Deck 18: Focus On Understanding Your Health Inheritance

Question 1

Traits are inherited via a specific bundle of DNA known as a

A) nucleic acid.
B) double helix.
C) chromosome.
D) genome.

Answer 1

chromosome.

Question 2

A karyotype is a complete set of chromosomes that contains how many pairs?

A) 21
B) 22
C) 23
D) 24

Answer 2

23

Question 3

X-linked dominant disorders

A) only affect females.
B) are fairly common.
C) are extremely rare.
D) only affect males.

Answer 3

are extremely rare.

Question 4

The trait of a recessive allele will only be expressed

A) in the presence of a dominant allele.
B) in the absence of a dominant allele.
C) if both parents have the trait.
D) if neither parent has the trait.

Question 5

An allele can be described as

A) dominant or absent.
B) active or passive.
C) single-gene or multifactorial.
D) dominant or recessive.

Question 6

When a cell prepares to divide, its DNA organizes into 46 distinct bundles called

A) genomes.
B) chromosomes.
C) genes.
D) alleles.

Question 7

There are 22 pairs of body chromosomes and how many pairs of sex chromosomes?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 8

Single-gene disorders are classified according to the type of allele (recessive or dominant) and the type of

A) diagnosis.
B) treatment.
C) chromosome.
D) karotype.

Question 9

Different forms of the same gene are known as

A) autosomes.
B) pairs.
C) alleles.
D) mutations.

Question 10

The XX or XY chromosomes determine your

A) eye color.
B) hair color.
C) gender.
D) build.

Question 11

A defect in a single gene is known as a(n)

A) carrier.
B) allele.
C) mutation.
D) link.

Question 12

A complete set of chromosomes arranged into pairs by size is a(n)

A) inheritance.
B) allele.
C) karyotype.
D) imprint.

Question 13

What code do genes contain?

A) The code for assembling a particular protein
B) The code for DNA
C) The code for RNA
D) The code for assembling a particular chromosome

Question 14

Genes are expressed as

A) molecules.
B) proteins.
C) codes.
D) enzymes.

Question 15

A double-helix shaped acid molecule in the nucleus of a cell that stores genetic material is

A) a chromosome.
B) DNA.
C) a gene.
D) RNA.

Question 16

The branch of biology that studies the human genome, its variations, and inheritance is

A) microbiology.
B) social science.
C) genetics.
D) gerontology.

Question 17

All of the genetic information an organism possesses is its

A) genome.
B) chromosome.
C) gene.
D) allele.

Question 18

People with one dominant normal allele and one recessive abnormal allele who don't develop the related disorder are known as

A) mutants.
B) carriers.
C) recessives.
D) dominants.

Question 19

Disorders in which genes play a role but are also affected by environmental conditions are

A) multifactorial disorders.
B) multiple-gene disorders.
C) single-gene disorders.
D) social disorders.

Question 20

Hemophilia and color blindness are

A) autosomal recessive disorders.
B) autosomal dominant disorders.
C) X-linked recessive disorders.
D) X-linked dominant disorders.

Question 21

The 23ʳᵈ pair of chromosomes, which are either XX or XY, are known as the

A) autosomes.
B) sex chromosomes.
C) dominant pair.
D) recessive pair.

Question 22

Preventive behaviors will not change your risk of an inherited disease.

Question 23

A dominant allele always

A) recedes in the presence of another allele.
B) expresses the trait it codes for.
C) produces the stronger of two traits.
D) exists on the X chromosome.

Question 24

A recessive allele doesn't express a given trait in the presence of

A) a dominant allele.
B) a similar allele.
C) an allele on the Y chromosome.
D) an allele on the X chromosome.

Question 25

What percentage of the human DNA sequence makes each person unique?

A) 0.1%
B) 0.2%
C) 0.3%
D) 0.4%

Question 26

Pair 23 is a human's one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 27

Each gene is a sequence of chemical instructions for combining which substances into a specific protein?

