Deck 14: The Process of Change: We Can Make a Difference

Question 1

______ refers to the practical application of tools, skills, and knowledge to meet human needs and extend human abilities.

A) Technology
B) Science
C) Industry
D) Globalization

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following sociologists argued that change is brought about through the three processes of discovery, invention, and diffusion?

A) Karl Marx
B) William Ogburn
C) W.E.B. DuBois
D) C. Wright Mills

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes that connected Asia, Europe, and Africa, helped support the spread of new ideas across the world. The transmission of ideas that occurred as a result of these trade routes is an example of ______.

A) discovery
B) technology
C) invention
D) diffusion

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered a micro-level social change?

A) a school system creating new day-care programs
B) a synagogue launching a neighborhood cleanup campaign
C) students urging other students to recycle
D) a city government lobbying for funds to build a public transit system

Question 5

Mayflower United Church of Christ in Minneapolis brought a resolution to the congregation that by 2030 the church would be entirely carbon neutral. This is an example of ______.

A) micro-level change
B) meso-level change
C) macro-level change
D) global change

Question 6

The Paris Agreement is an example of ______.

A) individual change
B) micro-level change
C) meso-level change
D) macro-level change

Question 7

Julia's religion disapproves of gay marriage, but she personally supports it. This is an example of ______.

A) stress
B) strain
C) symbolic change
D) population dynamics

Question 8

According to ______, sometimes it's enough for people to become aware of the advantages or disadvantages of a particular outcome-for example, the costs of continuing to burn fossil fuels-for social change to occur.

A) symbolic interaction theory
B) functionalist theory
C) conflict theory
D) rational choice theory

Question 9

______ at the macro level assume that societies change slowly from simple to more complex forms.

A) Social evolutionary theories
B) Functionalist theories
C) Conflict theories
D) Symbolic interactionist theories

Question 10

According to evolutionary theory, societies typically move through stages in which order?

A) horticultural, hunter-gatherer, agrarian, industrial, and post-industrial
B) hunter-gatherer, horticultural, agrarian, industrial, and post-industrial
C) hunter-gatherer, agrarian, horticultural, industrial, and post-industrial
D) agrarian, hunting and gathering, horticultural, industrial, and post-industrial

Question 11

Which of the following views rapid change with suspicion?

A) social evolutionary theory
B) functionalist theory
C) conflict theory
D) rational choice theory

Question 12

Karl Marx viewed ______ conflict as the major source of tension leading to change in any society, but other conflict theorists study additional variables that can also be the grounds for oppression.

A) gender
B) racial
C) political
D) class

Question 13

According to world systems theory, what type of countries provide raw materials and cheap labor for richer countries?

A) core countries
B) semiperipheral countries
C) peripheral countries
D) developed countries

Question 14

According to world systems theory, what type of country holds an intermediate position, is industrializing, and trades with the other two types of countries?

A) core countries
B) semiperipheral countries
C) peripheral countries
D) developing countries

Question 15

According to world systems theory, which of the following is a core country?

A) Japan
B) Botswana
C) Brazil
D) India

Question 16

______ behaviors are forms of collective behavior in which a crowd acts as a unified group, while ______ behaviors occur when individuals respond in a similar manner to uncertain situations.

A) Crowd; mass
B) Mob; fashion
C) Mass; crowd
D) Fad; riot

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a crowd behavior?

A) a fad
B) a panic
C) a rumor
D) a fashion

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a mass behavior?

A) a riot
B) a demonstration
C) a fad
D) a crowd

Question 19

According to ______, a college student might participate in a rally if he thinks that the rewards outweigh the costs, even if the reward is increased solidarity with his classmates.

A) feminist theory
B) value added theory
C) emergent norm theory
D) the minimax strategy

Question 20

Tola is studying the way that individuals decide to behave following a terrorist attack in their area. She hypothesizes that people's confusion following the attack will lead to the development of new definitions of acceptable behavior. Tola is most likely using ______.

A) minimax strategy theory
B) value-added theory
C) emergent norm theory
D) conflict theory

Question 21

Which theory of collective behavior outlines six factors that are necessary for collective behavior?

A) minimax strategy
B) value-added theory
C) emergent norm theory
D) world systems theory

Question 22

The group of people who lynched Jesse Washington in Mississippi in 1916 constituted a ______.

