Deck 1: Power, Society, and Social Science

Question 1

History is concerned with change over time, and it provides a perspective on the future by informing us of the way people lived in the past.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Power is a relationship in which no individuals or groups have control over resources valued by others.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

People who can produce intended effects by the real or threatened use of rewards and punishments are said to be powerful.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Power is the central concern of all of the social sciences.

Question 5

Illegitimacy is the belief that the exercise of power is "right" or "proper" and that people are morally obligated to submit to it.

Question 6

Economics is the study of the production and distribution of scarce goods and services.

Question 7

Sovereignty means that a nation has authority over its internal affairs, freedom from outside intervention, and political and legal recognition by other nations.

Question 8

Political science is the study of the election process.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of power?

A) It can rest on various resources.
B) It is a special form of influence.
C) It is used in the same fashion by all forms of governments.
D) It is unequally distributed.

Question 10

Weber suggested that the three sources of legitimacy are tradition, charisma, and legality.

Question 11

There are several social sciences, each specializing in a particular aspect of human behavior, but all using the same concepts, methods, and data in their studies.

Question 12

An ideology is an integrated system of ideas about values in general and the ideal role of government in particular.

Question 13

Only a few societies have some system of classifying and ranking their members into a system of stratification.

Question 14

Social problems tend to confine themselves to one or the other of the disciplines of social science.

Question 15

All power is anchored in or exercised through institutions.

Question 16

Powerlessness is a sociopsychological condition of hopelessness, indifference, distrust, and cynicism.

Question 17

Globalization is the development of an increasingly integrated global economy and has increasing influence on power distribution.

Question 18

Anthropology is the least holistic of the social sciences because it studies only one aspect of a society

Question 19

Historically, most leaders have relied on charisma for their authority.

Question 20

Power is a special form of influence.

Question 21

Behavioral psychologists frequently study in experimental laboratory situations, with the hope that the knowledge gained can be useful in

A) understanding why people act as they do in experimental situations.
B) trying to end all social problems.
C) getting their work published.
D) understanding complex human behavior outside the laboratory.

Question 22

Whereas Marxism justifies revolutionary power in overthrowing liberal capitalist systems and the establishment of a "dictatorship of the proletariat," communism calls for the

A) revolutionary replacement of the private enterprise system.
B) evolutionary anarchistic replacement of the private enterprise system.
C) evolutionary democratic replacement of the private enterprise system with private ownership of industry.
D) evolutionary democratic replacement of the private enterprise system with government ownership of industry.

Question 23

An integrated system of ideas about values in general, and the ideal role of government in particular, is called

A) authority.
B) ideology.
C) power.
D) legitimacy.

Question 24

Some elites depend on legitimacy conferred by rules that are agreed on by both leaders and followers. Weber refers to this type of legitimacy as

A) rational-legal authority.
B) institutional authority.
C) imaginary authority.
D) charismatic authority.

Question 25

Anthropology is the most holistic of the social sciences as it studies all aspects of

A) a community.
B) an organization.
C) a nation.
D) a society.

Question 26

Political leaders in all societies surround themselves with symbols of office in order to help legitimize their authority. Symbols of authority might include all but which of the following?

A) An instructor's podium
B) A police officer's uniform
C) A presidential entourage
D) An inmate's uniform

Question 27

The foundations of power vary from age to age. As power bases shift, new groups and individuals

A) become obsolete.
B) acquire control.
C) define the new regime.
D) all of these.

Question 28

Psychology is the study of the behavior of people and animals. Behavior is the product of both

A) trial and error.
B) rewards and negative sanctions.
C) our psychological makeup and our training.
D) our biological makeup and our environmental conditioning.

Question 29

Personality consists of all the enduring, organized ways of behavior that characterize an individual. Psychologists differ over

A) how personality matters over the life course.
B) whether personality and power are related.
C) how personality characteristics are determined.
D) whether personality is solely shaped by heredity.

Question 30

The study of physical and cultural characteristics of peoples and societies that existed before written records is known as prehistory. Prehistory endeavors to reconstruct the history of a society from which of the following?

