Deck 3: Physical and motor development

Question 1

The first _____ year(s)of life is a period of rapid physical growth characterised by growth spurts.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Answer 1

two

Question 2

Motor milestones are often assessed using a developmental screening tool.Which of the following scales is not used to evaluate motor skills?

A) Griffiths Mental Development Scales
B) Bayley Scales of Infant Development
C) Denver Developmental Screening Test
D) all of these are used to assess motor skills

Answer 2

all of these are used to assess motor skills

Question 3

During the second year of life,a major contributor to rapid motor development is the increase in muscle as fat decreases.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An individual's knowledge of their own cognition and control over cognitive activities is defined as:

A) executive function
B) metacogntion
C) intelligence
D) insight

Question 5

Two cognitive skills defined as critical to motor tasks by Laszlo and Bairstow (1985)were:

A) memory and anticipation
B) memory and attention
C) memory and processing speed
D) anticipation and processing speed

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of the rudimentary movement abilities of an infant?

A) crawling
B) blinking
C) grasping
D) gaining control of the head

Question 7

Postural stability is dependent upon:

A) vestibular information
B) good muscle tone
C) kinaesthetic information
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 8

Motor skills indicate neurological integrity and reflect perceptual and cognitive development in young children.

Question 9

Which of the following is not related to kinaesthesis?

A) passive movement
B) active movement
C) muscle tone
D) metacognition

Question 10

Which of the following is not an example of a survival reflex that is present at birth?

A) closing both eyes when a puff of air reaches the eye
B) arching back and extending arms when a sudden loud sound is heard
C) turning head towards touch and opening mouth when stroked on the cheek
D) sucking automatically when an object is placed in the mouth

Question 11

Typically,motor performance peaks in late adulthood.

Question 12

The process whereby information is transferred from one sensory modality to another modality is termed:

A) cross-modal transfer
B) transference
C) kinaesthetic learning
D) sensory integration

Question 13

An example of a proprioceptor is:

A) the vestibular system
B) the kinaesthetic system
C) the muscular system
D) both A and B are correct

Question 14

The prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD)in children is estimated to be:

A) 2%
B) 25%
C) between 10% and 25%
D) between 6% and 15%

Question 15

Landmark motor skills are also called motor milestones.

Question 16

Research has found that inadequacies in which processes lead to motor skill deficiencies?

A) vision
B) self-concept
C) kinaesthesis
D) research has found mixed findings

Question 17

Which reflex is characterised by an arched back and extended arms that are drawn into the body?

A) rooting
B) babinski
C) moro
D) palmar grasp

Question 18

Children with poor motor skills:

A) are more likely to be rejected by their peers in certain settings
B) are more likely to be endomorphic
C) have similar emotional functioning as those with good motor skills
D) both A and B are correct

Question 19

Six to eleven year-olds overestimate their ability to throw a ball.This example connects which two developmental domains?

A) self-concept; cognitive
B) physical; self-concept
C) cognitive; moral
D) physical; cognitive

Question 20

Which of the following is not a feature of developmental coordination disorder (DCD)?

A) absence of physical disorder
B) markedly impaired motor coordination
C) average intelligence
D) a diagnosed neurological disorder

Question 21

What are the long-term social,emotional and physical effects of 'clumsiness' in children according to research literature?

Question 22

Name and discuss three contributing factors to healthy motor development.

Question 23

Children who suffer from obesity are more likely to show behavioural problems.

Question 24

Cross-cultural studies have provided evidence for the relationship between environmental privation and early enrichment.Review and discuss the findings of such studies.

Question 25

The Babinski reflex can be in response to sudden loud sound.

Question 26

The 'normative-descriptive approach' to motor skill development was pioneered by Arnold Gesell.

Question 27

Standardised tests of motor ability are a reliable way of determining if a child is performing as expected for their age and assessing the severity of any movement difficulties.

Question 28

Discuss the role of schools in reducing the prevalence of obesity in children and outline some appropriate interventions in this setting.

Question 29

The relationship between cognitive development and motor development is weak.

Question 30

Cross-modal transfer and sensory integration deficits are characteristic in children with DCD.

Question 31

Obesity occurs when an individual's weight exceeds 35% of the average body weight based on age,sex and physical health.

Question 32

Your child is a typical developing nine-month-old.Explain her motor development in terms of the voluntary movements she has achieved.

Question 33

Compare the research evidence for the sensory/perceptual deficit and the cognitive deficit hypotheses to motor difficulties in children.

Question 34

Longitudinal studies suggest that children who begin school with motor problems do not grow out of them.This is solely due to their lack of motor coordination.

Question 35

The sensory organs responsible for vestibular balance are located in the brain.

Question 36

Research has found no association between early environmental deprivation and early enrichment.