Deck 39: Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Question 1

Figure 39-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 39-1.What major function is associated with this type of tissue?

A) protection of underlying cells from abrasion
B) movement of materials along a tissue surface
C) producing secretions such as mucus and sweat
D) secretion and absorption
E) strength.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Exocrine glands:

A) have products that are transported via the circulatory system.
B) lack ducts.
C) include goblet cells and sweat glands.
D) release hormones.
E) lack epithelial tissue.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The four basic animal tissues are:

A) connective, digestive, nervous, and respiratory.
B) blood, bone, connective, and epithelial.
C) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
D) digestive, nervous, reproductive, and respiratory.
E) circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and sensory.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The type of epithelial tissue you would expect to find lining the upper respiratory tract is:

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) ciliated columnar epithelium.
D) stratified squamous epithelium.
E) ciliated squamous epithelium.

Question 5

Which type of epithelial cells will provide the most protection against abrasion, such as your foot rubbing against the bottom of your shoe?

A) simple squamous
B) stratified squamous
C) simple cuboidal
D) pseudostratified columnar
E) endothelium

Question 6

Which of the following could be used to demonstrate a homeostatic mechanism?

A) city buses transporting people from their houses to their jobs
B) water stored behind a dam being released to make electricity
C) a hot water heater keeping the water temperature near 100 degrees
D) a series of underground passageways connected to a large building
E) the seasonal changes that occur in the daily temperature

Question 7

Epithelial tissue is least likely to:

A) contract.
B) be specialized as sensory receptors.
C) provide protection.
D) regulate exchange of substances between parts of the body.
E) produce and secrete cell products.

Question 8

Which of the following is not an explanation for the increased body size of animals?

A) It is related to their ecological niche.
B) Predators are usually larger than their prey.
C) They needed a new body plan to be successful.
D) Large size gave greater opportunity for capturing food.
E) Larger size required larger cells.

Question 9

Tissues associate to form:

A) cells.
B) organs.
C) organ systems.
D) organisms.
E) tumor.

Question 10

Select the best reason why collagen fibers are abundant in tendons.

A) abrasion
B) contractility
C) protection
D) strength
E) secretion

Question 11

Figure 39-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Which of the following is one of the main locations for the type of tissue in Figure 39-1?

A) lining of the digestive tract
B) within blood vessels
C) dermis of the skin
D) respiratory passages
E) air sacs of the lungs

Question 12

Figure 39-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The type of tissue illustrated in Figure 39-1 is:

A) elastic connective tissue.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) pseudostratified epithelium.
D) cartilage.
E) adipose tissue.

Question 13

A tissue is represented by a group of __________ adapted to carry out __________.

A) closely associated, similar cells; specific functions
B) closely associated, different cells; specific functions
C) loosely associated, different cells; different functions
D) loosely associated, different cells; specific functions
E) closely associated, similar cells; different function

Question 14

Which membrane type lines body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the digestive tract?

A) serous membrane
B) exocrine membrane
C) endocrine membrane
D) basement membrane
E) mucous membrane

Question 15

Which of the following examples could be used to describe the relationship between cells and tissues?

A) five 2100 model computers with the same features linked together to perform mathematical calculations
B) five 2100 model computers with the same features connected to the internet
C) three 2100 model computers linked for mathematical calculations joined to two 2100 model computers linked for processing student records
D) three 2100 model computers made by Dell and three 2500 model computers made by Hewlett Packard connected to the same internet
E) five different types of computer discs containing stored information

Question 16

Which of the following is specifically affected when the dentist gives you a shot to reduce the amount of saliva you produce?

A) endocrine glands
B) exocrine glands
C) goblet cells
D) hormone release
E) apical cells

Question 17

Lungs absorb oxygen from inhaled air, and the small intestine move ingested material through the digestive tract and absorbs nutrients from ingested food.Which of the following statements describes the type of epithelium you would expect to line each of these surfaces?

A) They are both lined by a simple squamous epithelium.
B) They are both lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium.
C) The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium.
D) The lungs are lined by a columnar epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a simple squamous epithelium.
E) The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false? Typically, one surface of an epithelial tissue layer:

A) is attached to a basement membrane.
B) is freely exposed.
C) lines cavities.
D) consists of loosely packed cells with several intermediate spaces.
E) covers body surfaces.

Question 19

Homeostatic mechanisms are processes that:

A) connect distant parts of the body by transporting materials.
B) store and release fuel needed for cellular respiration.
C) maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
D) form lamellae within the osteons.
E) relay, process, and store information.

Question 20

For gas exchange to occur quickly and efficiently, which type of epithelium must be present on all respiratory surfaces?

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) ciliated columnar epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) ciliated squamous epithelium

Question 21

Bone cells called __________ continually remodel bone.

A) chondrocytes
B) adipocytes
C) osteons
D) osteocytes
E) lamellae

Question 22

Figure 39-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Intercalated disks are gap junctions between cells of:

A) smooth muscle tissue.
B) skeletal muscle tissue.
C) cardiac muscle tissue.
D) both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue.
E) all forms of muscle tissue.

