Deck 4: Exercise Programming and Implementation

Question 1

Which of the following accurately describes a physiologic change in adults as they progress in age?

A)Maximal stroke volume increases with advancing age
B)Skeletal muscles receive greater blood flow
C)Decreased arterial compliance can cause elevated blood pressure during rest and exercise
D)Compliance of lung tissue decreases with age

Answer 1

Decreased arterial compliance can cause elevated blood pressure during rest and exercise

Question 2

Why are children less efficient at thermoregulation than adults?

A)Children's sweat rate is much higher than adult's
B)Children's sweat rate is much lower than adult's
C)Children have a comparably smaller surface area than adults which allows greater heat exchange
D)Children's ratio of surface area to body mass causes slower heat loss in the cold

Answer 2

Children's sweat rate is much lower than adult's

Question 3

Which of the following does not accurately represent a risk factor grouping for age-related bone loss?

A)Being of Jewish or African descent, female, heavy-set build, and sedentary
B)Being of Asian or Caucasian descent, female, petite
C)Having a family history of osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, chronic steroid use
D)Alcoholism, cigarette smoking, and calcium deficiency

Answer 3

Being of Jewish or African descent, female, heavy-set build, and sedentary

Question 4

Which bioenergetic pathway can use carbohydrates, fats, and a limited amount of protein to synthesize ATP?

A)Phosphagen system
B)Nonoxidative system
C)Oxidative system
D)Krebs cycle

Question 5

Poor balance, postural hypotension, medications, weakness, and degenerated eyesight are all risk factors for what advanced age related incident?

A)Dementia
B)Decreased reaction time
C)Falling
D)Changes in normal gait

Question 6

What anatomical regions produce chondrocytes that undergo ossification and add bone tissue to bones?

A)Bone marrow
B)Epiphyseal plates
C)Diaphysis
D)Bone shaft

Question 7

At what level does the anaerobic threshold reach the ventilatory breakpoint in an untrained individual?

A)At 10% of their maximal aerobic capacity
B)At 30% of their maximal aerobic capacity
C)At 55% of their maximal aerobic capacity
D)At 80% of their maximal aerobic capacity

Question 8

What is the complex process that involves interactions of genetics, lifestyle, and disease?

A)Human development
B)Human growth
C)Aging
D)Adolescence

Question 9

Which of the pathways is called the anaerobic one due to its ability to function with no oxygen requirement?

A)Nonoxidative system
B)Oxidative system
C)Phosphagen system
D)Bioenergetic system

Question 10

An individual's total number of muscle fibers is a fixed amount by the time of adolescence, but what type of muscular growth changes can still occur beyond this developmental stage?

A)Muscle atrophy resulting in increased muscle mass
B)Muscle hypertrophy resulting in increased muscle mass
C)No changes are possible to affect muscle growth past puberty except cutting overall body fat percentage for improved appearance of muscle
D)Affecting hormonal rates through medical intervention to increase muscle fiber counts

Question 11

In what areas do adolescent girls usually outperform boys of that age group?

A)Areas requiring gross motor skills
B)Areas requiring fine motor skills
C)Areas requiring strength
D)Areas requiring quantitative skills

Question 12

Which factors are true physiologically of children as related to exercise?

A)Lower heart rate and hemoglobin concentration and increased blood flow through muscles
B)Higher heart rate and blood flow through muscles, lower hemoglobin concentration
C)Higher blood pressure and hemoglobin concentration
D)Lower blood pressure and higher hemoglobin concentration

Question 13

Although it makes energy immediately available for use, which energy pathway can only support about 30 seconds of sustained activity of all-out effort?

A)The nonoxidative system
B)The oxidative system
C)The phosphagen system
D)Kreb's cycle

Question 14

What is the physiological reason behind increased bone loss associated with advanced age?

A)Bones break more easily in older adults because of decreased bone density
B)People who had insufficient calcium intake during adolescence have bones that are more susceptible to bone loss in advanced age
C)The bone remodeling process which replaces bone can no longer keep up with the rate of bone absorption
D)Menopause

Question 15

What is the process during embryonic development that replaces the cartilage with bone tissue?

