Deck 8: Terrorism and Evolving Security Challenges

Question 1

Of the following terrorist groups, which orchestrated the 9/11 attacks?

A) ISIS.
B) Al-Qaeda.
C) Taliban.
D) Hamas.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

International terrorism rejects ______ and defies _______.

A) International law . . . international organizations.
B) Domestic law . . . domestic institutions.
C) Sharia law . . . the Koran.
D) Sharia law . . . international organizations.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

States and international organizations develop long-term policies and specific short-term measures about terrorism that BEST are called

A) Guerrilla warfare.
B) Fight Terror campaign.
C) Geostrategy.
D) Counterterrorism.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which country did the United States invade after the 9/11 terrorist attacks?

A) Iraq.
B) Afghanistan.
C) Saudi Arabia.
D) Libya.

Question 5

According to international law, individuals suspected of terrorist acts are subject to _____, or removal from one country to another to face charges.

A) Extradition.
B) Extraordinary rendition.
C) Immunity.
D) Command and control.

Question 6

The 1972 Munich Olympics terrorist incident could BEST be referred to as

A) State terror.
B) International terrorism.
C) Domestic terrorism.
D) Guerilla warfare.

Question 7

What terrorist group attacked the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich?

A) Global jihad.
B) ISIS.
C) IRA.
D) Palestinian militants.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Future terrorist attacks may involve weapons of mass destruction.
B) Terrorist groups use political violence or threats of violence to influence governments or key decision makers.
C) Terrorist groups are often relatively easy to infiltrate.
D) Terrorists understand that they cannot defeat states and international coalitions in an open battle.

Question 9

Terrorists largely rely on ____ to compel others to comply with demands.

A) Coercion and extortion.
B) Persuasion and force.
C) Ultimatums and reparations.
D) Conversion and logic.

Question 10

The logic of terrorism is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT

A) The argument for collective responsibility.
B) The justified act of retaliation.
C) The method of last resort.
D) The self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 11

A caliphate is led by a ________ ruler.

A) Hereditary.
B) Socialist.
C) Anarchist.
D) Muslim.

Question 12

Which group sought to create an Islamic state in Iraq and Syria?

A) Al-Qaeda.
B) Red Army Faction.
C) ISIS.
D) Palestinian Liberation Organization.

Question 13

One of the groups below is NOT considered a terrorist group of the earlier waves.

A) Al-Qaeda.
B) Red Army Faction.
C) PKK.
D) Shining Path.

Question 14

Which of the groups below are NOT religion based?

A) Shining Path.
B) Al-Qaeda.
C) Hamas.
D) Hezbollah.

Question 15

Which of the following groups has NOT been defeated or largely subdued?

A) IRA.
B) RAF.
C) Red Brigades.
D) Hamas.

Question 16

______ is a Shiite group operating from Lebanon that targets Israel and its supporters.

A) Hezbollah.
B) Hamas.
C) Al-Qaeda.
D) RAF.

Question 17

The United States government is likely overall MOST concerned with cyberattacks from which of the following countries?

A) China and Russia.
B) South Korea and Japan.
C) Great Britain and France.
D) Mexico and Brazil.

Question 18

In 2009, Great Britain's Joint Intelligence Committee warned that phone components built in this country could disrupt Britain's power and food supplies:

A) Russia.
B) South Korea.
C) The United States.
D) China.

Question 19

According to realism, in 1914 the Austrian government in Vienna _____ action to punish the Serbs.

A) Should have taken swift.
B) Should have taken no.
C) Should have waited before taking.
D) Should have avoided any.

Question 20

By disrupting the ________ or posing asymmetrical threats, terrorism brings _____, which leads to international tensions.

A) Power balance . . . instability.
B) Power games . . . chaos.
C) Structural balance . . . confidence.
D) Status quo . . . stability.

Question 21

The 1914 Sarajevo assassination caused

A) A shift in the global power balance caused by nonstate actors.
B) A solidifying in global power structures that helped Austria and Germany mobilize.
C) A traumatic power shift orchestrated by the Serbian state.
D) A chain reaction that led Russia to invade Germany.

