Deck 10: Power, Race, and Gender

Question 1

The median income for black families is equal to that of white families.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Today, 20 percent of the U.S. population is of Asian descent.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Supreme Court decision in which of the following cases resulted in a separate-but-equal doctrine that gave segregation constitutional approval?

A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Brown v. Board of Education
C) Marbury v. Madison
D) Baker v. Carr

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Mexican American voter turnout is higher than that of other ethnic groups.

Question 5

In traditional U.S. constitutional theory, Native American tribes are separate "nations."

Question 6

Brown v. Board of Education declared that segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 7

In the United States, women earn approximately 50 cents for each dollar earned by men.

Question 8

The "separate but equal" doctrine was made official interpretation of the equal protection clause in 1896 with the decision in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.

Question 9

As of the writing of this book, gays and lesbians in all 50 states have the legal right to marry.

Question 10

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 recognized tribes as legal governments.

Question 11

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made the segregation of public space based on race, color, religion, or national origin illegal.

Question 12

The Dawes Act of 1887 allowed Native Americans to maintain their own culture.

Question 13

The "March on Washington" was led by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1969.

Question 14

Blacks have made notable progress in education, but the proportion of college graduates is still two-thirds that of the white population.

Question 15

The American Indian Movement led to the passage of the Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act in 1975.

Question 16

Cuban Americans have higher educational levels than other Hispanics in the United States.

Question 17

Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on April 4, 1968.

Question 18

Puerto Ricans are American citizens represented by voting members in the U.S. Congress and with electoral votes for president.

Question 19

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes.

Question 20

Most immigrants come to the United States for political asylum.

Question 21

General George Armstrong Custer led elements of the U. S. Seventh Cavalry to destruction at the hands of Cheyenne and Sioux at the Little Big Horn River. Known as Custer's Last Stand, this event inspired renewed

A) peace negotiations with the Plains Indians.
B) fear of the Plains Indians.
C) army campaigns against the Plains tribes.
D) a stone tribute to Cheyenne warrior Crazy Horse.

Question 22

The median income of black families is __________ that of white families.

A) 25 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 63 percent
D) 95 percent

Question 23

Most immigrants come to the United States seeking economic opportunity. Most personify the traits we typically think of as American, as aggregated in which response below?

A) Greed, slovenliness, and ignorance
B) Opportunism, ambition, perseverance, initiative, and a willingness to work hard
C) Greed, opportunism, ambition, and initiative
D) Opportunism, ambition, authoritarianism, initiative

Question 24

How do many middle and working class Americans view immigration during tough economic times?

A) Primarily economically, as non-immigrants tend to fare better in employment and wages
B) Both economically as immigrants are competitors in the labor market and culturally, principally because of the impact on ethnic composition of their communities
C) Politically, most notably as a time for change in government policy on immigration
D) None of these

Question 25

The Supreme Court interpreted the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to allow segregation of the races if facilities were equal. Which of the following court cases ruled that segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children?

A) Brown v. the Board of Education
B) Brown v. the U.S. Supreme Court
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Question 26

When the civil rights movement turned its attention to combating private discrimination, it had to carry its fight to the

A) streets.
B) news media.
C) legislative branch of the government.
D) judicial branch of the government.

Question 27

The Intercourse Act of 1790 declared that public treaties between the U.S. government and the independent Indian nations would be the only legal means of

A) obtaining Indian land.
B) bringing peace to the plains during westward expansion.
C) obtaining public funding for education on Indian reservations.
D) none of these

Question 28

On April 14, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated. With King's death, the mood of the nation changed. Congress did which of the following in tribute to the slain civil rights leader?

A) Passed the Fair Voting Act of 1968
B) Passed the Fair Education Act of 1968
C) Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968
D) All of these

Question 29

Due process of law, found in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, is guaranteed to

A) every person in the United States.
B) refugees.
C) legal citizens only.
D) illegal immigrants only.

Question 30

Segregation permitted or required by law is called

A) de facto segregation.
B) redlining.
C) de jure segregation.
D) Fourteenth Amendment segregation.

Question 31

With the exception of Korean Americans and Vietnamese Americans, Asian Americans have the highest median income compared to the whole population. Asian Americans are also twice as likely as the population as a whole to do which of the following?

A) Run for political office
B) Attend private secondary schools
C) Complete a bachelor's degree or higher
D) Enter the same profession as the generation before held

Question 32

In general, women earn about 80 cents for every dollar earned by men. This is generally not due to direct wage discrimination. Instead it is explained by the fact that

A) the nation's occupational fields are still divided between traditionally male and female jobs.
B) executive-level jobs typically dominated by females pay more.
C) the 'old boys' network is at play.
D) fewer women work in the service industries.

Question 33

The Cherokees unsuccessfully tried to use the white man's law to defend their land in which of the following cases?

A) Cherokee Nation v. Florida (1831)
B) Indian Nation v. GA (1831)
C) Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
D) Cherokee Nation v. The United States (1831)

Question 34

Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most comprehensive civil rights legislation ever considered it does not prohibit discrimination in

A) public accommodations.
B) the sale or rental of a dwelling.
C) programs receiving federal funds.
D) employment.

Question 35

The landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared that segregation itself violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was

A) Roe v. Wade.
B) Plessy v. Ferguson.
C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
D) Cherokee Nation v. Georgia.

Question 36

In the early 1960s, the civil rights movement stepped up its protests and demonstrations and attracted worldwide attention. Which of the following combination of strategies was used to call attention to the issues of the movement?