A)Epiphysis
B)Diaphysis
C)Epiphyseal ossification
D)Endochondral ossification

Question 16

The exercise intensity at which the body will shift to another bioenergetic system if adequate oxygen is not supplied is called what?

A)Lactate threshold
B)Aerobic threshold
C)Adenosine threshold
D)Nonoxidative threshold

Question 17

What can be the result of the decrease in extensibility of connective tissues caused by the degradation and increased cross-linkage of collagen fibers?

A)Osteoarthritis
B)Hip fractures
C)Osteoporosis
D)Loss of flexibility

Question 18

What term refers to the body acquiring, converting, storing, and utilizing energy?

A)Oxidative pathway
B)Bioenergetics
C)Biomechanics
D)Phosphagen capacity

Question 19

To ensure safety and effectiveness, what considerations must be kept in mind when designing an exercise program?

A)Age, medical history, and functional abilities
B)Only lifestyle and medical history, because all other variables can be changed by the design of the program created for the client
C)Age and lifestyle
D)Medical history

Question 20

At what age does bone mass reach its peak level in both males and females?

A)Puberty
B)16-18yrs
C)20-25yrs
D)25-30yrs

Question 21

Regular use of what type of training has a positive impact on older adults by preserving muscle mass and helping to stave off obesity by slowing the decline of metabolism?

A)Resistance training
B)Cardiovascular training
C)Balance training
D)Stability training

Question 22

Restrictive lung disease is a grouping of diseases and disorders that restrict lung volume and share some or all of which of the following features?

A)Bronchoconstriction, edema in the airways, and chronic inflammatory processes
B)Airflow limitations, hyper-responsive bronchioles, and airway remodeling
C)Loss of alveolar-capillary unit function, altered mechanical function of thorax, and secondary cardiovascular dysfunction
D)Inflammation and lesions on lung tissue, hyper secretion of mucus, and abnormal gas exchange

Question 23

Which condition is characterized by the modifiable risk factors of poor oral health, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and high dietary trans fat?

A)Cardiovascular disease
B)Diabetes mellitus
C)Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D)Obesity

Question 24

What can result if an adolescent is trained using repetitive techniques during a growth spurt and has muscle-tendon imbalances and asymmetrical stress is placed on bones and joints?

A)Anatomic misalignment
B)Stunted growth of affected bones
C)Overuse injuries
D)Syncope

Question 25

What frequency recommendations are in place for training older adults who have been sedentary or are deconditioned?

A)Frequency should be limited to 2-3 times a week for more intense types of exercise
B)Frequency can be 5-7 times a week with lower duration and intensity exercises
C)Frequency is relative to the duration and intensity of exercise and should continually fluctuate accordingly
D)Frequency is irrelevant because in a deconditioned person of any age, any exercise is an improvement to their previously sedentary lifestyle

Question 26

What respiratory condition's disease process includes hyper secretion of mucus, dysfunctional cilia, limited air flow, and pulmonary hypertension?

A)Asthma
B)Restrictive lung disease
C)Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
D)Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Question 27

Which diagnostic procedure technique listed below accurately describes what is done during an echocardiography?

A)Electrodes are placed that take images showing the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle and reveal whitened areas
B)Uses ultrasound technology to evaluate heart muscle abnormalities, dysfunctions, and improper cardiac output
C)A radioisotope is injected into the central vein and scans then record images to evaluate changes in heart function
D)A radioisotope is injected and a planar single-photon emission computed tomography scan is done to asses myocardial perfusion defects

Question 28

What is a blood clot that travels from where it was formed in the body to another location?

A)Hematoma
B)Hemangioma
C)Thrombus
D)Embolus

Question 29

Data has shown that older adults who maintain a regular fitness regimen benefit in what way immunologically?

