Deck 13: Big Data Basics: Describing Samples and Populations

Question 1

Percentage frequency is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The mode is the measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The central limit theorem states that, as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of samples of size n (when randomly selected) approaches a normal distribution.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A cross reference is an estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value.

Question 5

A top box score generally refers to the frequency count of respondents who choose the most favorable response toward a company.

Question 6

A confidence interval estimate is a specified range of numbers within which a population mean is expected to lie.

Question 7

If between 125 and 150 units of a product have been produced each day during the past month, the range of this production is 25 units.

Question 8

One hundred percent of the scores in a normal distribution fall within plus or minus two standard deviations of the mean.

Question 9

The average deviation score is frequently used in marketing research studies.

Question 10

The normal distribution is a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution that describes the expected probability distribution of many chance occurrences.

Question 11

The mean is simply the arithmetic average.

Question 12

A frequency distribution of a sample is called a sample distribution.

Question 13

The standardized normal distribution is a purely theoretical probability distribution that is of little use in inferential statistics.

Question 14

The midpoint of a distribution, above which and below which half of the scores fall, is called the mode.

Question 15

A common practice in marketing research is to use the 75 percent confidence interval about the mean in research studies.

Question 16

Population parameters are computed from sample data.

Question 17

The value of Z is computed by the formula: Z = (X - $\mu$ )/ $\sigma$ .

Question 18

The standardized normal distribution has a mean of 1.0 and a standard deviation of zero.

Question 19

The primary purpose of inferential statistics is to make a judgment about a population.

Question 20

Auxiliary variables are those that the researcher should build into a survey that allow a comparison between sample units that do respond and those that do not respond.

Question 21

The formula below is used to calculate the ____.

A) mode of a sample
B) median of a sample
C) sample mean
D) range of a sample

Question 22

Suppose the price of MP3 players in Denver range from $59 to $179. Then, the range of these prices is ____.

A) $59
B) $120
C) $179
D) $238

Question 23

Which of the following is not a measure of the central tendency of a set of scores?

A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) range

Question 24

Suppose the average units produced in a month by a Ford Motor Co. plant for Ford Explorers is 22, but only 18 Explorers are produced on a given day in that same month. Then, the deviation score for this one day is ____.

A) -4
B) -2
C) +2
D) +4

Question 25

Find the mean score of the following set of scores: 2, 5, 7, 4, 8.

A) 4.8
B) 5.2
C) 7.0
D) 26.0

Question 26

Three factors are required to specify sample size: (1) the variance of the population; (2) the population mean; and (3) the confidence level.

Question 27

In a test marked study, 206 out of a sample of 560 people state that they "liked" the product being studied. The proportion of people in this study who said that they liked this product was about:

A) .23
B) .37
C) .56
D) .71

Question 28

When a researcher wants to estimate national market share based on the results of the test market for a new product in St. Louis and Kansas City, this is an example of:

A) descriptive statistics
B) the central limit theorem
C) inferential statistics
D) the standardized normal distribution

Question 29

A researcher must calculate the sample mean to calculate the confidence intervals.

Question 30

In most cases, the size of the population does not have a major effect on the sample size.

Question 31

____ is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur.

A) Probability
B) Central tendency
C) Estimation
D) Deviation

Question 32

Increases in sample size reduce sampling error at a decreasing rate.

Question 33

Summary measures about variables computed using only data taken from a sample are called sample:

A) statistics
B) parameters
C) estimates
D) scores

Question 34

Which of the following refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question?

A) heteroskedasticity
B) mode
C) median
D) top-box score

Question 35

The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is the ____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Question 36

The measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often is called the ____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Question 37

Nicole has created a table that summarizes the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs. Nicole has created a ____ distribution.

A) parameter
B) normal
C) frequency
D) probability

Question 38

The ____ is a measure of dispersion.

A) mean
B) proportion
C) range
D) mode

Question 39

The arithmetic average of a set of numbers is referred to as the _____.

A) proportion
B) mode
C) mean
D) median

Question 40

The confidence interval increases as the sample size, n, increases.

