Deck 10: Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Question 1

Which of the following structures is most associated with "wake up"?

A) Broca's area
B) Cerebellum
C) Reticular activating system
D) Thalamus

Answer 1

Reticular activating system

Question 2

There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum,diencephalon,brain stem,and

A) hypothalamus.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) limbic system.
D) cerebellum.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The medulla oblongata descends as the

A) diencephalons.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) spinal cord.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the name of the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine?

A) Dopamine
B) ACh
C) Acetylcholinesterase
D) Norepinephrine

Question 5

The frontal,temporal,occipital,and parietal lobes form the

A) brain stem.
B) cerebrum.
C) cerebellum.
D) reticular formation.

Question 6

The primary somatosensory area and the primary motor area are separated by

A) Broca's area.
B) the central sulcus.
C) the pia mater.
D) the longitudinal fissure.

Question 7

What is the name of the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a second neuron?

A) Vesicle
B) Cell body
C) Synapse
D) Node of Ranvier

Question 8

In which cerebral lobe is Broca's area located?

A) Parietal
B) Occipital
C) Frontal
D) Temporal

Question 9

The midbrain,pons,and medulla oblongata are referred to as the

A) diencephalons.
B) brain stem.
C) limbic system.
D) emotional brain.

Question 10

The corpus callosum

A) connects the right and left hemispheres.
B) connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland.
C) lines the cerebral ventricles.
D) connects the brain stem to the cerebellum.

Question 11

The depression between the convolutions of the cerebrum is called a

A) pons.
B) gyrus.
C) sulcus.
D) corpus callosum.

Question 12

The neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh)are stored within the

A) tips of the dendrites.
B) cell body.
C) postsynaptic receptors.
D) axon terminals.

Question 13

Which branching structures carry information toward the cell body of a neuron?

A) Synapses
B) Axons
C) Dendrites
D) Nodes of Ranvier

Question 14

Endorphins are

A) natural morphine-like substances that can reduce anxiety and induce a sense of well-being.
B) energy sources much like ATP.
C) secreted by the choroid plexus and circulated within the subarachnoid space.
D) waste products generated by depolarizing neurons.

Question 15

Excessive opioids (narcotics)depress the medulla oblongata and therefore cause

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) blindness.
C) respiratory depression.
D) hypertension.

Question 16

What term describes the hopping of the action potential (nerve impulse)along the axon from one node (of Ranvier)to the next?

A) Myelination
B) Depolarization
C) Saltatory conduction
D) Repolarization

Question 17

The pituitary gland sits beneath the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) brain stem.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cerebellum.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the arachnoid mater?

A) Limbic system
B) Meninges
C) Blood-brain barrier
D) Cranium

Question 19

Which word best describes the precentral gyrus?

A) Olfactory
B) Visual
C) Motor
D) Language

Question 20

The surface of the cerebrum is folded into elevations that resemble speed bumps; these speed bumps are called

A) fissures.
B) sulci.
C) foramen.
D) convolutions, or gyri.

Question 21

What is the name of the first phase of the action potential that is caused by the inward movement of sodium?

A) Repolarization
B) Refractory period
C) Depolarization
D) Saltatory conduction

Question 22

Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space?

A) Blood
B) Lymph
C) Cerebrospinal fluid
D) Cytoplasm

Question 23

What is the name of the motor speech area located in the frontal lobe?

A) The brain stem
B) The pons
C) Broca's area
D) The diencephalon

Question 24

Which of the following is most related to "saltatory conduction"?

A) Dendrites
B) Choroid plexus
C) Nodes of Ranvier
D) Astrocytes

Question 25

The repolarizing phase of the action potential

A) means that the inside of the cell is becoming more positive.
B) is caused by the movement of sodium (Na+) into the cell.
C) is caused by the movement of potassium (K+) out of the cell.
D) is caused by the Na+/ K+ pump located in the membrane.

Question 26

What is the function of the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus?

A) Synthesize neurotransmitters such as ACh
B) Form cerebrospinal fluid
C) Phagocytose debris
D) Secrete myelin

Question 27

What is the name of clusters of cell bodies that are located outside the central nervous system?

A) Glia
B) Nodes of Ranvier
C) Nuclei
D) Ganglia

Question 28

Which of the following is the convolution located on the frontal lobe just anterior to the central sulcus?

A) Broca's area
B) Primary motor area
C) Somatosensory area
D) Visual cortex

Question 29

Which of the following is the type of nervous tissue that conducts a nerve impulse?