A)Increased infectious disease incidence
B)Decreased recurrence of autoimmune disorders
C)Decreased compromise to immune function
D)Decreased nutritional impact on immune decline with age

Question 30

What common chronic condition in children presents with a cough, tightness of the chest, wheezing, chest pain, and breathlessness associated with physical activity?

A)Congenital heart defects
B)Obesity and overall lack of fitness
C)Allergies
D)Exercise induced asthma

Question 31

What condition describes a grouping of diseases or conditions affecting the heart and lungs?

A)Cardiopulmonary impairment
B)High cholesterol
C)Cardiovascular dysfunctional syndrome
D)Cardiovascular diseases

Question 32

What condition presents as a loss of elasticity of the arteries characterized by the thickening and hardening of artery walls?

A)Atherosclerosis
B)Arteriosclerosis
C)Thrombosis
D)Endotheliosis

Question 33

Which type of syncope is caused by external stimuli such as anxiety or emotional distress?

A)Dysrhythmic syncope
B)Orthostatic syncope
C)Psychosomatic syncope
D)Vasopressor syncope

Question 34

Which diagnostic test procedure for coronary heart disease involves the placement of a catheter that is threaded up to the heart for locating the exact place a vessel has become narrowed or blocked?

A)Ventriculography
B)Echocardiography
C)Coronary angiography
D)Electrocardiography

Question 35

What disease's pathophysiologic process includes airflow limitations, edema in the airways, airway hyper-responsiveness, and underlying inflammation?

A)Asthma
B)Restrictive lung disease
C)Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
D)Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Question 36

Factors such as inadequate warm-up, sudden movements, and rapid increase in exercise intensity or duration can lead to what problem in older adults?

A)Muscle strains
B)Orthopedic injury
C)Fatigue
D)Muscular cramping

Question 37

The benefits of exercise in helping to build bone mass in children do not occur if what condition exists?

A)Malnutrition
B)Insufficient calcium intake
C)Early menstruation
D)Eating disorders

Question 38

What age group of fitness clients best benefits from a program that specifically includes strength and balance training?

A)Children
B)Adolescents
C)Adults
D)Older adults

Question 39

Which of the following accurately describes a unique physiological response of children to exercise?

A)Children show much quicker recovery of heart rate and blood pressure after exercise than adults
B)Anaerobic capacity is higher in children than adults due to lower concentration of muscle glycogen
C)Children have a higher breathing rate than adults with greater ventilatory volume during exercise
D)Children show a higher cardiac output than adults at a given oxygen consumption

Question 40

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance are all related to what change in body composition that occurs with aging?

A)Body fat increase
B)Menopause
C)Diabetes
D)Increased BMI

Question 41

What type of premature ventricular complex (PVC) consists of a repetitive pattern of one normal beat and one PVC?

A)Ventricular couplet
B)Ventricular tachycardia
C)Ventricular bigeminy
D)Ventricular trigeminy

Question 42

What percentage of older adults over the age of 75 are affected by osteoarthritis?

A)40%
B)50%
C)65%
D)85%

Question 43

Which behaviors can be helpful in reducing the negative symptoms of high altitude?

A)Ascend quickly to quickly acclimate to the altitude
B)Sleep at an altitude higher than the elevation where exercise will occur
C)Sleep at an altitude lower than the elevation where exercise will occur
D)Eat a high fat diet and exercise regularly

Question 44

A pulmonary function test result with a postbronchodilator ratio of less than or equal to 0.7 indicates nonreversible airflow limitation associated with what condition?

A)COPD
B)Asthma
C)Restrictive lung disease
D)Secondary cardiovascular dysfunction

Question 45

Which of the following correctly includes all components of a well-devised exercise plan?

A)Warm-up, cardiovascular training, resistance training, flexibility training, cool-down
B)Warm-up, cardiovascular training, flexibility training, cool-down
C)Warm-up, resistance training, flexibility training, cool-down
D)Warm-up, strength training, flexibility training, cool-down

Question 46

What heart rhythm, also called respiratory arrhythmia, occurs when the SA node fails to maintain a regular sinus rate from beat to beat?