Question 22

Realist strategies of counterterrorism do NOT include

A) Monitoring.
B) Prevention.
C) Preemption.
D) Education.

Question 23

According to the liberal perspective, actions against terrorist groups

A) Should be conducted in secret.
B) Should be strictly legitimate.
C) Should be conducted only in the terrorists' home country.
D) Should be put to a vote of the people before they are carried out.

Question 24

In the view of liberalists, illegal violent actions should not cause illegal counteractions, a view termed

A) The criminalization of terrorism.
B) The decriminalization of terrorism.
C) The terrorist paradigm.
D) The terrorist law.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about liberalism is NOT true?

A) States should be free to use surveillance and prevention to combat terrorism.
B) Terrorism is a complex social and political phenomenon with interrelated causes.
C) People turn to terrorism for a reason, even if it appears to be a distorted one.
D) Terrorists recruit their support by exploiting acute social and political problems.

Question 26

As applied to explaining the causes of terrorism, constructivism has the most in common with

A) Liberalism.
B) Realism.
C) Neorealism.
D) Marxism.

Question 27

Constructivists argue that there are three fundamental pillars on which terrorism is built; this is NOT one of them:

A) Terrorists generally believe that some profound injustice has occurred.
B) Terrorists see their targets as solely responsible for this injustice.
C) Terrorists believe that Islam should prevail and stop global injustice.
D) Terrorists believe that only violence can direct attention to the injustice.

Question 28

The conflict in Northern Ireland was essentially a conflict between

A) Rich and poor.
B) The Irish and the English.
C) Protestants and Catholics.
D) Socialists and capitalists.

Question 29

The Basque separatist movement demands its independence from which country?

A) Italy.
B) Spain.
C) Portugal.
D) Greece.

Question 30

The abbreviation ETA stands for which movement?

A) Irish separatist movement.
B) Greek separatist movement.
C) Basque separatist movement.
D) French separatist movement.

Question 31

Why did terrorism NOT take root in Japan and Germany under Allied occupation following World War II?

A) Potential terrorists had no access to bomb-making materials.
B) The United States imposed draconian military law.
C) Potential terrorists had difficulty communicating with each other.
D) Defeat in war ended nearly all support for extreme nationalism.

Question 32

Which country has been primarily responsible for funding Wahhabism and Salafism, two radical forms of Islam?

A) Saudi Arabia.
B) Iran.
C) Iraq.
D) Egypt.

Question 33

Wars in these two countries were important recruiting tools for Islamic fundamentalist terrorists:

A) Spain and Argentina.
B) Turkey and Russia.
C) Vietnam and Korea.
D) Iraq and Afghanistan.

Question 34

Research has shown that although extreme violence such as suicide attacks seems ____, terrorists believe that they act with complete ____.

A) Irrational . . . rationality.
B) Rational . . . irrationality.
C) Somewhat rational . . . indifference.
D) Less irrational . . . compassion.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about terrorists is TRUE?

A) They tend to be younger.
B) They are about evenly divided between males and females.
C) They often show strong signs of mental illness.
D) They often have high levels of self-esteem.

Question 36

From a psychological perspective, terrorists usually

A) Have high levels of self-esteem.
B) Have low levels of anger.
C) Are relatively immune to group pressures.
D) Have a heightened sense of insecurity.

Question 37

The price tag for U.S. counterterrorism activities lies between

A) $3 and $5 trillion.
B) $200 and $300 million.
C) $55 and $63 billion.
D) $150 and $152 trillion.

Question 38

The Muslim Brotherhood won power elections in this country, but was later overthrown by the military:

A) Algeria.
B) Egypt.
C) Syria.
D) Iraq.

Question 39

Which of the following groups fought in Italy in the 1970s?

A) Red Brigades.
B) Red Army Faction.
C) ETA.
D) IRA.