Question 23

Which of the following would not be found in loose connective tissue?

A) collagen fibers
B) reticular fibers
C) actin proteins
D) elastic fibers
E) fibroblasts

Question 24

Cartilage is different from bone because cartilage:

A) is rich in nerves.
B) contains veins.
C) has a matrix that is composed almost exclusively of collagen.
D) contains lymphatic vessels.
E) contains arteries.

Question 25

Bone cells communicate with one another by:

A) Haversian canals.
B) cellular extensions running through canaliculi.
C) lymphatic vessels.
D) diffusion through the matrix.
E) lamellae.

Question 26

Figure 39-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The type of tissue represented by Figure 39-2 is:

A) adipose tissue.
B) bone.
C) cartilage.
D) simple squamous epithelium.
E) elastic connective tissue.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue?

A) storing food
B) secretion
C) storing fat
D) insulation
E) supporting organs

Question 28

The risk of developing cancer can be decreased by:

A) increasing the amount of nitrates in the diet.
B) exposing questionable tumors to x-rays.
C) increasing the amount of unprocessed fruits in the diet.
D) examining the breasts and testes every two years.
E) exposing neoplasms to UV radiation.

Question 29

Figure 39-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The difference between elastic and reticular fibers is that only elastic fibers:

A) are branched.
B) stretch.
C) are made of collagen.
D) form the supporting framework for organs.
E) have a high tensile strength.

Question 30

Figure 39-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

A) skin
B) adipose tissue
C) blood
D) bone
E) lymph

Question 31

Why is bone vascular but cartilage avascular?

A) Diffusion alone could not provide enough nourishment to bone cells, as it does for cartilage.
B) Vascular tissue makes the bone lighter.
C) Vascular tissue adds to the strength of the bone.
D) Only bone contains lacunae.
E) There is little space for arteries and veins in cartilage.

Question 32

Which cells or cell components play an essential role in the clotting of blood?

A) erythrocytes
B) platelets
C) leukocytes
D) hemoglobin
E) plasma

Question 33

If dense bone lacked canaliculi:

A) there would be no blood supply to the cells.
B) diffusion between cells would not be possible.
C) there would be no nerve supply to the tissue.
D) the extracellular matrix would not be formed by osteoblasts.
E) the osteoclasts would not be able to remodel the bone.

Question 34

One difference between cardiac muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers is that cardiac muscle fibers:

A) have several nuclei, while skeletal muscle fibers do not.
B) are not striated, while skeletal muscle fibers are.
C) are under voluntary control, while skeletal muscle fibers are not.
D) branch and form complex networks, while skeletal muscle fibers do not.
E) are cylindrical-shaped, while skeletal muscle fibers are spindle-shaped.

Question 35

Which of the following cell types would not be found in connective tissue?

A) macrophages
B) red blood cells
C) chondrocytes
D) pseudostratified cells
E) adipose cells

Question 36

Figure 39-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
One function of the type of tissue represented in Figure 39-2 is:

A) insulation.
B) flexible support.
C) calcium reservoir.
D) oxygen transport.
E) secretion and absorption.

Question 37

Cartilage-producing cells occupy small cavities in cartilage called __________, while bone-producing cells occupy cavities in bone called __________.

A) lacunae; Haversian canals
B) canaliculi; Haversian canals
C) lacunae; canaliculi
D) lamellae; lacunae
E) lacunae; lacunae

Question 38

The major constituent of regular dense connective tissue is:

A) adipose cells.
B) collagen fibers.
C) reticular fibers.
D) macrophages.
E) a semifluid matrix.

Question 39

Although they are two different types of connective tissue, cartilage and bone have what feature in common?

A) lacunae and Haversian canals
B) canaliculi and Haversian canals
C) lacunae and canaliculi
D) lamellae
E) lacunae

Question 40

Figure 39-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Both smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers:

A) have striations.
B) are under involuntary control.
C) are multinucleate.
D) have a comparable intermediate resistance to fatigue.
E) have a comparable intermediate speed of contraction.

Question 41

Figure 39-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Based on Figure 39-3, which of the following is not a response to a decrease in body temperature?

A) the release of thyroid hormone.
B) the contraction of blood vessels.
C) an increase in metabolic rate.
D) an increase in voluntary movement.
E) evaporation of water.

Question 42

The integumentary system

A) covers and protects the body.
B) connects muscles to skin.
C) suspends organs in the abdominal cavity.
D) contains endocrine glands.
E) regulates muscle control.

Question 43

Which of the following is an external stressor?

A) noise
B) low blood sugar
C) blood pressure
D) salt concentrations
E) pH

Question 44

A negative feedback system is designed to set off mechanisms that will:

A) lower the abnormal value until it reaches its normal level.
B) increase the abnormal value until it reaches normal levels.
C) return the system to steady-state levels.
D) speed up the body's response until it reaches its normal levels.
E) slow down the metabolic rate until steady-state levels are reached.

