Deck 22: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Immune Systems

Question 1

Cardiac muscle fibers are joined at their ends by dense bands called _______ disks.

A) sinoatrial
B) aventricular
C) intercalated
D) cardiac

Answer 1

C

Question 2

_______ is the red pigment that transports oxygen in the blood.

A) Serum
B) Red bone marrow
C) Erythrocyte
D) Hemoglobin

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The _______, the inner layer of the heart, consists of a smooth endothelial lining resting on connective tissue.

A) endocardium
B) pericardium
C) myocardium
D) peritoneum

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The heart has its own specialized _______ system, which allows it to beat independently of its nerve supply.

A) induction
B) conduction
C) nutrient
D) sinoatrial

Question 5

Each heartbeat is initiated by the _______.

A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) bicuspid
C) atrioventricular (AV) node
D) AV bundle

Question 6

White blood cells, or _______, are specialized to protect the body against harmful bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease.

A) lymphocytes
B) leukocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) platelets

Question 7

The _______ pump(s) blood into the great arteries leaving the heart.

A) ventricles
B) atria
C) mitral valve
D) aorta

Question 8

Two _______ arteries branch off from the aorta as it leaves the heart.

A) pulmonary
B) renal
C) coronary
D) hepatic

Question 9

_______ is the process by which cells engulf microorganisms, foreign particles, or other cells.

A) Anemia
B) Mitosis
C) Phagocytosis
D) Osmosis

Question 10

People with type _______ blood are known as universal donors.

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 11

The outer layer of the heart wall is called the _______.

A) endocardium
B) pericardium
C) myocardium
D) peritoneum

Question 12

The circulatory system consists of two subsystems: the _______ system, which protects the body against disease and helps preserve fluid balance, and the _______ system, in which the heart pumps blood through a system of blood vessels.

A) lymphatic; endocrine
B) lymphatic; cardiovascular
C) endocrine; cardiovascular
D) cardiovascular; urinary

Question 13

The _______ receive(s) blood returning to the heart from the veins and act(s) as reservoirs between contractions of the heart.

A) ventricles
B) atria
C) mitral valves
D) aorta

Question 14

Universal recipients have type _______ blood.

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 15

Blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called _______.

A) platelets
B) plasma
C) globulins
D) erythrocytes

Question 16

Red blood cells are also called _______.

A) lymphocytes
B) leukocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) hemoglobin

Question 17

While the Rh system consists of more than 40 kinds of Rh antigens, by far the most important is antigen ________.

A) X
B) D
C) A
D) B

Question 18

Events that occur during one complete heartbeat make up the _______.

A) cardiac cycle
B) cardiac output
C) stroke volume
D) diastole

Question 19

Specialized _______ muscle fibers make up the heart's conduction system.

A) aortic
B) pulmonary
C) coronary
D) cardiac

Question 20

Platelets, also called _______, are tiny fragments of cytoplasm that become detached from certain very large cells in the bone marrow.

A) thrombocytes
B) fibrinogens
C) lymphocytes
D) macrophages

Question 21

The left ventricle pumps blood into the largest artery in the body, the _______.

A) jugular
B) carotid
C) superior vena cava
D) aorta

Question 22

_______ are cells that ingest bacteria and other foreign matter.

A) Lymphocytes
B) Natural killer cells
C) Phagocytes
D) Erythrocytes

Question 23

The _______ is the volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta in 1 minute.

A) stroke volume
B) cardiac cycle
C) cardiac output
D) coronary bypass

Question 24

_______ circulation connects the heart and lungs.

A) Systemic
B) Coronary
C) Pulmonary
D) Hepatic

Question 25

Blood that is poor in oxygen returns to the _______.

A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right ventricle

Question 26

The period of relaxation is known as _______.

A) diastole
B) systole
C) atrioventricular pause
D) sinoatrial pause

Question 27

The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle during one beat is called the _______.

A) stroke volume
B) cardiac cycle
C) cardiac output
D) coronary bypass

Question 28

The _______ is the largest organ of the lymphatic system.

A) liver
B) thymus
C) palatine tonsil
D) spleen

Question 29

Parasympathetic nerves release the neurotransmitter _______, which slows the heart.

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) beta blocker

Question 30

The smallest branches of an artery are called _______.

A) veins
B) venules
C) arterioles
D) capillaries

Question 31

Sympathetic nerves release the neurotransmitter _______, which speeds the heart rate and increases the strength of contraction.

A) dopamine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) beta blocker

Question 32

The _______ delivers blood from the organs of the digestive system to the liver.

A) carotid
B) mesenteric artery
C) hepatic portal vein
D) basilar artery

Question 33

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

A) Collect and return interstitial fluid.
B) Circulate blood from the heart to the organs of the body.
C) Defend the body against disease by producing lymphocytes.
D) Absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the blood.

Question 34

The period of contraction is known as _______.

A) diastole
B) systole
C) atrioventricular pause
D) sinoatrial pause

Question 35

_______ carry blood from the ventricles of the heart to each of the organs of the body.

A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Venules
D) Capillaries

Question 36

The normal heart rate is about _______ beats per minute.

A) 90
B) 120
C) 54
D) 72

Question 37

________ is/are precise responses against specific foreign molecules that have gained entrance to the body.

A) Nonspecific immune responses
B) Cell signaling
C) Specific immune responses
D) Autoimmune responses

Question 38

_______ is the force exerted by the blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels.

A) Blood pressure
B) Arterial pressure
C) Cardiac output
D) Peripheral resistance

Question 39

_______ circulation connects the heart and all the organs and tissues.

A) Hepatic
B) Pulmonary
C) Coronary
D) Systemic

Question 40

_______ conduct blood back toward the heart.

A) Veins
B) Capillaries
C) Arterioles
D) Arteries

Question 41

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Aorta
b.Pulmonary vein
c.Right atrium
d.Superior vena cava
B ________

Question 42

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Abdominal aorta
b.Common carotid artery
c.Subclavian
d.Thoracic aorta
D ________

Question 43

_______ typically develops from exposure to antigens and production of memory cells.

A) Passive immunity
B) Active immunity
C) Immunization
D) B cell immunity

Question 44

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Abdominal aorta
b.Common carotid artery
c.Subclavian
d.Thoracic aorta
C ________

Question 45

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Aorta
b.Pulmonary vein
c.Right atrium
d.Superior vena cava
C ________

Question 46

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Abdominal aorta
b.Common carotid artery
c.Subclavian
d.Thoracic aorta
A ________

Question 47

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Aorta
b.Pulmonary vein
c.Right atrium
d.Superior vena cava
A ________

Question 48

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Aorta
b.Pulmonary vein
c.Right atrium
d.Superior vena cava
D ________

Question 49

Which is not a characteristic of inflammation?

A) Pain
B) Redness
C) Edema
D) Decreased body temperature

Question 50

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Abdominal aorta
b.Common carotid artery
c.Subclavian
d.Thoracic aorta
B ________

Question 51

In cell-mediated immunity, _______ cells attack invading pathogens.

A) B
B) T
C) plasma
D) memory B