Deck 4: Group Interaction From Two to Millions

Question 1

Continued interaction with others is vital to an infant's survival, and thus to the human race.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Groups, aggregates, and categories are the same thing.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Symbolic interaction among members is the foremost prerequisite for a group.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Primary groups differ from secondary groups on the basis of size alone.

Question 5

The interactions at a corner gas station are secondary.

Question 6

Small groups form the basis of modern industrial societies.

Question 7

The largest group to which we belong is our family.

Question 8

The concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft resemble those of primary and secondary group.

Question 9

Individuals and groups interact through social processes.

Question 10

Cooperation and competition are social processes, but conflict is not.

Question 11

A social system is an imaginary model of how social relationships work.

Question 12

Role conflict and role confusion are common in modern societies.

Question 13

Failure to carry out successfully the roles for which individuals are prepared may result in frustration and even in mental illness.

Question 14

In American society, the individual has complete freedom of action.

Question 15

Reference groups provide patterns of behavior for individuals.

Question 16

A number of people make up a group if there is some kind of communication among them that results in mutual adjustment of behavior.

Question 17

The smallest of groups consists of two members and is called a triad.

Question 18

Achieved status is more prevalent than ascribed status in industrial societies.

Question 19

Gemeinschaft societies are large and heterogeneous, just as modern industrial societies.

Question 20

Social organization may be defined as the network of patterned behavior that is the product of interaction.

Question 21

People usually experience consistency in their statuses because all statuses are equally important in a person's life.

Question 22

Generally, one performs some social roles better than others because some roles are considered more important than others.

Question 23

The patterned and recurring ways in which individuals and groups interact make up the social structure.

Question 24

In groups are those that confer upon their members a social identity.

Question 25

Groups such as fraternities, clubs, and occupational cliques are involuntary organizations.

Question 26

The family is the prime example of a(n):

A) Gesellschaft
B) secondary group
C) voluntary group
D) primary group

Question 27

If the daughter of a factory worker wants to become the president of the company for which her father works, we may assume that:

A) she has a different reference group than her social class would indicate
B) her father has special connections to the boss
C) the daughter likes to daydream
D) she has been reading too many yuppie biographies

Question 28

Which is false of reference groups? They:

A) provide standards against which we measure ourselves
B) are important during socialization
C) affect our values, goals, attitudes, and behavior
D) are groups to which we belong from birth on

Question 29

Faulty role performance:

A) may create much stress
B) sometimes occurs by chance
C) could mean that another role is being performed well
D) all of the above

Question 30

Which of the following is likely to be an involuntary group? The:

A) Boston Bruins
B) Ku Klux Klan
C) campaign staff working for presidential candidate
D) the Smith family

Question 31

A reference group is a(n):

A) group of which one is a member without having asked to be
B) formal or informal organization to which one belongs
C) hierarchical system in an organization
D) group to which an individual aspires to belong

Question 32

When interaction is guided by shared and patterned expectations of behavior, the social system has acquired a(n):

A) social process
B) social structure
C) social stability
D) social value system

Question 33

Which is not an element of social structure?

A) Norms
B) Statistics
C) Statuses
D) Roles

Question 34

Which is an ascribed status?

A) Black female
B) President of the U. S.
C) Exotic dancer
D) Thief

Question 35

Role conflicts tend to occur:

A) over scarce resources
B) within aggregates
C) because we must fulfill several demanding roles simultaneously
D) all of the above

Question 36

Emotional stress and maladjustment may occur as a result of:

A) faulty role performance
B) status inconsistency
C) improperly learned roles
D) all of the above

Question 37

Which of the following is a group?

A) commuters riding a train
B) spectators watching the construction of a building
C) lines of people at a supermarket checkout counter
D) softball players performing in a playoff tournament

Question 38

Which of the following would fit Charles Horton Cooley's classification of a primary group?

A) Redheads
B) Tourists visiting a resort
C) A married couple
D) A sales clerk and a customer

Question 39

The allocation of tasks to particular individuals who specialize in performing them is referred to as:

A) division of labor
B) status fulfillment
C) ascribed status
D) status specialization

Question 40

Studying interaction within a human family would occur on a:

A) microsocial level
B) macrosocial level
C) macroscopic level
D) microscopic level

Question 41

Studying the interaction between government and the economy would occur on a:

A) microsocial level
B) macrosocial level
C) second hand level
D) macroscopic level

Question 42

Social systems are based on:

A) expectations as to the behavior of others
B) chaos
C) haphazard behavior
D) disorganization

Question 43

Social structure refers to:

A) biological cell patterns
B) norms, roles, and groups in a social system
C) patterns of individual behavior
D) what the individual becomes in society

Question 44

Norms are:

A) social rules of behavior
B) institutions
C) roles
D) name given to certain kinds of laws

Question 45

A mother preparing lunch for her child is an example of a (n):

A) status
B) role
C) macrolevel behavior
D) unliberated woman

Question 46

A general in an army chart of command positions would constitute a:

A) status
B) role
C) norm
D) institution

Question 47

Statuses are based on:

