Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?

A) flagellin
B) basal body
C) tubulin
D) filament
E) hook

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE?

A) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane.
B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration.
C) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water.
D) Crenation results when blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution.
E) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of

A) mycolic acid.
B) lipopolysaccharide.
C) hopanoids.
D) dipicolinic acid.
E) glycoproteins.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The cells illustrated in Figure 3.1 are in a(n) ________ environment.

A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) isotonic
D) fluid mosaic
E) passive

Question 5

Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes?

A) osmosis
B) facilitated diffusion
C) diffusion
D) active transport
E) group translocation

Question 6

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?

A) low temperature
B) hypotonic
C) isotonic
D) hypertonic
E) a biofilm

Question 7

Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls?

A) carrageenan
B) lipoteichoic acids
C) mycolic acid
D) tubulin
E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids

Question 8

Lipid A is a component of

A) the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
B) plant cell walls.
C) cytoplasmic membranes.
D) Gram-positive bacterial membranes.
E) bacterial glycocalyces.

Question 9

Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?

A) glycocalyces
B) flagella
C) fimbriae
D) pili
E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces

Question 10

ATP is expended in which of the following processes?

A) facilitated diffusion
B) diffusion
C) group translocation
D) active transport
E) both active transport and group translocation

Question 11

Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain

A) carbohydrates.
B) amino acids.
C) lipopolysaccharide.
D) tubulin.
E) waxes.

Question 12

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of

A) reproduction.
B) cellular structure.
C) metabolism.
D) growth.
E) responsiveness.

Question 13

Some bacteria have a water-soluble outer slime layer composed of

A) carbohydrate.
B) lipid.
C) peptidoglycan.
D) protein.
E) lipoteichoic acid.

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE?

A) reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism.
B) viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things.
C) organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times.
D) reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things.
E) living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

A) metabolism
B) motility
C) growth
D) reproduction
E) responsiveness

Question 16

Some bacteria have an outer layer called a ________ which allows them to adhere to surfaces and contributes to their ability to cause disease.

A) cell wall
B) LPS
C) capsule
D) flagellum
E) pilus

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning conjugation pili is FALSE?

A) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella.
B) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells.
C) Pili are long, hollow tubules.
D) Not all bacteria have pili.
E) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili.

Question 18

Bacterial ________ are sites of metabolite storage.

A) nucleoids
B) vacuoles
C) inclusions
D) pili
E) periplasm

Question 19

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?

A) algae
B) archaea
C) fungus
D) protozoa
E) both archaea and protozoa

Question 20

The flagella of archaea are similar to bacterial flagella but differ in that they

A) lack a basal body.
B) move like a whip.
C) are anchored in the cytoplasm.
D) are hollow.
E) are driven by ATP hydrolysis.

Question 21

Which of the following processes requires a channel protein?

A) diffusion only
B) facilitated diffusion only
C) active transport only
D) endocytosis only
E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 22

Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of

A) archaea only.
B) bacteria only.
C) eukaryotes only.
D) both archaea and bacteria.
E) both archaea and eukaryotes.

Question 23

The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) group translocation.
C) osmosis.
D) plasmolysis.
E) diffusion.

Question 24

The bacterial ________ maintains the DNA in a specific location and facilitates the process of bacterial cell division.

A) nucleoid
B) inclusion
C) pilus
D) cytoskeleton
E) fimbriae

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

A) anchors organelles
B) gives shape to the cell
C) packages cellular secretions
D) performs endocytosis
E) aids in contraction of the cell

Question 26

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have

A) DNA.
B) two lipid bilayers.
C) 70S ribosomes.
D) thylakoids.
E) cristae.

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis is TRUE?

A) This process occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
B) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell.
C) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.
D) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis.
E) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport.

Question 28

Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by

A) bacteria.
B) eukaryotes.
C) archaea.
D) all prokaryotes.
E) nothing; no cells use both processes.

Question 29

Cholesterols are typically found in ________ cytoplasmic membranes.

A) eukaryotic
B) bacterial
C) archaeal
D) prokaryotic
E) both eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 30

Bacterial ribosomes are composed of several polypeptides and

A) three RNA molecules in two subunits.
B) three RNA molecules in three subunits.
C) two RNA molecules in two subunits.
D) two RNA molecules in a single complex.
E) one large RNA molecule in a single complex.

Question 31

Some ________ use group translocation as a means of transport.

A) eukaryotes
B) bacteria
C) archaea
D) protozoa
E) eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 32

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

A) pili.
B) flagella.
C) fimbriae.
D) pseudopodia.
E) cilia.

Question 33

The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT

A) protection against dehydration.
B) anchoring cells to each other.
C) cellular recognition and communication.
D) transfer of genetic material between cells.
E) strengthening the cell surface.

Question 34

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle found only in eukaryotic cells?