Question 45

Figure 39-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
In Figure 39-3, the responses initiated at point A in response to an increase in body temperature include:

A) a decrease in sweating and panting.
B) a decrease in muscle activity.
C) a constriction of blood vessels.
D) an increase in metabolism.
E) shivering.

Question 46

Figure 39-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

A) increase in body temperature when exposed to cold
B) increased muscle contractions during labor
C) decreased insulin production in response to low blood sugar
D) increased respiration rate in response to decreased blood pH
E) Both choices A and B are correct.

Question 47

In a nerve cell, the function of the dendrites is to:

A) conduct impulses away from the cell body.
B) attach the neuron to connective tissue.
C) receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body.
D) increase the speed at which nerve impulses are carried away from the cell body.
E) support and nourish the neuron.

Question 48

Briefly discuss mechanisms that ectotherms can use to regulate their body temperature.

Question 49

A primary difference between a normal cell and a cancerous cell is

A) the cell must be directly exposed to a carcinogen.
B) the cell must lose normal cell division controls
C) the cell must go through mitosis at least 25 times.
D) the cell must be located in either connective tissue or muscle.
E) the cell must be located in epithelial tissue..

Question 50

Panting in mammals is the equivalent of which process in birds?

A) panting
B) sweating
C) estivation
D) acclimatization
E) torpor

Question 51

Ectothermic animals:

A) depend on heat from the external environment to adjust their body temperatures.
B) may dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow and heat to the skin.
C) maintain a relatively constant body temperature despite external temperatures.
D) may have feathers to keep them insulated.
E) may have body fat to keep them insulated.

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning the heart is false?

A) It is an organ.
B) It contains endothelium.
C) It contains nerves.
D) It is an organ system.
E) It contains smooth muscle.

Question 53

The ability of animals to adjust to seasonal changes in temperature is called:

A) acclimatization.
B) estivation.
C) homeostatic adjustment.
D) torpor.
E) hibernation.

Question 54

Carcinomas describe:

A) cancers that develop from connective tissue.
B) cancers that develop from muscle.
C) cancers that develop from epithelial tissue.
D) the migration of cancer cells through blood or lymph channels.
E) genes that transform normal cells into cancer cells.

Question 55

Thermoregulation in ectotherms can be accomplished by all of the following except:

A) migration.
B) basking.
C) burrowing.
D) seasonal variations in the external environment.
E) increasing their metabolism.

Question 56

Which of the following correctly represents length of axons found in humans?

A) 0.1 to 1 mm
B) 1 to 10 mm
C) 1 mm to 10 cm
D) 1 mm to 1 m
E) over 1 m

Question 57

Studies suggest that to become malignant, neoplasms must establish

A) contact inhibition.
B) a blood supply.
C) a nutrient source.
D) a second genetic mutation.
E) a mutation.

Question 58

Explain the relationship between body size and multicellularity.

Question 59

Figure 39-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The state of torpor caused by lack of food or water during periods of high temperature is called:

A) acclimatization.
B) hibernation.
C) conformation.
D) estivation.
E) integration.

Question 60

Which of the following statements about stress is true?

A) It impacts only one organ system at a given time.
B) It does not influence the function of the nervous system.
C) It causes a body response to attempt to maintain homeostasis.
D) It means that the internal and external environments are stable.
E) It impacts only one organ at a given time.

Question 61

Reticular fibers are the most numerous type of fiber that comprise connective tissue.
____________________

Question 62

The cells that comprise pseudostratified epithelium occur in layers.
____________________

Question 63

Briefly discuss physiological mechanisms that regulate body temperature in endotherms.

Question 64

Shivering helps increase body temperature.
____________________

Question 65

MATCHING
Match the tissue with its description.
a.connective
c.muscle
b.epithelial
d.nervous
bone

Question 66

MATCHING
Match the tissue with its description.
a.connective
c.muscle
b.epithelial
d.nervous
fibroblasts

Question 67

Cardiac muscle fibers lack striations.
____________________

Question 68

Glial cells support and nourish neurons.
____________________

Question 69

MATCHING
Match the tissue with its description.
a.connective
c.muscle
b.epithelial
d.nervous
glands

Question 70

In bone, capillaries and nerves pass through Haversian canals.
____________________

Question 71

MATCHING
Match the tissue with its description.
a.connective
c.muscle
b.epithelial
d.nervous
synapses

Question 72

The cells of bone are called chondrocytes.
____________________

Question 73

Briefly discuss five ways to decrease your risk of developing cancer.

Question 74

Platelets are cellular fragments.
____________________

Question 75

Cuboidal epithelial cells are thin, flat cells.
____________________

Question 76

A serous membrane lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside of the body.
____________________

Question 77

MATCHING
Match the tissue with its description.
a.connective
c.muscle
b.epithelial
d.nervous
blood

Question 78

Epithelial tissues are attached to the underlying tissues by a basement membrane.
____________________

Question 79

The human body's "thermostat" is the hypothalamus.
____________________

Question 80

Endotherms depend on the environment for their body heat.
____________________