Deck 10: Differential Reinforcement for Decreasing Behavior

Question 1

Which type of differential reinforcement should be used for behaviors that are dangerous to the student or other students?

A) DRO
B) DRI
C) DRL
D) DRA

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Merlin is presented with reinforcement at the end of every hour that he does not burp in class. After receiving reinforcement at 10:00 A.M. and 11:00 A.M., he burps at 11:56 A.M. His teacher promptly starts a new hour interval in which Merlin must refrain from burping until 12:56 P.M. in order to receive reinforcement. Which type of DRO variation schedule is his teacher employing?

A) DRO progressive schedule
B) DRO reset schedule
C) DRO fixed-interval schedule
D) DRO increasing-interval schedule

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of differential reinforcement of other behavior?

A) Bobby will receive 10 minutes of free time for finishing all 25 math problems in 30 minutes
B) Marcia will get 10 minutes of free time taken away if she fails to complete her essay on baking
C) Teddy will receive 10 minutes of free time for not teasing other students during English class
D) Alicia must sit in the back of the room until she completes her spelling assignment

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When increasing the interval size that must pass without the student exhibiting the target behavior, it is important to establish stimulus control.

Question 5

The free access rule refers to the amount of reinforcement the student would want if there were no limits on its availability.

Question 6

DRO increasing-interval schedules represent a way of making reinforcement more intermittent.

Question 7

Ms. Message reinforces Elmer after a specified interval if he has fewer than 8 occurrences of swearing. What type of reinforcement procedure is Ms. Message employing?

A) DRI
B) DRL
C) DRO
D) DRA

Question 8

Which type of differential reinforcement is the only one that does not require the inappropriate behavior to be completely eliminated in order for a student to receive reinforcement?

A) DRO
B) DRI
C) DRL
D) DRA

Question 9

DRI and DRA correspond to the fair pair and replacement behavior training.

Question 10

Which type of differential reinforcement takes advantage of a functional alternative?

A) DRI
B) DRO
C) DRA
D) DRL

Question 11

Ms. Shopko is implementing a reinforcement program whereby Garth is reinforced if 15 minutes passes without him engaging in the target behavior. If Garth manages to control his behavior for the 15 minutes, he subsequently must control his behavior for 20 minutes. Which type of DRO schedule is Ms. Shopko employing?

A) DRO increasing-ratio schedule
B) DRO progressive schedule
C) DRO increasing-interval schedule
D) DRO variable-duration schedule

Question 12

Which type of differential reinforcement involves selecting and reinforcing a behavior that is topographically incompatible with the inappropriate behavior?

A) DRI
B) DRO
C) DRA
D) DRL

Question 13

A target behavior is reinforced when it is performed in the presence of a stimulus.

Question 14

Why is it important to calculate interresponse time before beginning a DRO schedule?

A) it is not important because DRO schedules are based on the number of behaviors rather than on time intervals
B) without interresponse time, teachers would not know what student behaviors to target for intervention
C) it helps students ignore teasing from peers
D) it helps teachers determine an initial amount of time that sets up students for success

Question 15

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior is synonymous with:

A) the Premack principle
B) response covariation
C) stimulus generalization
D) the fair pair

Question 16

Which of the following principles of behavior can be used instead of punishment to reduce inappropriate behavior?

A) backward chaining
B) differential reinforcement
C) stimulus control
D) fading

Question 17

Which of the following terms refers to the time that passes between occurrences of inappropriate behavior?

A) limited hold
B) interresponse time
C) response cost
D) social reciprocity

Question 18

Which of the following represents one of the best aspects of DRO and DRL schedules?

A) they can be used to increase appropriate behavior
B) they can be used to decrease response covariation
C) they can be combined with other procedures, such as a token economy
D) they can be eliminated from a student's repertoire

Question 19

Trudy knocks books off her desk 4 times every hour. Trudy is reinforced every hour she knocks over books fewer than 4 times per hour. Which type of differential reinforcement is Trudy's teacher employing?

A) DRL-IRT schedule
B) DRL-fixed-interval schedule
C) DRL-variable-ratio schedule
D) DRL-below-criterion schedule

Question 20

Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding is appropriate for:

A) reducing but not eliminating certain behaviors
B) increasing appropriate behavior
C) extinguishing inappropriate behavior
D) establishing stimulus control over inappropriate behavior

Question 21

What are the main differences between DRO and DRL and their schedules?

Question 22

When is reinforcement delivered?

Question 23

Explain one of the considerations when using differential reinforcement and how an educator can address this concern.

Question 24

Describe the relationship between target behavior and a stimulus.

Question 25

What is an advantage and a disadvantage of using DRI and DRA?