A) ribonucleic acids.
B) nucleic acids.
C) fatty acids.
D) amino acids.

Question 28

Research suggests that what percentage of an adult's intelligence level is determined by genetics?

A) 40%
B) 45%
C) 50%
D) 55%

Question 29

One of several possible variants of the same gene is a(n)

A) mutation.
B) adaptation.
C) trait.
D) allele.

Question 30

DNA stores the genetic code for each person.

Question 31

Twins are often studied in behavioral genetics because

A) their environment has been similar.
B) they have the same DNA.
C) they will mimic each other's behavior.
D) they have many shared memories.

Question 32

A common chromosome disorder is

A) hemophilia.
B) Down syndrome.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) muscular dystrophy.

Question 33

Albinism, Tay-Sachs disease, and cystic fibrosis are examples of

A) X-linked recessive disorders.
B) X-lined dominant disorders.
C) autosomal recessive disorders.
D) autosomal dominant disorders.

Question 34

The science that studies the role inheritance plays in human actions and interactions is

A) behavioral genetics.
B) predictive genetics.
C) environmental genetics.
D) psychological genetics.

Question 35

Why is color blindness more common in males than in females?

A) It is coded by a damaged allele.
B) It is coded by a dominant allele.
C) It is carried by a gene on the Y chromosome.
D) It is carried by gene on the X chromosome.

Question 36

Inheritance is a one of the primary determinants of health.

Question 37

Psychiatric disorders with a genetic connection include

A) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
B) clinical depression and anxiety disorder.
C) bipolar disorder and PTSD.
D) personality disorder and schizophrenia.

Question 38

Genes are contained in the DNA.

Question 39

A chromosome disorder can occur if an extra chromosome is present or if a chromosome is

A) damaged or missing.
B) carried or duplicated.
C) weakened or flattening.
D) misshapen or enlarged.

Question 40

The process by which physical and biological characteristics (traits) are transmitted from parents to their offspring is known as

A) genetics.
B) transmission.
C) inheritance.
D) mutation.

Question 41

A father's genetic contribution determines his child's sex.

Question 42

In autosomal dominant disorders, a parent does not manifest the disease.

Question 43

All cells and tissues of the human body are composed of proteins.

Question 44

Genes are the factor that most strongly predicts addictive behaviors.

Question 45

When a child inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21, Tay-Sachs disease occurs.

Question 46

Some genetic disorders are caused by mutations in a single gene.

Question 47

Sharing your family health history with your health care provider can help you work together to prevent certain diseases and can be useful as part of diagnosis and treatment.

Question 48

A carrier of a genetic disease has one copy of an autosome with a recessive allele for a particular trait, but is unaffected by it.

Question 49

Human body cells have two sets of 23 chromosomes, one set from each parent.

Question 50

Some researchers believe that nearly all disorders have a genetic component.

Question 51

No association has been found between genetic disorders and ethnicity.

Question 52

Human DNA contains more than 30,000 genes.

Question 53

A family health history is a record of health information about close relatives who have died.

Question 54

A single-gene disorder that occurs in males who have inherited one copy of an X chromosome with the affected recessive allele is known as an X-linked recessive disorder.

Question 55

Bipolar disorder (formerly known as manic-depression) is more common among people with a family member who also has the disorder.

Question 56

A total of 44 chromosomes from the parents determine the traits of their child.

Question 57

Genetic counseling can help families evaluate their options if a genetic disease is detected through testing.

Question 58

Susceptibility to chronic diseases is not inherited.

Question 59

There are no risks associated with genetic testing.

Question 60

A person's lifestyle and behavioral choices do not play a role in multifactorial disorders.

Question 61

List the three primary types of genetic diseases.

Question 62

List the four common types of single-gene disorders.

Question 63

Explain at least four reasons that genetic testing is performed.

Question 64

Multifactorial disorders are caused by a combination of genetics and other factors. List the five other factors that play a role in the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Question 65

List three psychiatric disorders known to have a genetic component.