Deck 6: Power and History

Question 1

Because landed families of the Eastern Seaboard often had reason to migrate westward, the Western settlers were mainly upper-class immigrants.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

While a rudimentary view of history sometimes conveys a sense that the outcomes of events are predetermined, historical analysis frequently conveys the

A)importance of faith in determining outcomes.
B)importance of charismatic leaders in determining outcomes.
C)importance of individuals and groups in determining outcomes.
D)insignificance of individuals and groups in determining outcomes.

Answer 2

importance of individuals and groups in determining outcomes.

Question 3

The federal food stamp program and the launching of Head Start federally funded preschool programs were initiatives President John F. Kennedy's Great Society.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

On the eve of the Civil War, the Southern elites numbered not more than seven thousand, yet their views dominated Southern politics.

Question 5

Charles Beard argued that the economic interests of the national elite were not important to understanding the U.S. Constitution.

Question 6

In selecting and organizing their facts, historians must do which of the following?

A) Consider the causes of wars and revolutions
B) Consider how they feel about the events
C) Give credit equally to both genders
D) Offer questions for further study

Question 7

Modern liberalism is a product of elite response to the economic depression in the United States and the rising threats of fascism and communism abroad.

Question 8

The ghettoization of African Americans refers to their migration from the urban North to the rural South.

Question 9

Booker T. Washington was an advocate of accommodation by African Americans to segregation.

Question 10

The first objective of the white supremacy movement was to disenfranchise female voters.

Question 11

The "Jim Crow" laws were designed to prevent the mingling of whites and blacks.

Question 12

Jacksonian democracy was a philosophy of leveling egalitarianism, meaning the absolute equality of humankind and the desirability of political, economic, and social equality.

Question 13

Because historians must consider what forces have operated to shape the past, historians become involved in

A) economics, sociology, and geology.
B) psychology, math, and science.
C) political debates with anthropologists.
D) economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and political science.

Question 14

History is the recording, narrating, and interpretation of past human actions and events.

Question 15

In the years following its inception, the financial support and policy guidance for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was provided by whites rather than blacks.

Question 16

The great man paradigm narrates history as the actions of the common people who respond to the world in which they live.

Question 17

Historians need not be concerned with the interrelations among human events.

Question 18

Because perspective matters, historians often rely on numerous original source documents, including official documents, diaries and journals, publications, and oral accounts in recording historical events.

Question 19

Abraham Lincoln wanted the Western territories to be tied economically and culturally to the Northern system.

Question 20

For the most part, the quest for the American past has been carried on in the spirit of critical analysis.

Question 21

During Reconstruction, southern legislatures limited the rights of African Americans through the passage of

A) Black codes.
B) devolution.
C) the Black Primary.
D) electioneering.

Question 22

On September 22, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation by claiming his right as

A) a spokesman for emancipation.
B) commander-in-chief of the army and navy.
C) the voice of the people of America.
D) the voice of the slaves.

Question 23

In the years between 1916 and 1918, an estimated half-million African Americans moved to the North to fill the labor shortage in industrial cities caused by WWI. Most migrating African Americans arrived in big Northern cities to find

A) acceptance and equality.
B) more poverty and segregation.
C) integration and economic independence.
D) jobs for which they were not trained.

Question 24

As the Civil War continued and casualties mounted, opinion in the North became increasingly bitter toward Southern slave owners. Many Republicans joined the abolitionists in calling for emancipation of the slaves

A) because it was the right thing to do.
B) because it would increase their labor pool.
C) to get more customers for the goods they produced.
D) simply to punish the "rebels."

Question 25

All of the following are examples of how the West affected American history EXCEPT

A) new wealth and opportunity.
B) upward social mobility.
C) settlement of the Sun Belt.
D) more open elite system.

Question 26

W.E.B. Du Bois was on the original board of directors of the NAACP, but a majority of the board consisted of white liberals. In the years to follow, most of the financial support and policy guidance for the NAACP was provided by

A) members of the black upper class.
B) foreign philanthropists.
C) whites rather than blacks.
D) government grants.

Question 27

Through the study of history, social scientists can gain insight into societal conflict and the

A) breakdown of elite consensus.
B) rise of elite consensus.
C) joint consensus of the masses and the elite.
D) elite's greed and corruption.

Question 28

Booker T. Washington's hopes for African Americans lay in a program of self-help through education. With the help of white philanthropists, he established the Tuskegee Institute where training emphasized

A) immediately lucrative careers in medicine, law, and finance.
B) long-term career goal-setting.
C) immediately useful vocations such as farming, preaching, and blacksmithing.
D) a liberal arts degree as a prelude to public office.

Question 29

As the expanding American economy created new sources of wealth, power in the United States shifted to those groups and individuals who

A) acquired the new economic resources.
B) held on to the old sources of wealth.
C) worked hard for the owners of the means of production.
D) joined the unions.

Question 30

Traditionally, historians viewed the Reconstruction Congress as vindictive against the South, and the Reconstruction Era is considered

A) fair, equitable, and just.
B) undocumented and unimportant.
C) destructive, oppressive, and corrupt.
D) damaging to the esteem of former slaves.

Question 31

Which of the following was a tactic used by white supremacists to disenfranchise African American voters?

