Deck 7: Discourse and Change

Question 1

Which of the following scholars is primarily responsible for developing structuration theory?

A) Marshall Scott Poole
B) Anthony Giddens
C) Howard Giles
D) Karl Marx
E) Everett Rogers

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The idea that every group or organization has a natural life cycle that includes its birth, development, maturation, and death best illustrates which assumption of structuration theory?

A) Every person has a great deal of knowledge about the conditions that reproduce society.
B) All people have some degree of understanding about the language and practices of the systems to which they contribute.
C) The social reproduction of organizations and institutions involves the interplay of stability and change.
D) Social development over time is influenced by the strong traditions of social life.
E) Any discussion about social or organizational reproduction must account for time and space.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The ability to ride a bicycle involves _____ knowledge, but the ability to explain how to ride one is ______ knowledge.

A) Practical; discursive
B) Discursive; practical
C) Explicit; unconscious
D) Structural; explicit
E) Unconscious; practical

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Instead of having students raise their hands to ask a question in class, Dr. Schrodt tells his students that they should place their hands behind their head when they want to ask a question. According to structuration theory, the raising of hands to ask questions in class represents a(n) _____, and the fact that Dr. Schrodt mentions the raising of hands in his effort to change how students will ask questions in his class represents the ________.

A) Structure; system
B) System; duality of structure
C) Structure; duality of structure
D) Discourse; practical consciousness
E) Rule; resources

Question 5

Rules as domination indicate control or power over the _____ world, whereas resource allocation as domination indicates power or control over the ______ world.

A) Discursive; practical
B) Practical; discursive
C) Material; social
D) Social; material
E) Systematic; rational

Question 6

Although she meant to help students by providing her PowerPoint lectures online, Dr. Carr had no idea that her students would use the notes as an excuse to skip class. Which of the following concepts from structuration theory does this example best illustrate?

A) Unacknowledged conditions of action
B) Unintended consequences of action
C) System integration
D) Rationalization of action
E) Duality of structure

Question 7

Poole, DeSanctis, and McPhee adapted structuration theory to examine which of the following issues?

A) Group decision-making and communication technologies
B) Coparenting relationships in stepfamilies
C) Group support systems and task-oriented groups
D) All of the above
E) A and C only

Question 8

Which of the following structures refers to the reasons we give for our actions in the context of daily life?

A) Reflexive monitoring of action
B) Principles of integration
C) Rationalization of action
D) Unacknowledged conditions of action
E) Conflict

Question 9

All of the following individuals helped contribute to diffusion of innovations theory, EXCEPT:

A) Howard Giles
B) Everett Rogers
C) Gabriel Tarde
D) Bryce Ryan
E) Neal Goss

Question 10

In their influential diffusion research, professors Ryan and Goss found which of the following factors to be most influential in farmers' decisions to adopt the innovation of hybrid corn seed?

A) The personalities of the farmers
B) The timing of when farmers planted and harvested crops
C) The interpersonal networks and social modeling between adopters and potential adopters
D) Whether or not early adopters approved of the corn seed
E) The number of laggards who adopted the innovation

Question 11

Despite having several colleagues and students recommend Venmo, Dr. Ledbetter remained suspicious of the financial application and questioned the wisdom of using it to conduct transactions. According to diffusion of innovations theory, Dr. Ledbetter would be classified as:

A) An early adopter
B) Part of the early majority
C) An opinion leader
D) Part of the late majority
E) A laggard

Question 12

All of the following statements about early and later adopters are true, EXCEPT:

A) Early adopters have more years of formal education than later adopters.
B) Later adopters are less dogmatic than early adopters.
C) Early adopters participate in more social interaction
D) Later adopters are less empathic than early adopters.
E) Early adopters have higher literacy than later adopters.

Question 13

Diffusion of innovations theory makes which of the following assumptions?

A) Adoption of innovations is an index of social intelligence.
B) Changes that stem from innovation adoption occur primarily through communication processes and channels.
C) The diffusion of any innovation is a time-consuming process.
D) All of the above.
E) B and C only.

Question 14

Prior to the release of the iPhone 12, Apple ran a series commercial advertisements designed to build consumer excitement for the new product. This best illustrates which of the following elements of diffusion of innovations theory?

A) Relative advantage
B) Compatibility
C) Communication channels
D) Observability
E) Diffusion

Question 15

According to Everett Rogers, innovators are people who have:

A) An adventurous personality and substantial financial resources.
B) An ability to understand complex technical knowledge.
C) An ability to cope with high levels of uncertainty.
D) All of the above.
E) A and B only.

Question 16

Communication accommodation theory contains elements of all of the following social psychological theories, EXCEPT:

A) Burke's dramatism theory
B) Byrne's similarity-attraction paradigm
C) Heider's attribution theory
D) Social exchange theories
E) Tajfel's theory of intergroup relations

Question 17

Although she loves her grandmother, Mckenzie has grown tired of listening to her grandmother talk about how lazy and entitled millennials seem to be. According to communication accommodation theory, Mckenzie views her grandmother's talk as:

A) Non-accommodating
B) Under-accommodating
C) Over-accommodating
D) Accommodating
E) Hyper-accommodating

Question 18

Louise finds her assisted care nurse to be condescending because she constantly refers to Louise as "my dear" and "sweetie." According to communication accommodation theory, Louise's nurse may be guilty of:

A) Under-accommodation
B) Non-accommodation
C) Accommodation
D) Maintenance
E) Over-accommodation

Question 19

Communication accommodation theory makes all of the following assumptions, EXCEPT:

A) Communication accommodation comprises the range of strategies wherein speaker "attune" their talk to characteristics of the other.
B) Communication is influenced by people's orientations to interaction.
C) A person's degree of convergence and management of social distance occurs independent of the social and historical context.
D) Through communication, people negotiate their memberships in various social categories.
E) Individuals inhabit different speech communities, and these speech communities reinforce the identity and values of the individual and the group.

Question 20

_______ is the process whereby individuals shift their speech styles to become more like that of those with whom they are interacting, whereas ______ is the process of using verbal of nonverbal behavior to differentiate oneself from other.

A) Similarity; dissimilarity
B) Similarity; divergence
C) Divergence; convergence
D) Convergence; divergence
E) Accommodation; non-accommodation

Question 21

Structuration theory is focused solely on the abilities of social systems to constrain the individuals who inhabit them.

Question 22

The duality of structure refers to the idea that social structures both enable and constrain human agency.

Question 23

Both diffusion of innovations theory and communication accommodation theory incorporate the ideas of convergence and divergence.

Question 24

According to diffusion of innovations theory, mass media are more effective than interpersonal interactions at persuading individuals to adopt an innovation.

Question 25

Under-accommodation is the process wherein people appear to condescend to others because they are trying too hard to increase social connection.

Question 26

The way people talk and use texts in social interaction is referred to as ______.

Question 27

One way to think about _____ is to think about the degree to which you have freedom to do what you want versus the degree to which you are controlled or constrained.

Question 28

According to Giddens, the recursive nature of social practices is called ________.

Question 29

Rogers viewed diffusion as a special type of communication that focuses on messages about ________.

Question 30

Communication ______ is likely to increase social distance in interpersonal interactions, whereas communication ______ is likely to decrease social distance.