrioles are correct EXCEPT they

A) are located in the centrosome
B) occur in pairs
C) function in cell division
D) are composed of microtubules
E) are enclosed by a centrosomal membrane

Question 35

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution

A) it will swell up and get larger
B) it will rupture
C) it will shrink or crenate
D) solute concentration will remain the same but water will move
E) solutes will move to restore equilibrium

Question 36

Water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from a 1% salt solution to a 4% salt solution.This is an example of

A) simple diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

Question 37

The cytoskeleton

A) makes the cell rigid
B) is composed of microfilaments and microtubules
C) is responsible for passage of material across the cell membrane
D) functions to transport substances to the Golgi apparatus
E) functions in pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 38

If a cell containing 5% glucose (solution A)in the cytoplasm is placed in a 2% glucose solution (solution B),solution

A) A is isotonic to solution B
B) A is hypotonic to solution B
C) A is hypertonic to solution B
D) B is hypertonic to solution A
E) B is isotonic to solution A

Question 39

The dark-staining structure that contains RNA within the nucleus is the

A) nucleolus
B) chromatin
C) chromosomes
D) nuclear membrane
E) nuclear pores

Question 40

Transport processes that require carrier molecules and cellular energy are called

A) passive transport
B) pinocytosis
C) filtration
D) active transport
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 41

The amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by the pairing of _____ codons with _____ anticodons.

A) mRNA; rRNA
B) rRNA; tRNA
C) mRNA; tRNA
D) DNA; tRNA
E) DNA; mRNA

Question 42

Nuclear division that occurs in somatic cells is called

A) mitosis
B) amitosis
C) meiosis
D) ameiosis
E) cytokinesis

Question 43

In protein synthesis,translation is the transfer of genetic information from

A) DNA to mRNA
B) mRNA to amino acid sequence
C) mRNA to tRNA
D) rRNA to tRNA
E) tRNA to amino acid sequence

Question 44

Nuclear division that occurs in the production of eggs and sperm is called

A) mitosis
B) amitosis
C) meiosis
D) ameiosis
E) cytokinesis

Question 45

Exact DNA replication is possible because of the

A) accuracy of the messenger RNA copies of DNA
B) exact complementary pairing of nitrogenous bases in the two DNA strands
C) presence of control processes in the nucleolus
D) activation of codons by the ribosomes
E) accuracy of transcription and translation

Question 46

The instructions for protein synthesis are encoded in the

A) codons of messenger RNA
B) anticodons of transfer RNA
C) ribosomes
D) DNA of the chromosomes
E) RNA of the chromosomes

Question 47

In protein synthesis,transcription is the transfer of genetic information from

A) DNA to mRNA
B) mRNA to rRNA
C) mRNA to tRNA
D) rRNA to tRNA
E) tRNA to amino acids

Question 48

Solid particles that are too large to pass through the cell membrane by any other method may be incorporated into the cell by

A) pinocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) crenation
E) osmocytosis

Question 49

The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making one particular protein molecule is called a(n)

A) codon
B) gene
C) anticodon
D) chromosome
E) chromatid

Question 50

At the beginning of DNA replication

A) the DNA uncoils and hydrogen bonds break
B) the nucleotides break apart and reorganize
C) messenger RNA copies the DNA strand
D) ribose is converted to deoxyribose
E) the sugar-phosphate bonds break apart

Question 51

Cell division that results in cells with one-half the number of chromosomes found in other cells is called

A) mitosis
B) amitotic division
C) meiosis
D) somatic cell division
E) cytokinetic cell division

Question 52

The suffix that means "condition of" is

A) elle
B) ic
C) um
D) phob
E) osis

Question 53

A codon is a sequence of three

A) bases on DNA
B) bases on mRNA
C) bases on rRNA
D) bases on tRNA
E) amino acids on a protein

Question 54

Cell drinking,or taking fluid droplets into the cell,is a form of

A) exocytosis
B) passive transport
C) endocytosis
D) phagocytosis
E) filtration

Question 55

Chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell during

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 56

In protein synthesis the coded instructions are copied from DNA into the

A) nucleotide sequence of mRNA
B) amino acid sequence of proteins
C) nucleotide sequence of tRNA
D) nucleotide sequence of the ribosomes
E) nucleotide sequence of the complementary DNA

Question 57

Most of a cell's life cycle is spent in a nondividing phase called

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 58

If a sequence of bases on the coding strand of DNA is ACTGAC,the mRNA will have a base sequence of

A) ACTGAC
B) ACUGAC
C) TGACTG
D) UGACUG
E) UGUGUC

Question 59

The word root that means "cell" is

A) plasm
B) cyt
C) ana
D) soma
E) elle

Question 60

Cytokinesis occurs during

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 61

What is the term for the transport process by which a cell loses water to a hypertonic solution?

Question 62

What are the terms for the two main structural components of the cell membrane?

Question 63

What is the term for the organelles that move substances across the surface of the cell?

Question 64

What is the term for the process by which cells engulf solid particles?

Question 65

What is the term for the longest phase of a cell cycle?

Question 66

What is the term for the type of passive transport in which a carrier molecule is required?

Question 67

What is the term for the specific type of molecule that consists of an anticodon and an amino acid?

Question 68

What is the term for the phase of nuclear division in which the spindle fibers shorten and pull the chromosomes toward the centrioles?

Question 69

What is the term for the foundation or cytoskeletal components of cilia and flagella?

Question 70

What is the term for the granular organelle that functions in protein synthesis?

Question 71

What is the term for the specific type of molecule that transcribes the genetic code and carries it to the cytoplasm?

Question 72

What is the term for the membranous organelle that functions in energy production?

Question 73

What is the term for the primary nucleic acid found in the nucleolus?

Question 74

What is the term for the filaments in the nucleus that are composed of DNA?

Question 75

What is the term for the process of nuclear division in somatic,or body,cells?