A) Astrocyte
B) Neuroglia
C) Neuron
D) Ependymal cell

Question 30

The temporal lobe

A) is a brain stem structure.
B) is a cerebellar structure.
C) contains the primary auditory cortex.
D) is a large mass of white matter that joins the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Question 31

What is the fatty insulating material that surrounds the axons?

A) Glia
B) Choroid plexus
C) Myelin sheath
D) Sarcolemma

Question 32

Which of the following structures bring information toward the cell body?

A) Dendrites
B) Axons
C) Nodes of Ranvier
D) Axon terminals

Question 33

The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative; this electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium and is called

A) depolarization.
B) the action potential.
C) the resting membrane potential.
D) the refractory period.

Question 34

The occipital lobe

A) is a brain stem structure.
B) performs the "executive" functions.
C) is called the vital center.
D) contains the primary visual cortex.

Question 35

Which structure is also called the emotional brain?

A) Cerebellum
B) Basal ganglia
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Limbic system

Question 36

What is the term applied to the inability of a neuron to accept a stimulus while the neuron is still depolarized?

A) Repolarization
B) Threshold potential
C) Resting membrane potential
D) Refractory period

Question 37

The nodes of Ranvier

A) are located along the postsynaptic membrane.
B) increase the speed of the action potential.
C) synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
D) store ACh in tiny vesicles.

Question 38

The purpose of the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump in the neuronal membrane is to

A) depolarize the membrane.
B) repolarize the membrane.
C) establish the Na+ and K+ gradients necessary for the development of an action potential.
D) secrete myelin.

Question 39

The astrocytes

A) support and protect the neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier.
B) secrete myelin.
C) secrete cerebrospinal fluid.
D) are concentrated within the choroid plexus.

Question 40

What makes white matter "white"?

A) Cell bodies
B) Neurotransmitters
C) Synapses
D) Myelin sheath

Question 41

The precentral gyrus

A) is located in the frontal lobe.
B) is the primary visual cortex.
C) contains the primary somatosensory area.
D) is called the vital center.

Question 42

Frontal eye fields

A) perform a motor role regarding the eyes.
B) receive sensory information from the optic nerve.
C) allow a person to interpret visual information.
D) determine the color of the eyes.

Question 43

The medulla oblongata is

A) an infratentorial structure.
B) located in the brain stem.
C) sensitive to the effects of opioids (narcotics).
D) all of the above.

Question 44

The medulla oblongata descends into the vertebral cavity through the

A) corpus callosum.
B) obturator foramen.
C) central canal.
D) foramen magnum.

Question 45

Which group is incorrect?

A) Lobes of the cerebrum: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
B) Parts of the brain stem: cerebrum, pons, medulla oblongata
C) Divisions of the nervous system: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
D) Electrical events: depolarization, repolarization, action potential

Question 46

Which group is incorrect?

A) Parts of the brain: cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
B) Meninges: pia mater, corpus callosum, dura mater
C) Protective structures of the CNS: bone, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier
D) Types of glia: astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, microglia

Question 47

Which structure plays a key role in personality development and emotional and behavioral expression and carries out the "executive" functions?

A) Cerebellum
B) Frontal lobe
C) Basal ganglia
D) Medulla oblongata

Question 48

This structure is part of the diencephalon; it regulates the anterior pituitary gland,water balance,appetite,body temperature,and the autonomic nervous system.

A) Cerebellum
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Hypothalamus

Question 49

The precentral gyrus

A) is the primary motor area.
B) is located in the parietal lobe.
C) is called the vital center.
D) contains the medulla oblongata.

Question 50

Which structure is called the lateral,third,and fourth?

A) Meninges
B) Ventricles
C) Cerebral lobes
D) Parts of the brain stem

Question 51

Which of the following contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A) Central sulcus
B) Precentral gyrus
C) Broca's area
D) Subarachnoid space

Question 52

Which of the following "brain claims" is true?

A) The medulla oblongata is the upper part of the diencephalon.
B) The hypothalamus is a brain stem structure.
C) The medulla oblongata performs the "executive functions."
D) The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are infratentorial structures.

Question 53

The postcentral gyrus

A) is the primary visual cortex.
B) is located in the parietal lobe.
C) contains the primary motor cortex.
D) performs the "executive" functions.

Question 54

Which of the following is the middle layer of the meninges and looks like a spiderweb?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Reticular formation

Question 55

Which of the following is least descriptive of Broca's area?

A) Located in the frontal lobe
B) Concerned with motor speech
C) Most often located in the left cerebral hemisphere
D) Is a brain stem structure

Question 56

The postcentral gyrus

A) is located in the frontal lobe.
B) controls voluntary motor activity.
C) sends all its information to the occipital lobe.
D) contains the somatosensory area.

