Deck 5: Organizing and Sending Messages

Question 1

"When I go home for the holidays, the first day my parents will ask a lot of questions about the classes I'm taking and my grades. The second day they will focus on who I am dating and how I act on dates. By the third day, talk will turn to relatives and events in their lives. That's how it always goes on visits home." This description of a visit at home best represents a(n):

A) Prototype
B) Event schema
C) Stereotype
D) Self schema
E) Role schema

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Jackie is a doctor, so she is socially conservative. This is an example of a(n):

A) Stereotype
B) Prototype
C) Event schema
D) Role schema
E) Social script

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Schema theory assumes all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) Most people feel comfortable when their attitudes, beliefs, and values fit together.
B) We are naïve scientists.
C) We seek explanations for our own and other people's behaviors.
D) We tend to surround ourselves with others who challenge what we think and how we think.
E) We organize information as efficiently as possible to make everyday life more manageable.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When she attended her cousin's wedding, Micah was puzzled when she saw the groom wearing a white tuxedo, the bride wearing a black dress, and the couple exchanging their own vows without the assistance of a minister. What type of schema was Micah's cousin violating?

A) A self schema
B) An event schema
C) A social script
D) All of the above
E) Only B and C

Question 5

The fact that people who are highly homophobic are more likely than others to perceive affectionate behavior between men as sexual in nature illustrates which concept from schema theory?

A) A person schema
B) Assimilation
C) A perceptual set
D) A social script
E) A bookkeeping model

Question 6

A football fan who has grown up watching the NFL his entire life might change his schema for "football" after watching his first season of arena football. This example best illustrates which of the following models of schema change?

A) The conversion model
B) The subtyping model
C) The bookkeeping model
D) The assimilation model
E) The expertise model

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an interpersonal construct?

A) Kind-unkind
B) Intelligent-unintelligent
C) Friendly-extroverted
D) Patient-impatient
E) Sane-insane

Question 8

Brock is attempting to persuade his mother to give him more money for this month's bills. As part of his persuasive strategy, he reminds his mother about how difficult it was for her to make ends meet on a minimum-wage job and how she sometimes had to ask her dad for money. Brock is attempting to use the __________ concept in constructivism.

A) Prototype
B) Stereotype
C) Social script
D) Person-centeredness
E) Personal construct

Question 9

According to constructivism theory, personal constructs that are highly developed are:

A) More differentiated
B) More organized
C) More abstract
D) All of the above
E) A and B only

Question 10

All of the following statements about person-centered messages are true, EXCEPT:

A) Person-centered messages are tailored to conversational partners.
B) Person-centered messages are necessary for most everyday tasks.
C) Multiple message plans contribute to the use of person-centered messages.
D) Person-centered messages are attentive to conversational goals.
E) Competent communicators know how and when to use person-centered messages.

Question 11

Andrew is more motivated to attend class and participate in class discussions because he perceives that his instructor is kind, intelligent, caring, and humorous. According to constructivism theory, Andrew is using which of the following concepts to make sense of his instructor's behavior?

A) Interpersonal constructs
B) Cognitive complexity
C) Person-centeredness
D) Comforting communication
E) A prototype

Question 12

Constructivism theory advances all of the following claims, EXCEPT:

A) People who are cognitively complex are likely to produce person-centered messages.
B) The availability of message plans contributes to the use of highly person-centered messages.
C) Cognitively complex people are more skillful communicators.
D) Although important, cognitive complexity is not associated with a person's ability to generate multiple goals for social situations.
E) People who are skilled at social perception are likely to produce person-centered messages.

Question 13

People are more likely to use person-centered messages when they believe:

A) They really want to achieve a certain outcome.
B) They are incapable of achieving a certain outcome.
C) It is appropriate for them to use person-centered communication.
D) All of the above.
E) A and C only.

Question 14

When communicators feel misunderstood, they tend to repeat themselves in a louder voice and with a slower rate of speech, even though the other person may have heard them the first time. According to Berger's planning theory, this tendency reflects which of the following concepts?

A) Cognitive complexity
B) Planning
C) The hierarchy principle
D) Plan complexity
E) Action fluidity

Question 15

One of the greatest challenges facing parents who decide to divorce is knowing when to tell their children, what to tell their children, and how best to tell them about the divorce. Which of the following theories is best suited to help parents with these decisions?

A) Schema theory
B) Planning theory
C) Constructivism
D) Dramatism
E) Symbolic interactionism

Question 16

Charles Berger's planning theory emerged from which of the following paradigms?

A) The interpretive paradigm
B) The critical paradigm
C) The post-modern paradigm
D) The post-positivist paradigm
E) The social constructionist paradigm

Question 17

Planning theory assumes all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) Accomplishing goals requires only the plans necessary for producing effective social action.
B) The knowledge structures we use to guide our actions comes from both mediated and unmediated experiences.
C) Our actions are based on our interpretations of behaviors, not on the behaviors themselves.
D) The process of interpreting our observations is largely subconscious.
E) Our knowledge of goals and plans enables us to understand the actions of others.

Question 18

Lindsey spent little time planning how to ask her parents for money before making her request. As a result, she stammered and paused when they asked her to move back home, which revealed her frustrations and reduced her chances of success. According to planning theory, Lindsey's unsuccessful attempt to get money from her parents was affected by:

A) The hierarchy principle
B) The plan complexity
C) Her action fluidity
D) Her goals
E) Her archetype

Question 19

____ motivate social action, but _____ guide that action.

A) Actions; goals
B) Plans; goals
C) Plans; actions
D) Goals; plans
E) Behaviors; goals

Question 20

Planning theory makes all of the following claims, EXCEPT:

A) When plans are thwarted, we feel negative emotions such as frustration, anxiety, and stress.
B) As the motivation to reach a social goal increases, the complexity of plans tends to increase as well.
C) The more strategic and complex knowledge a person possesses on a particular topic, the more likely that person is to use complex plans.
D) Communicators who anticipate their partners' responses are more effective than those who do not.
E) When efficiency is more important than politeness, people tend to use more complex plans.

Question 21

Planning theory assumes that humans are naïve scientists.

Question 22

According to schema theory, schemas begin when an individual encounters a new idea or concept for the first time.

Question 23

According to constructivism, people who are cognitively complex are more likely than those who are not to produce person-centered messages.

Question 24

The hierarchy principle states that changing plans at abstract levels is easier than changing plans at specific levels.

Question 25

According to planning theory, as the motivation to reach a social goal increases, the complexity of plans tends to increase as well.

Question 26

The organized knowledge structures that we use to make sense of different phenomena are referred to as _______.

Question 27

When we identify a group we believe another person belongs to, recall some generalization offers often make about the people in that group, and apply that generalization to the person, we are using a _______.

Question 28

Individuals who are highly skilled when it comes to understanding people, relationships, and social interaction are referred to as _________.

Question 29

The fluency with which a plan is enacted is called ______.

Question 30

According to Charles Berger, the _______ explains that changing plans at specific levels is easier than changing plans at abstract levels.