Deck 2: Traits, Behaviors, and Relationships

Question 1

Researchers contend that some traits are essential to leadership: self- confidence, honesty, integrity, and drive.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The trait approach says that anyone with the appropriate behavior can be a good leader.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A democratic leader is one who tries to centralize authority and derive power from position.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Great Man approach sought to identify the traits leaders possessed that distinguished them from people who were not leaders.

Question 5

Consideration is the extent to which a leader is sensitive to subordinates.

Question 6

The Leadership Continuum by Tannenbaum and Schmidt suggested that leaders should be boss-centered or subordinate-centered depending on:

A) organizational circumstances.
B) the skill level of the employees.
C) the self-confidence, creativity, and energy of the leader.
D) both organizational circumstances and the skill level of the employees.

Question 7

Trait research does NOT consider the following personal characteristics of leaders:

A) personal characteristics such as energy.
B) personality characteristics such as self-confidence.
C) social characteristics such as interpersonal skills.
D) professional characteristics such as work experience.

Question 8

Initiating structure describes the following leadership behavior:

A) A leader who is task-oriented and directs subordinates' work.
B) A leader who is sensitive to subordinates and respects their ideas, and feelings.
C) A leader who seeks input from subordinates regarding important decisions.
D) A leader who listens carefully to problems.

Question 9

The leadership continuum model implies that a participative leadership can be used when subordinates are able to learn decision-making readily.

Question 10

Dyadic theory examines why leaders have greater impact on some followers than on others.

Question 11

The Leadership Grid shows that team management is the least effective style.

Question 12

The Leadership Continuum is a theory based on the notion that a leader develops a unique relationship with each subordinate or group.

Question 13

Entrepreneurial leaders exist within established organizations.

Question 14

A characteristic considered essential for effective leadership is drive.

Question 15

Possessing the traits of honesty and integrity are essential for leaders in order to:

A) build productive relationships.
B) build trust.
C) both build productive relationships and build trust.
D) seek achievement.

Question 16

Critics of early LMX theory felt that distinguishing between an in-group and out-group would lead to resentments or even hostility.

Question 17

Directing tasks, planning, and ruling with an iron hand is a "consideration" style.

Question 18

The University of Michigan studies showed that goal emphasis, work facilitation, support, and interaction facilitation can be performed by subordinates.

Question 19

Leader-member exchange research emphasizes that all employees should be managed in the same manner.

Question 20

Autocratic versus democratic leadership research showed all EXCEPT:

A) groups with autocratic leaders only performed well under leader supervision.
B) groups with democratic leaders only performed well when the leader supervised.
C) groups with autocratic leaders had feelings of hostility.
D) groups with democratic leaders had positive feelings.

Question 21

Leaders who are drawn to new opportunities, are action oriented, and try to influence their
Teams toward creativity are:

A) entrepreneurial leaders.
B) "high-high" leaders.
C) operational leaders.
D) individualized leaders.

Question 22

Team management is:

A) recommended because organization members work together to accomplish tasks.
B) considered the most effective style.
C) used when efficiency in operations is the dominant orientation.
D) both recommended because organization members work together to accomplish tasks and considered the most effective style.

Question 23

The Vertical Dyad Linkage model argues for all EXCEPT:

A) Subordinates provide the same descriptions about the same leader.
B) Subordinates exist in a "in-group" or an "out-group" in relation to the leader.
C) Subordinates provide very different descriptions of the same leader.
D) Subordinates who rated the leader highly had a close relationship with the leader.

Question 24

Entrepreneurs are:

A) autocratic leaders.
B) leaders of innovation and change.
C) not risk takers.
D) "high-high" leaders.

Question 25

Different personal characteristics and behavioral styles are suited to different types of:

A) leadership roles.
B) vertical dyad linkages.
C) authority-compliance management.
D) job-centered leadership.

Question 26

Collaborative leaders:

A) need excellent people skills.
B) are highly proactive and tenacious.
C) exhibit extreme flexibility.
D) all of the choices

Question 27

"High-high" leadership behavior is generally considered desirable because:

A) leaders display concern for both people and production.
B) leaders will meet people-oriented and task-oriented needs simultaneously.
C) both leaders display concern for both people and production and leaders will meet people-oriented and task-oriented needs simultaneously.
D) task-oriented behavior was associated with higher productivity.

Question 28

Trait research has identified all of the following categories as essential to leadership EXCEPT:

A) work-related characteristics.
B) social characteristics.
C) personality.
D) culture.

Question 29

The leader-member exchange explores all EXCEPT:

A) communication frequency.
B) value agreement.
C) traits.
D) job satisfaction.

