Question 1

The definition of literacy has grown and expanded. Students must now be able to navigate what types of text?&#10;A) In print&#10;B) In technological realms&#10;C) Both&#10;D) Neither

Accepted Answer

The question explicitly mentions that the definition of literacy has expanded, indicating that students must now be able to navigate both print and technological texts. Therefore, the best choice is C, Both.

Question 2

Which of the following is the best definition of a constructivist model of learning?&#10;A) Reading, writing, and thinking enjoy a reciprocal relationship&#10;B) Explicit instruction and systematic teaching&#10;C) An active building of one's own understanding in all literacy activities&#10;D) A &#34;thought-getting process.&#34;

Accepted Answer

A constructivist model of learning emphasizes the active construction of one's own understanding and knowledge through meaningful learning experiences. This approach values student-centered, inquiry-based learning where learners are encouraged to ask questions, make connections, and reflect on their thinking. It is in contrast to explicit instruction and systematic teaching, which is more teacher-centered and focused on transmitting knowledge from teacher to student. Option A simply refers to the relationship between different literacy skills, while option D is not a recognized term in education.

Question 3

A balanced and comprehensive approach to literacy in grades 4-8 includes which of the following?&#10;A) Quality literature with personal response and analysis&#10;B) Instruction in word identification, vocabulary, and comprehension strategies&#10;C) Development of oral and written language and visual learning&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

A balanced and comprehensive approach to literacy in grades 4-8 includes all of the above mentioned components, i.e. quality literature with personal response and analysis, instruction in word identification, vocabulary, and comprehension strategies, and development of oral and written language and visual learning. Each of these components plays a crucial role in building students' reading and writing skills, and developing their overall literacy proficiency. Therefore, a balanced approach that includes all these components is essential for effective literacy instruction in grades 4-8.

Question 4

What is a major difference between primary and intermediate/middle grades literacy instruction?&#10;A) Early literacy instruction has its major focus on learning to read; middle grades instruction is mainly on reading to learn&#10;B) Early literacy instruction is explicit; middle grades instruction is implicit&#10;C) Early literacy instruction uses oral reading; middle grades literacy instruction uses only silent reading&#10;D) Early literacy instruction is teacher-based; middle grades instruction is student-based.

Accepted Answer

The major difference between primary and intermediate/middle grades literacy instruction is that early literacy instruction has its primary focus on learning to read, whereas middle grades instruction is mainly on reading to learn. In other words, early literacy instruction teaches students how to read, while middle grades instruction focuses on developing reading comprehension skills for understanding, analyzing, and interpreting complex texts.

Question 5

Why are explanations and examples helpful to students in the middle grades?&#10;A) They are often less time consuming than other techniques.&#10;B) They show the learner how to decode more fluently.&#10;C) They provide a social aspect to direct instruction.&#10;D) They show how proficient readers construct text in order to comprehend written material.

Accepted Answer

Explanations and examples help middle grade students understand how proficient readers construct text in order to comprehend written material. This can enhance their own reading comprehension skills and ability to decode text.

Question 6

What are some ways in which teachers can model comprehension strategies?&#10;A) Writer's workshop&#10;B) Guided reading procedure&#10;C) Minilessons&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of these methods are effective ways for teachers to model comprehension strategies. In writer's workshop, teachers can model effective reading comprehension strategies by using mentor texts to illustrate how authors use comprehension strategies to enhance their own writing. During guided reading, teachers can model comprehension strategies by guiding students through the process of analyzing text and making meaning from it. In minilessons, teachers can provide explicit instruction on specific comprehension strategies and model how to apply them in various contexts. All of these methods provide opportunities for teachers to demonstrate the thinking processes involved in comprehension, helping students develop their own comprehension skills.

Question 7

Rather than assigning texts to students or writing prompts and expecting students to know what to do with them, it is essential to teach students which of the following skills and strategies?&#10;A) Isolated skills that have been modeled and explained&#10;B) Strategies that will allow them to become independent readers and writers&#10;C) Skills that will allow them to engage in discussion to foster critical thinking&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

It is important to teach students a variety of skills and strategies, including isolated skills that have been modeled and explained, strategies that will allow them to become independent readers and writers, and skills that will allow them to engage in discussion to foster critical thinking. By teaching a range of skills and strategies, students will be better equipped to analyze and understand texts, as well as to create their own effective writing.

Question 8

How can students best practice literacy skills in a social setting?&#10;A) Ask them to talk about what they are reading and writing.&#10;B) Have them write about what they read.&#10;C) Place students who are not proficient in English in a group by themselves.&#10;D) Give students worksheets that promote skill building and check their answers.

Accepted Answer

By engaging in conversations about what they are reading and writing, students can practice and improve their literacy skills in a social setting. This allows them to actively use and incorporate new vocabulary and grammar structures in their speech, which can ultimately enhance their overall language abilities. Additionally, discussing their thoughts and opinions about texts with others can promote critical thinking and analysis skills.

Question 9

Students are no longer restricted to reading text from beginning to end. Instead, they may read text in which of the following ways?&#10;A) Linearly&#10;B) In layers, or nonlinearly&#10;C) Out loud&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

With the development of digital technology, students now have the option to read text in different ways, including in layers and nonlinearly. This means they can skip around, jump back and forth, and interact with the text in a non-linear way. The other options, linear reading and reading out loud, are still valid ways of reading but are not the only ways available to students today.

Question 10

What is the major way a balanced and comprehensive approach to literacy differs from a more traditional approach?&#10;A) In its view of the importance of phonics&#10;B) In its view of who holds the responsibility for meaning-making from text&#10;C) In its view of what constitutes quality literature&#10;D) In its view of which skills should be taught

Accepted Answer

A balanced and comprehensive approach to literacy recognizes that meaning-making from text is a shared responsibility between the reader and the text, whereas a more traditional approach views the responsibility solely resting on the reader. This can lead to a focus solely on decoding skills and neglecting comprehension and critical thinking skills. A balanced and comprehensive approach also includes a wider range of literacy skills, such as phonics, fluency, comprehension, vocabulary development, and critical thinking skills, whereas a traditional approach may prioritize certain skills over others.

Question 11

__________ is a continuum of skills-including reading, writing, speaking, listening, viewing, visually representing, and critical thinking-to be applied in a social context to enable a person to function effectively in his or her group or community.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a continuum of skills-including reading,...

Question 12

A belief that students must actively build their own understandings of all reading, writing, listening, and speaking activities is at the heart of the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A belief that students must actively build...

Question 13

Students are using a __________ when they put all their global decoding and comprehension skills together to think about a text.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Students are using a __________ when they...

Question 14

When students are engaged in reading and predicting what they think will happen next, they are engaged in a __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When students are engaged in reading and...

Question 15

When students compare their knowledge with new knowledge provided by an author in a text, they are engaged in __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When students compare their knowledge with new...

Question 16

When students have a purpose for reading in mind and use an appropriate strategy for that purpose, they are using a __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When students have a purpose for reading...

Question 17

__________ involves a complex set of ongoing attitudes and activities that occur in the classroom environment, leading to the creation of a community of learners.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ involves a complex set of ongoing...

Question 18

A model of instruction that focuses primarily on the teacher's direct imparting of knowledge through explicit instruction is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A model of instruction that focuses primarily...

Question 19

A focus on negotiating with students about their individual thoughts and ideas about what they are reading and writing is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A focus on negotiating with students about...

Question 20

__________ must never be merely tolerated but actively celebrated by the teacher as well as the students.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ must never be merely tolerated but...

Deck 1: A Comprehensive Literacy Program for Grades 4-8