Deck 4: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the two main functions of the nuclear envelope?

A) provides residence for ribosomes
B) allows separation of DNA from cytoplasm machinery
C) provides total isolation of nuclear components
D) enables faster cell division
E) enables larger cell size

Answer 1

A

Question 2

One generalization of the cell theory is that

A) all cells have a nucleus.
B) all cells have cell walls.
C) the cell is the smallest unit that displays the properties of life.
D) cells can arise from nonliving matter.
E) all cells are microscopic.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As few as ____ Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells can cause disease.

A) 11
B) 100
C) 10
D) hundreds
E) thousands

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A malfunction in one of the lysosomal enzymes responsible for breaking down gangliosides leads to

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) Huntington's disease.
C) cretinism.
D) muscular dystrophy.
E) Tay-Sachs disease

Question 5

An organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a transport vesicle is the

A) mitochondrion.
B) chloroplast.
C) nucleolus.
D) Golgi body.
E) peroxisome.

Question 6

Groups of bacteria living together in a close knit group are also known as

A) eukaryotes.
B) all pathogenic bacteria.
C) monophylogenic cultures.
D) biofilms.
E) all of these.

Question 7

All of the following are tenets of the cell theory EXCEPT that

A) all organisms consist of one or more cells.
B) the cell is the smallest unit that retains the characteristics of life.
C) since the first cell, each new cell is descended from previous cells.
D) each cell is composed of products that it manufactures.
E) cells may arise spontaneously under certain laboratory conditions.

Question 8

Which is the correct sequence of polypeptide transport in the secretory pathway?

A) plasma membrane >>> Golgi bodies >>> ER >>> ribosome
B) plasma membrane >>> ER >>> Golgi bodies >>> ribosome
C) ribosome >>> Golgi bodies >>> ER >>> plasma membrane
D) ribosome >>> ER >>> Golgi bodies >>> plasma membrane
E) Golgi bodies >>> ribosomes >>> ER >>> plasma membrane

Question 9

The tube-like structures extending from these bacterial cells in the picture above to the underlying cells in the above figure are used for

A) attachment.
B) locomotion.
C) whipping up proteins.
D) breathing.
E) communication.

Question 10

The best microscope to use to view internal features of specimens is the

A) basic light microscope.
B) phase contrast light microscope.
C) Nomarski process light microscope.
D) scanning electron microscope.
E) transmission electron microscope.

Question 11

Volume increases by the ____ of the diameter, and surface area increases by ____ of the diameter.

A) square; doubling
B) square; the cube
C) cube; the square
D) cube; the cube
E) none of these is the correct answer

Question 12

Prokaryotes

A) have nucleoid regions.
B) are unicellular.
C) may have cell walls.
D) are either bacteria or archaeans.
E) are or have all of these.

Question 13

Bacteria in the intestinal tract prevent pathogens from causing disease by

A) crowding them out.
B) eating other bacteria.
C) producing protein traps to kill them.
D) submerging them in acid in the stomach.
E) doing all of these.

Question 14

Tay-Sachs disease affects which system?

A) reproductive
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) nervous
E) cardiovascular

Question 15

The area labeled "A" is

A) a nucleus.
B) chromatin.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) a vacuole.
E) a nucleolus.

Question 16

The first person acknowledged to have seen living, moving cells by using a microscope was

A) Robert Hooke.
B) Robert Brown.
C) Galileo Galilee.
D) Rudolf Virchow.
E) Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 17

Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids?

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) peroxisomes

Question 18

Where in cells are proteins manufactured?

A) Golgi bodies
B) vesicles
C) rough endoplasmic reticula
D) lysosomes
E) smooth endoplasmic reticula

Question 19

The components of membranes that account for most of their active functions are

A) carbohydrates.
B) sterols.
C) proteins.
D) fats.
E) phospholipids.

Question 20

Which of the following are the primary structures that package cellular secretions for export from the cell?

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticula

Question 21

The cell wall

A) provides physical support for plant cells.
B) controls the transport of materials out of the cell.
C) replaces the plasma membrane in plant cells.
D) is found in all eukaryotes.
E) prevents the transport of toxic substances into the plant cells.

Question 22

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating various types of cell junctions.
The cell junction labeled "B" in the figure

A) prevents movement of materials between cells.
B) allows passage of a signal to contract heart muscles.
C) allows the free passage of materials between cells.
D) is found mostly in stomach tissue.
E) is found in most tissues except heart muscle.

Question 23

The cytoskeleton

A) extends between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
B) is found within the nucleus.
C) is associated with only certain cell structures.
D) is found within organelles.
E) is found in all animal cells but not in cells with cell walls.

Question 24

Which of the following contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP?

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticula

Question 25

Cilia and flagella are most similar in

A) length.
B) the kinds of cells that have them.
C) the number that cells usually have.
D) their internal composition and structure.
E) their location along the cell's periphery.