A)Sinus bradycardia
B)Sinus tachycardia
C)Sinus arrhythmia
D)Sinus pause

Question 47

What is considered the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in patients during acute myocardial infarction?

A)Junctional arrhythmia
B)Supraventricular tachycardia
C)Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 48

What pharmacologic therapy has been shown to have positive impact in reducing cardiovascular events in high risk individuals?

A)Beta adrenergic blockers
B)Platelet inhibitors
C)Nitrates
D)Calcium channel antagonists

Question 49

In which risk level would a client with moderate obesity and hypertension be placed for exercise testing?

A)High risk
B)Moderate risk
C)Low risk
D)Low risk, as long as his physician has approved exercise with his medical conditions

Question 50

What heart rhythm has a normal sinus rhythm, but a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute?

A)Sinus bradycardia
B)Sinus tachycardia
C)Sinus arrhythmia
D)Sinus pause

Question 51

What type of heart rhythm causes the atria to be stimulated by an ectopic focus rather than by the SA node?

A)Sinus bradycardia
B)Supraventricular tachycardia
C)Junctional arrhythmia
D)Atrial arrhythmias

Question 52

What medication is used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias?

A)Digitalis
B)Quinidine
C)Procainamide
D)Disopyramide

Question 53

What daily lifestyle benefit can be reaped as a result of strength and balance training for older adults?

A)Improved mental acuity
B)Decreased likelihood of falls
C)Decreased mobility
D)Improved lipoprotein profile

Question 54

Reduced lung elastic recoil, increased dead space in the lungs, and more limited diffusion of gas exchange are all pulmonary symptoms associated with what?

A)Emphysema
B)Aging
C)Asthma
D)COPD

Question 55

Which of the following is not an age-related consideration when choosing exercise test protocols for elderly clients?

A)Maximal heart rate
B)Body mass index
C)Flexibility
D)Vital capacity

Question 56

What is represented by an ECG with a regular HR, ectopic P waves, a PR interval that may be normal, and a QRS complex that is normal?

A)Atrial fibrillation
B)Supraventricular tachycardia
C)Sinus tachycardia
D)Junctional arrhythmia

Question 57

What specific type of exercise should be avoided by clients with advanced osteoporosis?

A)Aerobic exercise
B)Low-impact aerobics
C)Deep forward flexion activities (like rowing)
D)Aquatic exercises

Question 58

When performing exercise testing for cardiovascular function on children, which modality is preferred?

A)Cycle ergometer
B)Treadmill
C)Caliper
D)Recumbent cycle

Question 59

How does an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor function?

A)Blunts node conduction resulting in lower ventricular response
B)Reduces blood pressure and causes water loss through increased urine production
C)Lowers blood pressure and control ventricular arrhythmias
D)Reduces myocardial oxygen demand and reduces blood pressure

Question 60

What types of neurologic adaptations have been seen in children and adolescents as a result of strength training?

A)Muscle hypertrophy
B)Improved strength
C)Decrease in motor unit activation
D)Increase in motor unit activation

Question 61

Which of the bioenergetic pathways commences immediately upon the onset of physical activity and produces energy quickly?

A)Oxidative pathway
B)Aerobic pathway
C)Glycolysis pathway
D)ATP-CP pathway

Question 62

What is a safe, effective, and practical way for the health professional to progress the difficulty of an exercise for a client?

A)Rapidly add more weight and repetitions
B)Push the client to the point of failure using supersets
C)Change the torque angle of an exercise as it relates to the moving joint by moving the center of gravity more distally
D)Move the center of gravity more proximal to the moving joint in order to apply distractive forces

Question 63

What is the correct makeup of the Adenosine Triphosphate structure?

A)Adenine, phosphate and glucose
B)Adenine, ribose and nitrogen
C)Adenine, phosphate and carbon dioxide
D)Adenine, ribose and phosphate

Question 64

Which of the following is not a physiological difference in regards to fitness training between adults and adolescents or children?