Question 30

Active leaders need self-confidence because:

A) followers will not cooperate if the leader is not confident.
B) they initiate changes and must make decisions without adequate information.
C) leaders could be paralyzed into inaction without confidence.
D) all of these choices.

Question 31

Leaders can develop performance and productivity gains if they:

A) use an operational role.
B) are independent.
C) develop positive relationships one-on-one with each subordinate.
D) maintain the status quo.

Question 32

Leader behavior towards in-group members includes all EXCEPT:

A) listening to employee's suggestions.
B) praising accomplishments.
C) punishing mistakes.
D) treating mistakes as learning opportunities.

Question 33

Entrepreneurship is the process of:

A) initiating a business venture.
B) assuming the associated risks and rewards.
C) organizing the necessary resources.
D) all of the choices

Question 34

Drive is considered essential to effective leadership because:

A) leaders with drive seek achievement.
B) leaders with drive actively pursue goals.
C) leaders with drive have stamina.
D) all of these choices

Question 35

Traits:

A) alone cannot define effective leadership.
B) alone can define effective leadership.
C) are not part of twenty-first century leadership research.
D) are part of LMX research.

Question 36

Individualized leadership is based on:

A) a leader's unique relationship with each subordinate.
B) a series of dyads, two-person interactions.
C) the Leadership Grid.
D) both a leader's unique relationship with each subordinate and a series of dyads, two-person interactions.

Question 37

The operational role is:

A) a horizontal role.
B) closest to a vertically oriented management role.
C) a leadership role that provides guidance and support.
D) a natural behavioral style.

Question 38

In the Leadership Grid, the term Country Club Management refers to:

A) the exertion of minimum effort to get required work done.
B) efficiency in operations from arranging work conditions.
C) thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships.
D) work accomplishment from committed people and interdependence.

Question 39

The University of Michigan research reached all the following conclusions EXCEPT:

A) Goal emphasis, work facilitation, and support can be performed by subordinates.
B) Only the leader can supply the job-centered and employee-centered behaviors.
C) A leader is identified by one or the other behavior style, not both.
D) Leadership behavior affected the performance and satisfaction of subordinates.

Question 40

During the Partnership Building stage of the dyadic approach:

A) leader dyads are created across levels and boundaries.
B) leaders can reach out to create a positive exchange with every subordinate.
C) leaders' behaviors and traits have different impacts on individuals.
D) leadership is not individualized for each subordinate.

Question 41

Many think a leader has:

A) to be "all things to all people."
B) to handle any problem that comes along.
C) both to be "all things to all people" and to handle any problem that comes along.
D) to maintain the status quo.

Question 42

Describe the leader-member exchange relationship.

Question 43

____________________ the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and appearance.

Question 44

A leadership behavior that displays a focus on the human needs of subordinates is called ____________________.

Question 45

The job-centered leader focuses on:

A) accomplishing tasks.
B) the human needs of their subordinates.
C) efficiency.
D) both accomplishing tasks and efficiency.

Question 46

Describe the Vertical Linkage Model.

Question 47

Describe the Leadership Continuum by Tannenbaum and Schmidt.

Question 48

____________________ is a theory based on the notion that a leader develops a unique relationship with each subordinate which determines how the leader behaves toward the member.

Question 49

The Behavior approach recognized ____________________ and ____________________ leadership styles.

Question 50

Advisory leaders need

A) great people skills.
B) the ability to influence through personal knowledge.
C) honesty and integrity to build trust.
D) all of the choices

Question 51

In the Leadership Grid, ____________________ is considered the most effective style.

Question 52

What are the characteristics of a "high-high" leader?

Question 53

The extent to which a leader is task oriented and directs subordinates' work activities toward goal achievement is called ____________________

Question 54

The University of Michigan studies are part of:

A) trait theory.
B) behavioral theory.
C) individualized leadership.
D) entrepreunial leadership.

Question 55

The ____________________ leader displays a concern for both people and production.

Question 56

Becoming an effective leader requires all EXCEPT:

A) discovering your own unique strengths.
B) seeking new opportunities.
C) discovering your capabilities.
D) learning how to make the most of your strengths.

Question 57

Describe trait approach research.

Question 58

The ____________________ examines why leaders have more influence a greater impact on some members than on others.

Question 59

____________________ a leadership perspective that sought to identify the inherited traits leaders possessed that distinguished them from people who were not leaders.

Question 60

The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) is an individualized leadership model that explores ____________________.

Question 61

When might an autocratic leader be more effective? When might a democratic leader be more effective ?

Question 62

Is the Great Man perspective on leadership alive today? Discuss.

Question 63

What leadership style best describes you? Explain.