A) cytoskeleton
B) flagellum
C) ribosome
D) centriole
E) pilus

Question 35

The cytoplasmic membranes of ________ may contain branched hydrocarbons.

A) archaeal cells
B) bacterial cells
C) eukaryotic cells
D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells
E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells

Question 36

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?

A) N-acetylglucosamine
B) peptidoglycan
C) lipoteichoic acid
D) endotoxin
E) mycolic acid

Question 37

Which of the following is paired incorrectly?

A) plants; cellulose cell wall
B) algae; glycocalyx
C) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall
D) fungi; polysaccharide cell wall
E) archaea; protein cell wall

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT?

A) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis.
B) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it.
C) The ER is a lipid storage organelle.
D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm.
E) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis.

Question 39

Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell?

A) cilia
B) cristae
C) thylakoids
D) inclusions
E) nucleolus

Question 40

What types of molecules may NOT need transport proteins to be able to cross cytoplasmic membranes?

A) large molecules
B) ions
C) small hydrophobic molecules
D) small hydrophilic molecules
E) nothing crosses cytoplasmic membranes without transport proteins

Question 41

Which of the following contribute to the ability of archaea to survive in extreme environments?

A) branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages
B) phospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids
C) hopanoids
D) glycerols
E) both hopanoids and glycerols

Question 42

Archaea are similar to bacteria in having cytoplasmic membrane that are composed of phospholipids and hopanoids.

Question 43

Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane?

A) Gram-negative bacteria only
B) Gram-positive bacteria only
C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
D) archaea
E) all prokaryotes

Question 44

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "c" in Figure 3.2?

A) provide shape only
B) attach to surfaces only
C) protect from dehydration only
D) attach to surfaces and protect from dehydration
E) serve as carbohydrate storage

Question 45

Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete.

Question 46

The presence of a glycocalyx contributes to bacteria's ability to cause disease.

Question 47

Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis.

Question 48

The short structures on the surface of the cell in Figure 3.5 are pili.

Question 49

Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells.

Question 50

Which of the following never have cell walls?

A) algae
B) animal cells
C) archaea
D) bacteria
E) fungi

Question 51

Cytoplasmic membranes of ________ are composed of unbranched phospholipids.

A) bacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) archaea
D) prokaryotes
E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 52

The endosymbiotic theory does NOT provide an explanation for

A) the two membranes of the nuclear envelope.
B) the presence of ribosomes in mitochondria.
C) the presence of DNA in chloroplasts.
D) the cristae in mitochondria.
E) the double membrane of chloroplasts.

Question 53

The cell walls of some ________ are composed of minerals such as calcium carbonate.

A) archaea
B) bacteria
C) algae
D) fungi
E) bacteria and fungi

Question 54

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "m" in Figure 3.3?

A) ATP synthesis
B) protein synthesis
C) synthesis of lipids
D) packaging of materials for export
E) cell movement and mitosis

Question 55

________ may have pili.

A) Eukaryotes
B) Archaea
C) Bacteria
D) Prokaryotes
E) Both eukaryotes and bacteria

Question 56

Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids?

A) Gram-negative bacteria only
B) Gram-positive bacteria only
C) archaea
D) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
E) all prokaryotes

Question 57

The processes illustrated in Figure 3.4 are driven by electrochemical gradients.

Question 58

Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates.

Question 59

Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits.

Question 60

Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids.

Question 61

Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (pinocytosis/phagocytosis/exocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment.

Question 62

A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin).

Question 63

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have inner membranes with much greater surface area than their outer membranes. Discuss the contribution of the extensive inner membranes to the roles of these organelles.

Question 64

The "run" in bacterial motility is the result of (clockwise/counterclockwise/whiplike) rotation of the flagella.

Question 65

Compare and contrast archaea and bacteria, with particular attention to the features that lead to their placement in separate taxa.

Question 66

The process illustrated in Figure 3.6 occurs in (eukaryotic/bacterial/archaeal) cells.

Question 67

A (capsule/slime layer/matrix) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

Question 68

The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid).

Question 69

The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the (cytoplasm/nucleoid/nucleoplasm).

Question 70

The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.

Question 71

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis.

Question 72

In a(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.

Question 73

Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy bacterial cellular characteristics that are different from those of eukaryotic cells or that may not even be present in eukaryotic cells, an idea termed 'selective toxicity'. List and describe at least three cellular features of bacteria that could be targeted to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen.

Question 74

A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution.

Question 75

Fibrous structures with three "arms" some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (fimbriae/hami/pili).

Question 76

Describe how the structure of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane relates to its function of selective permeability.

Question 77

Compare and contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 78

Fragments of (LPS/NAM/NAG) released from Gram-negative bacteria into the bloodstream produce fever and shock.

Question 79

The cell walls of eukaryotes are typically composed of (carbohydrates/peptidoglycan/glycoproteins).

Question 80

A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.