Question 26

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
microtubules

Question 27

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Which of the following is true of the structure labeled "B"?

A) It is composed of tubulin subunits.
B) It is composed of actin subunits.
C) It is a microtubule.
D) It is an intermediate filament.
E) It is found in cells that give rise to nails and hair.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a property of living things?

A) They can change over generations.
B) They use DNA as the genetic material.
C) They change over their lifetime.
D) They engage in processes to maintain homeostasis.
E) All of these are true

Question 29

Four of the five structures listed below are associated with membranes.Select the exception.

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) granum
C) plasma membrane
D) chromosome
E) nuclear envelope

Question 30

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Which of the following is true of the structure labeled "A"?

A) It is composed of tubulin subunits.
B) It is composed of actin subunits.
C) It is a microfilament.
D) It is an intermediate filament.
E) It is a major component of muscle cells.

Question 31

The cell walls of plant cells that have stopped growing and actively dividing are characterized by the presence of

A) pectin.
B) cellulose.
C) glue-like polysaccharides.
D) lignin.
E) a gluey matrix containing rope-like strands.

Question 32

Lamins are

A) myosin.
B) microtubules.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) microfilaments.
E) all of these.

Question 33

Four of the five items listed below are organelles found in eukaryotic cells.Select the exception.

A) mitochondrion
B) Golgi body
C) nucleoid
D) lysosome
E) vacuole

Question 34

Four of the five answers listed below are types of intercellular connections.Select the exception.

A) tight junctions
B) gap junctions
C) plasmodesmata
D) adhering junctions
E) plasmalemma

Question 35

The space between the two membranes of the mitochondrion accumulates

A) proteins.
B) H⁺.
C) carbohydrates.
D) H₂O₂.
E) CO₂.

Question 36

The mitochondrion harnesses the energy of the flow of ____ from its ____ compartment to its ____ compartment to generate ATP.

A) CO₂; outer; inner
B) H⁺; outer; inner
C) H⁺; inner; outer
D) H₂O₂; outer; inner
E) CO₂; inner; outer

Question 37

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
chloroplasts

Question 38

Four of the five items listed below are chloroplast features.Select the exception.

A) stroma
B) granum
C) microbody
D) pigment
E) ATP

Question 39

Which of the following is thought to be the descendant of engulfed ancient bacteria?

A) nuclei
B) Golgi bodies
C) ER
D) mitochondria
E) lysosomes

Question 40

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating various types of cell junctions.
The cell junctions labeled "A" in the figure

A) prevent movement of materials between cells.
B) are found in tissues subjected to stretching.
C) allow the free passage of materials between cells.
D) are found mostly in heart muscle.
E) are found in most tissues except in the stomach.

Question 41

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
Proteins are synthesized on this tiny, two-part organelle.

Question 42

DNA + nucleoplasm

Question 43

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
DNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus.Its breakdown can occur in this organelle.

Question 44

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
mitochondria

Question 45

Golgi body

Question 46

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
Aerobic respiration occurs in this organelle.

Question 47

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
nucleoli

Question 48

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
The cellular digestion and disposal of biological molecules occurs inside this organelle.

Question 49

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle is the site of polypeptide assembly.

Question 50

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
ribosomes

Question 51

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Golgi bodies

Question 52

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
The packaging of secretory proteins occurs in association with this structure.

Question 53

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle is involved in lipid production and protein transport.

Question 54

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
DNA molecules

Question 55

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
RNA molecules

Question 56

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
central vacuoles

Question 57

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.package cellular secretions for export
d.extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g.store substances
h.encode hereditary information
i.help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
lysosomes

Question 58

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
Sugar metabolism occurs in association with this organelle.

Question 59

components of cytoskeleton

Question 60

Classification.The following items are organelles found in animal cells.Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.ribosome
b.mitochondrion
c.lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.endoplasmic reticulum
RNA carries out the genetic code translation process in association with ribosomes on this organelle.

Question 61

nucleolus

Question 62

A number of ____________ cover the rough ER.

Question 63

smooth ER

Question 64

In the development of the cell theory, Schleiden and Schwann did not study prokaryotes.Why might this have limited their understanding of cells?

Question 65

What are the properties of life?

Question 66

vesicle

Question 67

mitochondrion

Question 68

microtubules

Question 69

ribosomes

Question 70

lysosome

Question 71

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound ___________ in their cytoplasm.

Question 72

Prokaryote means before the nucleus, but what general feature could prokaryotes also be said to lack?

Question 73

Chart the path of molecules of a secreted protein beginning at the DNA for a eukaryote.

Question 74

nucleus

Question 75

rough ER

Question 76

The ______ body is used to package and ship components to other organelles and out of the cytoplasm.

Question 77

nuclear envelope

Question 78

microfilaments

Question 79

plasma membrane

Question 80

pair of centrioles