A) Sit-ins, riots, and speeches containing anti-American rhetoric
B) Sit-ins, freedom rides, picketing campaigns, boycotts, and mass marches
C) Sit-ins, lynching, and mass marches
D) Mass marches, occupying government buildings by force, and sit-ins

Question 37

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in

A) public accommodations.
B) the sale or rental of a dwelling.
C) programs receiving federal funds.
D) employment.

Question 38

The initial goal of the civil rights movement was the elimination of direct legal segregation. This was accomplished through

A) a minority revolution.
B) the passing of the Dawes Act.
C) the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
D) the creation of more relaxed segregation laws.

Question 39

In an effort to narrow the gap between races and genders, the government practices this form of compensatory or preferential treatment.

A) Separate but equal
B) Affirmative action
C) Mass protests
D) Strict scrutiny

Question 40

Women have made inroads in traditionally male, white-collar occupations. Those occupations include all but which of the following professions?

A) Physician
B) Engineer
C) Nurse
D) Lawyer

Question 41

Describe the intent and outcome of the Dawes Act.

Question 42

Discuss the similarities between any two minority groups' struggles for equal treatment.

Question 43

The __________ bans discrimination against people with disabilities in education, employment, health care, housing, and transportation to all programs and organizations.

Question 44

The ___________ Amendment extended the right to vote to women.

A) Nineteenth
B) Twentieth
C) Fifteenth
D) Fourteenth

Question 45

The eligibility pool includes people with the characteristics that voters deem suitable for elective office. Which of the following is not a variable studied by researchers working to explain why so few women are elected to government office in the United States?

A) Voter bias
B) The impact of money on women's election rates
C) Levels of political ambition of women in the eligibility pool
D) Physical appearance of the female candidate

Question 46

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 sought to put the principal responsibility for immigration control on _________.

Question 47

Several LGBT rights organizations were formed after the Stonewall Rebellion in 1969, during which groups of gay men and women clashed violently with police in NYC. One such group was

A) Lambda Legal
B) Gay Pride
C) the Rainbow Coalition
D) all of these.

Question 48

The 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade recognized women's constitutional right to an abortion. In this decision, the Court determined that the fetus was

A) not a person within the meaning of the Constitution.
B) not to be considered in determining women's Constitutional rights.
C) not conscious of its own life.
D) all of these.

Question 49

Discuss the consequences of President Franklin Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066.

Question 50

The immigration policy is a responsibility of the __________ government.

Question 51

The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade did not end the controversy over abortion. Congress banned the use of federal funds under Medicaid for abortions EXCEPT

A) if a woman already had more than two children.
B) when a woman could provide proof that she couldn't financially support another child.
C) to protect the reputation of a woman.
D) to protect the life of a woman.

Question 52

Compensatory or preferential treatment of minorities is called _________.

Question 53

Discuss the major policy victory won by the American Indian Movement in 1975.

Question 54

Explain why many credit the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas with starting the modern civil rights movement.

Question 55

For many years, feminist activity focused on the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution. This amendment would have struck down

A) all existing preferences for women in care-giver occupations.
B) all differences in salary for men and women doing the same job.
C) all existing legal inequalities in state and federal laws between men and women.
D) all of these.

Question 56

What was the initial goal of the Civil Rights Movement and how was it to be obtained?

Question 57

Which of the following was not established by the Supreme Court as an indicator of sexual harassment?

A) State of mind of the employer
B) Unreasonable interference with the work environment
C) Frequency
D) Severity of incident(s)

Question 58

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 extends the ban on discrimination against people with disabilities. The ban extended to which of these areas?

A) Education
B) Employment
C) Health care
D) All of these

Question 59

The "Indian Wars" were fought between the Plains Indian tribes and _________.

Question 60

In 1993 the Supreme Court of Hawaii ruled that it was a violation of the Hawaii state constitution to deny same sex couples the right to marry. Even so, the federal government does not recognize same-sex marriages or civil unions, as stated in the

A) Defense of LBGTs Act of 1996.
B) Defense of Marriage Act of 1996.
C) Support for Marriage Act of 1996.
D) Support for Gender Identity Act of 1997.

Question 61

What are the categories of noncitizens admitted into the United States, and why are they allowed in the country?

Question 62

Explain current immigration policy to the United States. Whom does this policy favor? How does it differ from former policies?

Question 63

Write an essay that shows the link between American westward expansion and the major legislation that shaped the historical experiences of Native Americans.

Question 64

Analyze the impact of sex-role stereotypes on women's participation in government, in elected office in particular.

Question 65

Compare and contrast the experiences in American life between Cuban Americans and Mexican Americans. How might these different experiences influence the tendency of the groups to identify themselves separately rather than as Hispanics?

Question 66

Formulate a time line in essay form that illustrates the major judicial decisions and ensuing federal legislation that have resulted in more rights to all minorities.

Question 67

In an essay, present real world examples of how discrimination based on race, ethnicity, disability, and sexual orientation might diminish an individual’s power. Be sure to give one example for each category of minority

Question 68

Describe the efforts by the U.S. Supreme Court to clearly define sexual harassment since Title VII of the Civil Rights Act was enacted in 1964.

Question 69

Did the women's movement copy the black civil rights movement in legal arguments, legal goals, and forms of political action, or does the women's rights movement have a separate history and set of dynamics of its own? Give examples and evidence for your assertions and conclusions.