A) riot
B) demonstration
C) panic
D) mob

Question 23

______ are forms of mass behavior in which unsupported or unproven reports about an issue or concern circulate widely throughout the public.

A) Mobs
B) Rumors
C) Fads
D) Fashions

Question 24

Diets featured in books and advertisements that are popular for a short time are examples of ______.

A) mobs
B) crowd behavior
C) fads
D) fashions

Question 25

______ refer to a style of appearance and behavior temporarily favored by a large number of people.

A) Mobs
B) Rumors
C) Fads
D) Fashions

Question 26

Which of the following is one of the conditions that gives rise to the preliminary stage of a social movement?

A) a sense of efficacy
B) internal strain
C) institutionalization
D) fragmentation

Question 27

Which of the following is a proactive social movement?

A) a group promoting a $10 minimum wage.
B) a group campaigning against gun restrictions.
C) a group that feeds people in need each holiday.
D) a group that supports religious fundamentalism.

Question 28

The white supremacist hate group Patriot Front believes that the United States, a "once great nation," is imperiled by-among other things-its diverse population. Patriot front is an example of a(n) ______.

A) social reform movement
B) expressive social movement
C) reactive social movement
D) proactive social movement

Question 29

The Workers' Solidarity Alliance is an anarchist organization that believes "working people can build a better world based on the principles of solidarity and self-management." They are an example of a(n) ______.

A) expressive movement
B) revolutionary movement
C) resistance movement
D) social reform movement

Question 30

A group of lawyers seeks to protect the rights of indigenous people by appealing to the U.S. government to comply with treaties. This is an example of a(n) ______ movement.

A) revolutionary movement
B) expressive movement
C) proactive movement
D) social reform movement

Question 31

According to Scientology's official website, "We [scientologists] seek no revolution. We seek only evolution to higher states of being for the individual and for society." Scientology is an example of a(n) ______.

A) resistance movement
B) expressive movement
C) proactive movement
D) social reform movement

Question 32

______ movements are mobilized groups that take place across societies as international organizations.

A) Global transnational
B) Proactive revolutionary
C) Regressive
D) Social reform

Question 33

Globalization from ______ refers to the efforts by common people in small groups and protest movements to fight back against global economic forces.

A) above
B) below
C) the masses
D) correlation

Question 34

A nation's research and development is an important measure of its investment in the future.

Question 35

The natural environment can create strain within an organization.

Question 36

Symbolic interaction theorists argue that change is largely driven by individuals seeking rewards and reduced costs.

Question 37

The assumption that all societies progress through the same steps is a tenet of contemporary social evolutionary theories.

Question 38

Mexico is a core nation.

Question 39

Sometimes, behavior that results in change is spontaneous.

Question 40

Following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., there was widespread civil unrest. While some protested peacefully, others looted and burned down stores. This unrest would be best described as a panic.

Question 41

The open systems system model emphasizes the idea that all parts of the organization and its immediate environment are linked.

Question 42

Closed system models focus on the internal dynamics of the organization.

Question 43

During the popularization stage, the social movement becomes institutionalized.

Question 44

Global transnational movements are typically proactive.

Question 45

List and briefly discuss the three processes that bring about change identified by Ogburn. Provide an example of each process.

Question 46

What is social change? Provide an example at each level of analysis.

Question 47

What is the difference between strain and stress? Provide an example of each.

Question 48

How have social evolutionary theories evolved since they first came to prominence during the Industrial Revolution?

Question 49

According to world systems theory, what are the three main parts of the world system? What role do the different types of countries play?

Question 50

How does the climate crisis illustrate the world systems theory and rift between rich and poor countries?

Question 51

Compare and contrast crowd and mass behaviors. Provide examples of each.

Question 52

What is emergent norm theory? Give an example of collective behavior that could be explained by this theory.

Question 53

According to value-added theory, what are the key elements necessary for collective behavior to emerge?

Question 54

Compare and contrast open-system and closed-system models for planning organizational change.

Question 55

Identify and describe the four stages of social movements.

Question 56

Compare and contrast proactive and reactive social movements. Provide an example of each.

Question 57

What are expressive social movements? Provide an example.

Question 58

Never Again MSD, a group founded by twenty survivors of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, advocates for tighter gun regulations. What type of social movement is Never Again MSD? How do you know?

Question 59

What is globalization from below? What does it involve?