A) division of labor
B) age
C) gender
D) all of the above

Question 48

In the United States, a college degree is generally associated with:

A) achieved status
B) ascribed status
C) no status
D) castes

Question 49

chieved status would be especially important in:

A) ancient Egypt
B) 19th century India
C) feudal Europe
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 50

The master status of George Washington was:

A) husband
B) president
C) dog owner
D) jogger

Question 51

A police officer follows a speeding car and when the car finally stops, she is horrified to discover her husband at the wheel. In giving him a ticket, she experiences:

A) fear of a divorce
B) role conflict
C) no role involvement
D) a master status

Question 52

A working wife and mother is likely to encounter:

A) no role involvement
B) role happiness
C) role strain
D) the best of both roles

Question 53

The smallest group is constituted by the:

A) triad
B) quadrad
C) dyad
D) monad

Question 54

The largest group to which a person belongs is:

A) triad
B) family
C) primary group
D) society
E) none of the above

Question 55

A secondary group is characterized by:

A) small size
B) daily contact
C) intimacy
D) formal interaction

Question 56

A good example of a primary group is:

A) the U. S. Army
B) a family
C) AT&T Corp.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 57

One British psychologist believes that the Western family causes most of the mental illness in individuals. This theory implies that:

A) the primary group is always helpful to the individual
B) primary group relations can be harmful to the individual
C) secondary relations are more important than primary ones
D) none of the above are relevant

Question 58

For a young guitar player, a rock band seen on TV would represent a(n):

A) reference group
B) membership group
C) involuntary group
D) all of the above

Question 59

To a person who belongs to it, a beer can collectors' club is a(n):

A) reference group
B) membership group
C) voluntary group
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 60

Agrarian societies are based on:

A) the use of the plow
B) hunting animals
C) factories
D) farm animals

Question 61

ndustrial societies are based on:

A) kinship
B) primary ties
C) machines for production
D) smokestacks

Question 62

A society based on close, personal ties is a:

A) Gemeinschaft
B) Gesellschaft
C) Mineshaft
D) family

Question 63

The microelements of societies are made up of:

A) processes of social interaction
B) diseases that harm societies
C) problems of cement roads
D) none of the above

Question 64

The situation in the Middle East is an example of:

A) competition
B) cooperation
C) conflict
D) all of the above

Question 65

The human social process most important for social interaction is:

A) conflict
B) competition
C) cooperation
D) none of the above

Question 66

The group way of life characteristic of humans may be traced to:

A) our human ancestors' way of life in trees
B) the fact that human infants are helpless for a long period of time
C) a faulty genetic development
D) the small size of humans relative to other animals

Question 67

Symbolic interaction:

A) excludes written language
B) is entirely nonverbal
C) includes gestures, speech, and music
D) none of the above

Question 68

A social system:

A) is a model
B) is a concept
C) illustrates how social relationships work in a group
D) all of the above

Question 69

Social organization:

A) may be analyzed at the microsocial and the macrosocial levels
B) is a fixed set of rules
C) is sometimes used interchangeably with social structure
D) is microsocial, macrosocial, and interchangeable with social structure

Question 70

The form of interaction that occurs when two or more individuals try to possess a scarce object or value is:

A) violence
B) coercion
C) contest
D) competition

Question 71

The earliest and least complex society was:

A) agrarian
B) pastoral
C) hunting and gathering
D) horticultural

Question 72

"The largest group of people inhabiting a specific territory and sharing a common culture" is a definition of a:

A) nation
B) state
C) government
D) society

Question 73

Utilitarian organizations include:

A) the military, prisons, and mental hospitals
B) businesses and industries of all types
C) professional and religious organizations
D) all of the above

Question 74

Weber's abstract model of bureaucracy entails:

A) task specialization, governed by explicit rules
B) a pyramid of authority based on inherited privilege
C) leadership by a self-appointed elite
D) systematic discrimination against minorities

Question 75

Critiques of bureaucratic forms of business administration argue that:

A) explicit standards of quality control must be imposed by management
B) employees are given too much discretion
C) small organizations inevitably become bureaucracies
D) vertical hierarchies of power are too sluggish

Question 76

A group way of life lends itself to disorder because:

A) individuals differ in temperament, goals, and desires
B) the world is based on randomness
C) humans are solitary creatures
D) human behavior is unpredictable

Question 77

Social life is organized and structured through:

A) rules and regulations
B) group situations and the positions of individuals
C) patterns of actions
D) all of the above

Question 78

Tolerance of conflicting ideas has been:

A) the downfall of industrialized societies
B) one of the great contributions of democracy
C) a major obstacle to establishing social order
D) none of the above

Question 79

Another way of saying that positions in a group are value-rated by group members is:

A) statuses are ascribed
B) authority is hierarchical
C) statuses are ranked
D) roles are scripted

Question 80

The norm of reciprocity entails:

A) doing things in an institutionalized way
B) working jointly in a common enterprise for a shared goal
C) doing something in return for what someone has done for you
D) all of the above