Deck 9: Preconception, Genetics, Conception, and Fetal Development

Question 1

What is the term for an individual's genetic makeup?

A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Karyotype
D) Chromotype

Answer 1

Genotype

Question 2

A father and mother are carriers of phenylketonuria (PKU).Their 2-year-old daughter has PKU.The couple tells the nurse that they are planning to have a second baby.Because their daughter has PKU,they are sure that their next baby won't be affected.What information will the nurse use to formulate a response?

A) The odds of having another baby with PKU are very slim.
B) Each baby has a 50% chance of being affected.
C) Males are not affected by PKU.
D) The parents are both carriers so each baby has a 25% chance of being affected.

Answer 2

The parents are both carriers so each baby has a 25% chance of being affected.

Question 3

In practical terms regarding genetic health care,which should the nurse be aware of?

A) Genetic disorders equally affect all socioeconomic backgrounds,races,and ethnic groups.
B) Genetic health care is more concerned with populations than individuals.
C) It is most important to provide emotional support to the family during genetic counselling.
D) Taking genetic histories is only done in large university hospital and tertiary-care centres.

Answer 3

It is most important to provide emotional support to the family during genetic counselling.

Question 4

What is responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the maternal bloodstream?

A) Decidua basalis
B) Blastocyst
C) Germ layer
D) Chorionic villi

Question 5

At approximately how many weeks of gestation does lecithin form on the alveolar surfaces,the eyelids open,and the fetus measure approximately 27 cm crown to rump,and weigh approximately 1100 g?

A) 20 weeks
B) 24 weeks
C) 26 weeks
D) 28 weeks

Question 6

What should the nurse be aware of with regard to chromosome abnormalities?

A) They occur in approximately 10% of newborns.
B) Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.
C) Down syndrome is a result of an abnormal chromosome structure.
D) Unbalanced translocation results in a mild abnormality that the child will outgrow.

Question 7

The measurement of lecithin in relation to sphingomyelin (L/S ratio)is used to determine fetal lung maturity.Which ratio reflects maturity of the lungs?

A) 1.4:1
B) 1.8:1
C) 2:1
D) 1:1

Question 8

During a presentation to obstetrical nurses interested in genetics,what does the genetic nurse identify as the primary factor to consider with genetic testing?

A) Anxiety and altered family relationships
B) Accessibility related to the availability of genetic testing
C) High false-positive rates associated with genetic testing
D) Ethnic and socioeconomic disparity associated with genetic testing

Question 9

A woman who is 8 months pregnant asks the nurse,"Does my baby have any antibodies to fight infection?" The nurse's response is based on which information?

A) At 8 months all of the immunoglobulins (Ig)are present.
B) Antibodies are transferred to the baby only during birth.
C) Babies do not have any antibodies to fight infection until after birth.
D) During pregnancy,babies only acquire IgG and IgM.

Question 10

During an initial prenatal appointment,the woman asks the nurse how her baby gets air while in her uterus.The nurse's response is based on which information?

A) The baby's lungs work in utero to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B) The baby absorbs oxygen from the mother's blood system.
C) The placenta provides oxygen to the baby and excretes carbon dioxide into the mother's bloodstream.
D) The placenta delivers oxygen-rich blood through the umbilical artery to the baby's abdomen.

Question 11

The nurse is providing genetic counselling for an expectant couple who already have a child with trisomy 18.What should the nurse do?

A) Tell the couple they need to terminate the pregnancy within 2 to 3 weeks.
B) Explain that the fetus has a 50% chance of having the disorder.
C) Discuss options,including amniocentesis,to determine whether the fetus is affected.
D) Refer the couple to a psychologist for emotional support.

Question 12

A woman asks the nurse,"What protects my baby's umbilical cord from being squashed while the baby's inside of me?" The nurse's response is based on which information?

A) The umbilical cord is surrounded by connective tissue called Wharton jelly.
B) The umbilical cord floats around in blood.
C) Nothing really protects the cord but it is unlikely to be squashed.
D) The umbilical cord is a group of blood vessels that are protected by the placenta.

Question 13

With regard to the estimation and interpretation of the recurrence of risks for genetic disorders,what should nurses be aware of?

A) With a dominant disorder,the likelihood of the second child also having the condition is 100%.
B) An autosomal recessive disease carries a one in eight risk of the second child also having the disorder.
C) Disorders involving maternal ingestion of drugs carry a one in four chance of being repeated in the second child.
D) The risk factor remains the same no matter how many affected children are already in the family.

Question 14

The nurse is assessing the knowledge of new parents with a child born with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).Which is accurate related to MSUD?

A) Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be present.
B) Only one copy of the abnormal gene is required for the disorder to be present.
C) The disorder occurs in males and heterozygous females.
D) The disorder is carried on the X chromosome.

Question 15

A man's wife is pregnant for the third time.One child was born with cystic fibrosis and the other child is healthy.The man wonders what the chance is that this child will have cystic fibrosis.What is this type of testing known as?

A) Occurrence risk
B) Recurrence risk
C) Predictive testing
D) Predisposition testing

Question 16

A woman's cousin gave birth to an infant with a congenital heart anomaly.The woman asks the nurse when such anomalies occur during development.The nurse's response is based on which information?

A) It is unknown when such defects occur.
B) The timing depends on the cause of the defect.
C) They occur between the third and fifth weeks of fetal development.
D) They most often occur in the first 2 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 17

What should nurses be aware of with regard to prenatal genetic testing?

A) Integrated prenatal screening can determine risk of carrying a fetus with Down syndrome.
B) Carrier screening tests are used to look for gene mutations of people already showing symptoms of a disease.
C) Predisposition testing predicts with near certainty that symptoms will appear.
D) Presymptomatic testing is used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer.

Question 18

A pregnant woman at 25 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise.The nurse's response is based on which information?

A) Babies can't respond to noise at 25 weeks' gestation.
B) Abrupt noise can cause the aural reflex.
C) Babies respond to extrauterine sound beginning at about 24 weeks of gestation.
D) This is an abnormal finding and should be reported to the health care provider.

Question 19

Where does meconium accumulate as the fetus nears term?

A) Fetal intestines
B) Fetal kidneys
C) Amniotic fluid
D) The placenta

Question 20

A couple has been counselled for genetic anomalies.They ask you,"What is karyotyping?" The nurse's response is based on which information related to karyotyping?

A) It will provide the status of lung maturity.
B) It is a predictor of normal fetal development.
C) It identifies fetal gender and chromosomal information.
D) It can detect physical deformities.

Question 21

What should the nurse be able to tell parents when they have questions about multiple births?

A) Multiple births are increasing because of the use of fertility drugs.
B) Dizygotic twins (two fertilized ova)have the potential to be conjoined twins.
C) Identical twins are more common in White families.
D) Fraternal twins are same gender,usually male.

Question 22

A maternity nurse should be aware of which fact about the amniotic fluid?

A) It serves as a source of oral fluid and a repository for waste from the fetus.
B) The volume remains about the same throughout the term of a healthy pregnancy.
C) A volume of less than 300 mL is associated with gastrointestinal malformations.
D) A volume of more than 2 L is associated with fetal renal abnormalities.

Question 23

Which should the nurse be aware of with regard to the development of the respiratory system?

A) The respiratory system does not begin developing until after the embryonic stage.
B) The infant's lungs are considered mature when the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S)ratio is 1:1,at about 32 weeks.
C) Maternal hypertension can reduce maternal-placental blood flow,accelerating lung maturity.
D) Fetal respiratory movements are not visible on ultrasound scans until at least 16 weeks.

Question 24

Which are autosomal dominant disorders?

A) Myotonic dystrophy
B) PKU
C) Marfan syndrome
D) Dwarfism
E) Maple syrup urine disease
F) Cystic fibrosis

Question 25

With regard to the structure and function of the placenta,the maternity nurse should be aware of which information?

A) As the placenta widens,it gradually thins to allow easier passage of air and nutrients.
B) As one of its early functions,the placenta acts as an endocrine gland.
C) The placenta is able to keep out most potentially toxic substances.
D) Optimal blood circulation is achieved through the placenta when the woman is lying on her back or standing.

Question 26

Which are known to delay fetal lung maturity? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters,followed by a comma and a space-e.g. ,a,b,

A) Maternal hypertension
B) Gestational diabetes
C) Chronic glomerulonephritis
D) Infection
E) Maternal corticosteroid use
F) Epilepsy

Question 27

Which is the most basic information a maternity nurse should know concerning conception?

A) Ova are considered fertile 48 to 72 hours after ovulation.
B) Sperm remain viable in the woman's reproductive system for an average of 12 to 24 hours.
C) Conception is achieved when a sperm successfully penetrates the membrane surrounding the ovum.
D) Implantation in the endometrium occurs 6 to 10 days after conception.

Question 28

At what age is the embryo or fetus less susceptible to teratogens?

A) 4 weeks
B) 6 weeks
C) 8 weeks
D) 10 weeks

Question 29

The nurse caring for a pregnant patient knows that her health teaching regarding fetal circulation has been effective when the patient reports that she has been sleeping in which position?

A) In a side-lying position
B) On her back with a pillow under her knees
C) With the head of the bed elevated
D) On her abdomen