A)Body fat
B)Oxygen uptake
C)Submaximal oxygen demand
D)Sweating rate

Question 65

Decreased low back pain, physiological stress, and bone mineral loss are some benefits of what type of training?

A)Resistance training
B)Flexibility training
C)Balance training
D)Cardiovascular training

Question 66

What is the weekly caloric expenditure recommended for weight control and for prevention of chronic disease?

A)150-400 kcal per week
B)Less than 1000 kcal per week
C)More than 1000 kcal per week
D)No less than 2000 kcal per week

Question 67

Tightness and inflexibility of the hamstrings can lead to what type of chronic pain complaint?

A)Aching knees after physical activity
B)Sore gluteals after physical activity
C)Poor range of motion and resulting pain in quadriceps
D)Low back pain

Question 68

Which of the following is not a consideration regarding fitness training for special populations of people?

A)Medications and how they affect physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
B)Obesity and ability to perform with proper form due to high level of de-conditioning
C)Schedule-time of day when the workout will be conducted
D)Age and forms of age-related conditions affecting mobility, flexibility and strength

Question 69

The biological study of energy transformation and exchange within the body and between the body and the environment is called what?

A)Aerobic energy conversion
B)Anaerobic energy conversion
C)Bioenergetics
D)Energetics

Question 70

Which mode of exercise may indicate poor form due to weak quadriceps and gluteals, causing increased dependence on the handrails for support?

A)Stair climbing
B)Elliptical
C)Treadmill
D)Cycling

Question 71

Which of the following is not a physiological consideration when training a pregnant client?

A)Increased energy levels
B)Posture affects blood-flow differently
C)Increased metabolic demand
D)Decreased oxygen capacity

Question 72

What is the field of study focusing on the principles of physics in relation to energy and force as applicable to the human body's movements?

A)Biophysics
B)Biomechanics
C)Biocompatibility
D)Biostatistics

Question 73

What are some special conditions to be considered specifically with regard to seniors as fitness clients?

A)Degeneration limiting functional ability, coordination, bone mineral density and connective tissue elasticity
B)Sweat rate, tendency to fatigue from short periods of high intensity and loess tolerance for weather extremes
C)Diminished ability to perform functionally, de-conditioned core musculature and poor balance
D)Decreased circulation to distal limb and increased sensitivity to overuse of energy stores

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a chronic condition?

A)Cardiovascular disease
B)Obesity
C)Plantar fasciitis
D)Diabetes mellitus

Question 75

What activity category, as described by the Institute on Medicine, engages in physical activity (above and beyond daily activities) of walking about 1.5-3 miles a day at a 3-4 mph pace?

A)Sedentary
B)Moderately active
C)Active
D)Athletic

Question 76

Which of the following is the effect of medications that are Beta-blockers on heart rate and blood pressure?

A)Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure
B)Increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure
C)Decreased heat rate, decreased blood pressure
D)Decreased heart rate, increased blood pressure

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true of exercise progression?

A)Increasing the frequency and duration of an exercise before the intensity is better
B)The rate of progression depends on the fitness professional's assessments
C)Improvement depends on sudden and drastic changes in intensity, duration, and frequency to achieve the best results
D)Progression isn't necessary to increase fitness for most people

Question 78

What does predischarge exercise testing following myocardial infarction accomplish?

A)Tests the degree of improvement since discharge
B)Helps to design an exercise program
C)Evaluates the client's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL)
D)Identifies sign sand symptoms

Question 79

The production of ATP is accomplished via three bioenergetic pathways. Which of the following is NOT one of these pathways?

A)Oxidative pathway
B)Glycolysis pathway
C)Submaximal consumption pathway
D)ATP-CP pathway

Question 80

What age related change is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and abnormal lipoprotein profiles?

A)Sarcopenia
B)Decreased circulating growth hormone
C)Increased central-to-peripheral adiposity measurements
D)Decreased performance ability