A) The grandfather clause
B) A poll tax
C) White primaries
D) All of these

Question 32

The devices used by the white supremacy movement to disenfranchise blacks included all EXCEPT

A) literacy tests.
B) grandfather clauses.
C) poll taxes.
D) black primaries.

Question 33

After the Civil War, industrialists became more prominent in Congress. They had little trouble voting in high tariffs and hard money, both of which

A) held profits steady.
B) lowered profits.
C) heightened profits.
D) had no effect on profits.

Question 34

In the 1857 U.S. Supreme Court decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional because Congress had no authority to forbid slavery in any territory. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney said that

A) slave property was not protected by the Constitution.
B) slave property was protected under state laws.
C) slave property was as much protected by the Constitution as any other kind of property.
D) holding slave property was immoral and unconstitutional.

Question 35

Jacksonian democracy was characterized by the ideal of the self-made individual. Thus, wealth and power obtained by special privilege

A) was envied by the frontier society.
B) offended the frontier people.
C) put fear of failure in frontier people.
D) all of these.

Question 36

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 declared that all persons were entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of all public accommodations, inns, public conveniences, theaters, and other places of public amusement. In this act, the Reconstruction Congress committed the nation to

A) a century of segregation.
B) a policy of discrimination in all aspects of public life.
C) a policy of nondiscrimination in all aspects of private life.
D) a policy of nondiscrimination in all aspects of public life.

Question 37

The foremost African American advocate of accommodation to segregation was

A) W.E.B. Du Bois.
B) Booker T. Washington.
C) George Washington Carver.
D) Abraham Lincoln.

Question 38

Even before 1860, Northern industry had been altering the course of American life. Which of the following was (were) part of the economic transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an industrial nation?

A) Canals and steam railroads
B) The rise of corporations and the stock market
C) The introduction of machinery in factories
D) All of these

Question 39

Which of the following was not a response by African Americans to the imposition of segregation?

A) accommodation to a subordinate position in society
B) formation of an African Americans' protest movement
C) declaration of revolution by African Americans
D) migration out of the South to avoid consequences of white supremacy

Question 40

Institutionalist perspectives focus on the structures that spawned democracy. Frequently, these national histories

A) condemn the existing political and governmental institutions.
B) praise the political and governmental institutions that are no longer in existence.
C) reinforce reverence for existing political and governmental institutions.
D) reinforce the drive for revolution to overthrow the existing political and governmental institutions.

Question 41

In the __________, the American elite accepted the principle that the entire community, through the agency of the national government, has a responsibility for mass welfare.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the great man paradigm and the institutionalist perspective approaches to narrating and interpreting national histories.

Question 43

Explain the concept of Social Darwinism.

Question 44

History includes the discovery of facts about past events, as well as the _________ of the events.

Question 45

The economic collapse of the Great Depression undermined the faith of both rich and poor in the idea of social Darwinism. Following the stock market crash of October 1929, the American economy virtually stopped. Symptoms of the stalled economy included all but which of the following?

A) Unemployment figures declined.
B) Welfare rolls remained steady.
C) Real estate values declined.
D) Factories closed.

Question 46

The _________were plantation owners dependent on slave labor.

Question 47

Roosevelt's New Deal philosophy was based on the idea that government has the responsibly to

A) provide an economic safety net for citizens.
B) grant civil rights to African Americans.
C) protect economic elites at the expense of the masses.
D) eliminate capitalism.

Question 48

Compare and contrast the interests of the pre-Civil War Southern and Northern elite. How did their interests and their needs to control the Western lands precipitate the Civil War?

Question 49

__________ was a philosophy of the industrial elite to justify its political and economic dominance.

Question 50

Compare and contrast the effects of Reconstruction and the rise of the White Supremacist movement on the empowerment of African Americans following the Civil War.

Question 51

In social Darwinism, the new industrial elite found a new philosophy to justify its political and economic dominance. This conservative philosophy permitted the conditions of the masses to

A) rise to greater heights than ever before in American history.
B) remain the same for a century.
C) decline to the lowest depths in American history.
D) rise to the level of the elite rulers.

Question 52

How do historians bring the component of perspective into historical analysis and interpretation?

Question 53

Explain the focus of the institutionalist perspectives on national histories.

Question 54

Explain the process of the rise of the Western elite, and describe how this new elite was assimilated into America's governing circles.

Question 55

The _________were manufacturers dependent on wage labor.

Question 56

Explain how an historical narrative of the Vietnam War can be used to inform a political analysis of the war as a political, not a military, defeat.

Question 57

What were the characteristics of Jacksonian democracy?

Question 58

The New Deal brought a lasting commitment by the national government to welfare. Prior to its passage, on whom had the poor, the unemployed, the disabled, infirm or elderly relied?

A) No one
B) Family and friends
C) Charities
D) Both options B and C are true.

Question 59

Compare and contrast the philosophies and social policies of Roosevelt's New Deal and Johnson's Great Society.

Question 60

President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs included all EXCEPT

A) Social Security.
B) Medicaid.
C) food stamps.
D) Medicare.

Question 61

Apply historian Richard Hofstadter's assessment of Abraham Lincoln as a political conservative to Lincoln's intent to halt the spread of slavery to the Western territories while letting slavery alone in the South.

Question 62

Apply the great man paradigm to the Jacksonian democracy as the philosophic ideal of the frontier society.