Question 57

Broca's area

A) is concerned with motor speech.
B) allows a person to hear and interpret sound.
C) is located in the temporal lobe.
D) coordinates eye movements, as in scanning a page in a book.

Question 58

Injury to the occipital lobe is most likely to cause

A) hearing loss.
B) paralysis.
C) loss of vision.
D) disturbances in gait.

Question 59

Parkinson's disease

A) is caused by a deficiency of dopamine within the basal ganglia.
B) refers to any increase in intracranial pressure.
C) is a demyelinating disease.
D) is caused by a slow cerebral bleeding episode.

Question 60

The corpus callosum

A) connects the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord.
B) is a band of gray matter that lines the ventricles.
C) is the point at which all motor fibers decussate.
D) connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Question 61

Neurotransmitters

A) are released by the presynaptic axon terminals into the synapse.
B) are stored within the axon terminals.
C) are responsible in part for communication at the synapses.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 62

The resting neuron

A) is polarized.
B) has an internal (+) charge.
C) has an internal negativity because of the outward leak of Na+.
D) has an internal negativity because of the inward leak of K+.

Question 63

The emetic center

A) receives information from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).
B) is located in the vertebra prominens.
C) is the target of antipyretics.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 64

Which of the following describes cerebral lateralization?

A) Sensory and motor
B) Afferent and efferent
C) Right brain and left brain
D) Neuronal and neuroglial

Question 65

The choroid plexus

A) is the site where cerebrospinal fluid is formed.
B) is part of the internal carotid artery.
C) drains cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 66

The phases of the action potential (nerve impulse)are

A) excitatory and inhibitory.
B) sensory and motor.
C) depolarization and repolarization.
D) dendrite and axons.

Question 67

With regard to an action potential,the rapid efflux of K+

A) raises the resting membrane potential to threshold potential.
B) restores the internal negativity of the neuron.
C) causes depolarization.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 68

The hypothalamus

A) is superior to the brain stem.
B) controls the pituitary gland.
C) is also considered a gland because it secretes releasing hormones.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 69

Myelination of the axon

A) protects the neuron from wear and tear.
B) waterproofs the axon from cerebrospinal fluid.
C) increases the speed of the nerve impulse along the axon.
D) keeps the axon warm so that it is sensitive to stimulation.

Question 70

With regard to the action potential,

A) the efflux of K+ causes repolarization.
B) movement from the resting membrane potential to threshold potential is due to the outward leak of K+.
C) the Na+/K+ pump is responsible for repolarization.
D) both depolarization and repolarization are due to an influx of Na+.

Question 71

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A) is formed by the choroid plexus.
B) circulates around the CNS within the subarachnoid space.
C) does not normally contain blood.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 72

Neuroglia

A) are confined to the peripheral nervous system.
B) include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and ependymal cells.
C) fire action potentials when stimulated.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 73

Which of the following best describes the primary visual cortex and the primary auditory cortex?

A) Choroid plexus and central canal
B) Infratentorial and supratentorial
C) Occipital and temporal
D) Precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

Question 74

Which of the following is true of myelination?

A) Occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier
B) Increases the speed of the action potential along the axon
C) Is responsible for the gray appearance of gray matter
D) Increases the synthesis of neurotransmitters

Question 75

Which of the following relationships is true?

A) Temporal lobe: Broca's area
B) Frontal lobe: somatosensory (touch, pressure, pain)
C) Precentral gyrus: motor homunculus
D) Temporal lobe: vital center

Question 76

Which of the following best describes the tentorium?

A) Extension of the dura mater
B) Lining of the cerebral ventricles and central canal
C) Another name for the arachnoid mater
D) Another name for the corpus callosum

Question 77

The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

A) sends information to the emetic center in the medulla oblongata.
B) is called the vital center.
C) is located in the precentral gyrus.
D) is part of the visual cortex.

Question 78

What happens when the resting nerve is stimulated to threshold potential?

A) The efflux of K⁺ restores the resting membrane potential.
B) An action potential fires.
C) The Na⁺/K⁺ pump further depolarizes the cell.
D) The membrane permeability to Na⁺ decreases.

Question 79

Which of the following is most descriptive of the nodes of Ranvier?

A) Neurotransmitter-storing vesicles in the axon terminals
B) Exposed (unmyelinated) axonal membrane
C) Enlargements formed by a concentration of Schwann cells
D) Patches of blood vessels called the choroid plexus

Question 80

The gaze center

A) is located in the postcentral gyrus.
B) enables the eyes to track an object.
C) is part of the primary auditory cortex.
D) enables the brain to ignore repetitive background noise.