A) The diaries of people from the society
B) The remains of the society's culture
C) The legal documents of the society
D) None of these

Question 31

Behavioral psychologists study the learning process-the way in which people and animals learn to

A) deal with subconscious feelings.
B) communicate with others of their species.
C) respond to stimuli.
D) acquire subsistence needs.

Question 32

__________ rationalize and justify the exercise of power in society.

A) Elites
B) Ideologies
C) Political scientists
D) Dictators

Question 33

Economic power involves the power to decide

A) what will be produced.
B) the prices of goods and services.
C) how fast the economy will grow.
D) all of these.

Question 34

Power is exercised within the family when patterns of __________ and __________ are established between male and female and between parents and children.

A) hate; love
B) dominance; submission
C) give; take
D) none of these

Question 35

The study of the production and distribution of scarce goods and services is

A) anthropology.
B) economics.
C) political science.
D) psychology.

Question 36

Anthropology is the study of people and their ways of life. On which of the following do anthropologists focus their energies?

A) Studying how humans interact with each other
B) Describing humans, societies, and power structures
C) Understanding how humans react to stimuli
D) All of these

Question 37

History is concerned with change over time. It provides a perspective on the present by informing us of the way people lived in the past. Thus, history helps us understand

A) how contemporary society developed into its present form.
B) how previous societies could have been more productive.
C) how contemporary society can avoid the mistakes of the past.
D) all of these.

Question 38

Governments possess authority, a particular form of power-that is, power that may include the legitimate use of

A) physical force.
B) tax breaks for good behavior.
C) reduced benefits for unlawful behavior.
D) none of these.

Question 39

An approach to psychology that emphasizes uniquely human issues

A) social psychology.
B) psychoanalytic (Freudian) psychology.
C) humanistic psychology.
D) cognitive psychology.
E)g.; self, love, belonging is known as

Question 40

Classical liberalism attacked the power of a hereditary aristocracy and asserted the

A) limits of power of the individual.
B) dignity, importance, and freedom of each person.
C) right for all to be aristocratic.
D) right for government to have unlimited power.

Question 41

Globalization, the development of an increasingly integrated global economy, has sweeping and increasing influence on power distribution. This trend has implications in which of the following?

A) Economic system
B) Government
C) Culture
D) All of these

Question 42

How does history help us understand how society developed into what it is today?

Question 43

Briefly describe the work of biological anthropologists.

Question 44

People are discriminated against because of

A) their ethnicity.
B) their gender.
C) their race.
D) all of these.

Question 45

How is an interdisciplinary approach helpful in understanding power in society?

Question 46

What is the relationship between symbols in our society and authority?

Question 47

Write an essay using Bertrand Russell’s ideas to help explain the nature of power.

Question 48

Describe how whole societies are shaped by systems of ideas called ideologies.

Question 49

Governmental power must be balanced against _________.

Question 50

All societies have some system of classifying and ranking their members-a system of __________.

Question 51

The origins of social problems, as well as the solutions proposed, involve complex __________.

Question 52

What decisions rest with economic power?

Question 53

How is globalization shaping both the issues that social scientists examine and the manner in which they examine them?

Question 54

How do authority and legitimacy relate to the exercise of power?

Question 55

The few who have power are the __________; the __________ are the many who do not.

Question 56

Describe Max Weber's suggested three general sources of legitimacy.

Question 57

A problem of democratic government is protecting its citizens without violating

A) authority.
B) racial equality.
C) social relationships.
D) individual liberty.

Question 58

Describe what is meant by the term "legitimate" when discussing the use of power.

Question 59

The study of a topic using ideas, methods, and data from all of the social sciences is said to be __________.

Question 60

Describe how power is exercised over individuals and groups.

Question 61

Critically evaluate the potential for anthropology to help understand power structures within a society.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the ideologies of classical liberalism, modern liberalism, and modern conservatism.

Question 63

Use the concept of globalization to determine how power will be important in dealing with crises facing people throughout the world.