Deck 2: Part B: Research Methodology

Question 1

Which research paradigm is most concerned about generalizing its findings?

A) Quantitative research
B) Qualitative research
C) Mixed-methods research
D) All of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called:

A) An intervening variable
B) A dependent variable
C) An independent variable
D) A numerical variable

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Researchers posit that performance-related pay increases employee motivation which in turn leads to an increase in job satisfaction. What kind of variable is 'motivation"' in this study?

A) Extraneous
B) Confounding
C) Intervening
D) Manipulated

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which correlation is the strongest?

A) -1.00
B) +80
C) -60
D) +05

Question 5

When interpreting a correlation coefficient expressing the relationship between two variables, it is important not to:

A) Assume causality
B) Measure the values for X and Y independently
C) Choose X and Y values that are normally distributed
D) Check the direction of the relationship

Question 6

Which of the following can be described as a nominal variable?

A) Annual income
B) Age
C) Annual sales
D) Geographical location of a firm

Question 7

A positive correlation occurs when:

A) Two variables remain constant
B) Two variables move in the same direction
C) One variable goes up and the other goes down
D) Two variables move in opposite directions

Question 8

The key defining characteristic of experimental research is that:

A) The independent variable is manipulated
B) Hypotheses are proved
C) A positive correlation exists
D) Samples are large

Question 9

Qualitative research is used in all the following circumstances, EXCEPT:

A) It is based on a collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures
B) It often uses small samples
C) It uses the inductive method
D) It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest

Question 10

In an experiment, the group that does not receive the intervention is called:

A) The experimental group
B) The participant group
C) The control group
D) The treatment group

Question 11

Which generally cannot be guaranteed in conducting qualitative studies in the field?

A) Keeping participants from physical and emotional harm
B) Gaining informed consent
C) Assuring anonymity rather than just confidentiality
D) Maintaining consent forms

Question 12

Which of the following is not ethical practice in research with humans?

A) Maintaining participants' anonymity
B) Gaining informed consent
C) Informing participants that they are free to withdraw at any time
D) Requiring participants to continue until the study has been completed

Question 13

What do we call data that are used for a new study but which were collected by an earlier researcher for a different set of research questions?

A) Secondary data
B) Field notes
C) Qualitative data
D) Primary data

Question 14

When each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected, this is called:

A) A snowball sample
B) A stratified sample
C) A random probability sample
D) A non-random sample

Question 15

Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample of companies?

A) Randomly selecting a district and then sampling all companies within the district
B) Numbering all the elements of a company sampling frame and then using a random number table to pick companies from the table
C) Listing companies by sector and choosing a proportion from within each sector at random
D) Choosing volunteer companies to participate

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true?

A) The larger the sample size, the larger the confidence interval
B) The smaller the sample size, the greater the sampling error
C) The more categories being measured, the smaller the sample size
D) A confidence level of 95 percent is always sufficient

Question 17

Which of the following will produce the least sampling error?

A) A large sample based on convenience sampling
B) A small sample based on random sampling
C) A large snowball sample
D) A large sample based on random sampling

Question 18

When people are readily available, volunteer, or are easily recruited to the sample, this is called:

A) Snowball sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Stratified sampling
D) Random sampling

Question 19

In qualitative research, sampling that involves selecting diverse cases is referred to as:

A) Typical-case sampling
B) Critical-case sampling
C) Intensity sampling
D) Maximum variation sampling

Question 20

A test accurately indicates an employee's scores on a future criterion (e.g., conscientiousness). What kind of validity is this?

A) Predictive
B) Face
C) Content
D) Concurrent