Question 40

Guerrilla warfare is BEST described as

A) Political violence by identifiable, irregular combat units, usually to seize state power, win autonomy, or found new states.
B) Random acts of violence by specific, radical fighter groups to overthrow multinational corporations.
C) Freedom fighters that combat in the name of Allah mostly in Latin America and Asia.
D) Separatist groups that fight for more political rights generally against other power-striving paramilitary combat units.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about terrorism and the international system is TRUE?

A) The international system is now quite resilient, so terrorists cannot trigger a global war.
B) There is currently no concert of great powers to counteract terrorist activities.
C) Many states are now safe havens for terrorists and will remain so.
D) Violent ideologies outside of militant Islamic fundamentalism are an increasing threat to states and the international system.

Question 42

Which wave of terrorism occurred first?

A) Anarchism.
B) Anticolonialism.
C) Radical Communism.
D) Religious.

Question 43

Which wave of terrorism occurred second?

A) Anarchism.
B) Anticolonialism.
C) Radical Communism.
D) Religious.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the new terrorism wave?

A) Terrorists have increasingly resorted to attacks on civilian populations to achieve greater carnage and more headlines.
B) Terrorism's operations have become global.
C) Terror cells have one central point of command.
D) Terrorists more often operate in small, loosely connected groups.

Question 45

______is the glorification of personal destruction in the name of a particular goal.

A) Martyrdom.
B) Suicide bombing.
C) Running amok.
D) Metamorphosis.

Question 46

Osama bin Laden was born into a wealthy family from

A) Jordan.
B) Egypt.
C) Saudi Arabia.
D) Tunisia.

Question 47

As an adolescent, Osama bin Laden _____ strong fundamentalist views of Islam.

A) Accepted.
B) Refused.
C) Questioned.
D) Was indifferent to.

Question 48

An Afghani suicide bomber attacking a U.S. target engages in

A) Sharia.
B) Jihad.
C) Counterterrorism.
D) Guerrilla warfare.

Question 49

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 brought ______ to the battlefield to fight for Islam.

A) Bin Laden.
B) Rambo.
C) Qaddafi.
D) Che Guevara.

Question 50

Bin Laden referred to Great Satan, indicating

A) The Soviet Union.
B) The United States.
C) Afghanistan.
D) Pakistan.

Question 51

For al-Qaeda, the two main enemies are

A) Iran and Afghanistan.
B) Christianity and the United States.
C) Europe and international banking.
D) Western civilization and Israel.

Question 52

What does the term counterterrorism stand for?

Question 53

Name and explain three forms of terrorism.

Question 54

What is cyberterrorism and why is it a security threat?

Question 55

Describe and define the logic of terrorism.

Question 56

Name and explain some ideological foundations of terrorism.

Question 57

What is cyberterrorism?

Question 58

List key tools of cyberwarfare.

Question 59

What does RAF stand for and what were its goals?

Question 60

Explain the term Sharia law.

Question 61

What do we understand by asymmetrical threats?

Question 62

What are the three pillars of terrorism according to constructivists?

Question 63

What is the new terrorism?

Question 64

Who was Osama bin Laden and why was he important for international relations?

Question 65

What is the Muslim Brotherhood?

Question 66

Define and explain the term jihad.

Question 67

What happened at the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972?

Question 68

Explain the term Red Brigades.

Question 69

What is political Islam?

Question 70

What are preemptive strategies?

Question 71

Define the term homeland security.

Question 72

What is a caliphate and why is the term important today?

Question 73

What are the key characteristics of guerrilla warfare?

Question 74

What are preemptive policies?

Question 75

Discuss the pros and cons of government strategies to define and label terrorist groups in society.

Question 76

Identify and analyze a constructivist approach to combating international terrorism.

Question 77

Have realist approaches to fight international terrorism been successful? Discuss.

Question 78

Has the nature of terrorism changed over time? Draw on specific examples to support your claims.

Question 79

Using an empirical example of your choice, discuss the concept of asymmetrical threats.

Question 80

Analyze the liberalist view of terrorism and discuss the value of its counterterrorism strategies.