Question 41

The formula below is used to compute ____.

A) standard deviation
B) standard error of the mean
C) standard error of the proportion
D) variance

Question 42

An estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value, usually the sample mean, is called a ____.

A) confidence interval estimate
B) standard deviation
C) point estimate
D) variant

Question 43

If the sample standard deviation is 10.5 and the sample mean is 48 based on a study with a sample size of 120, the 95 percent confidence interval about the mean is between approximately ____.

A) 44.37 and 51.63
B) 46.12 and 49.88
C) 47.88 and 48.12
D) 40.0 and 50.0

Question 44

When you add up a set of scores and divide the result by the number of scores, you have determined the ____________________ of the distribution.

Question 45

Which theorem states that as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of size n, randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution?

A) prospect
B) central-limit
C) dispersion
D) entropy

Question 46

The following formula is used to compute ____.

A) standard error of the mean
B) standard deviation
C) standard normal distribution
D) variance

Question 47

One of the most common probability distributions in statistics is the _____ distribution.

A) normal
B) standard
C) central
D) confidence interval

Question 48

If 35 percent of TV viewers recalled seeing an ad for a Ford Explorer on a particular television program based on a sample of 800 viewers, the 95 percent confidence interval for this study would be between approximately ____.

A) 30 percent and 40 percent
B) 32 percent and 38 percent
C) 28 percent and 42 percent
D) 20 percent and 30 percent

Question 49

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is called the ____.

A) range
B) standard median
C) dispersion
D) standard error of the mean

Question 50

A frequency distribution organized into a table or graph that summarizes percentage values associated with particular values of a variable is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 51

The percentage of elements that meet some criterion is referred to as the ____________________.

Question 52

Find the approximate standard deviation of the following set of scores: 3, 6, 2, 7, 8.

A) 2.24
B) 2.59
C) 3.32
D) 6.70

Question 53

Which of the following is the symbol for the population standard deviation?

A) S
B) $\sigma$
C) $\mu$
D) S2

Question 54

Measured characteristics of a specific population are called ____________________.

Question 55

All of the following are characteristics of the standardized normal distribution EXCEPT that it ____.

A) is symmetrical about its mean
B) has an infinite number of cases
C) mean identifies the normal curve's highest point (the mode)
D) has a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 0

Question 56

Which of the following is the symbol for the sample standard deviation?

A) S
B) $\mu$ 2
C) $\sigma$
D) $\sigma$ 2

Question 57

A frequency distribution of the population elements is called a ____.

A) normal distribution
B) sample statistic
C) population distribution
D) standard error

Question 58

Which of the following eliminates the drawback of having the measure of dispersion in squared units rather than in the original measurement units?

A) standard deviation
B) variance
C) deviation
D) mean

Question 59

When a data set is summarized by counting the number of times each value for a variable occurs in the sample, this is known as a ____________________.

Question 60

Suppose a population mean is assumed to be 20 and the sample standard deviation is 5. Then, a score of 15 would have a Z-value of approximately ____.

A) -7.00
B) -1.00
C) +1.00
D) +5.00

Question 61

Describe the measures of dispersion and explain why standard deviation is used most often.

Question 62

The range of numbers within which the population mean is expected to lie 95 percent of the time referred to as a(n) ____________________ estimate.

Question 63

The middle score in a set of rank ordered scores is called the ____________________ score.

Question 64

An estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value is called a(n) ____________________ estimate.

Question 65

Explain the central-limit theorem and discuss why it is useful to marketing researchers.

Question 66

Traditionally, market researchers have used the ____________________ percent confidence level in research studies.

Question 67

The simplest measure of the dispersion of a set of scores is the ____________________.

Question 68

The idea that as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of samples of size n, when randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution is known as the ____________________.

Question 69

List the characteristics of the standardized normal distribution and explain why it is a useful distribution in inferential statistics.

Question 70

Discuss the three factors required to specify sample size.

Question 71

The ____________________ distribution is bell shaped.

Question 72

Name and describe the measures of central tendency.

Question 73

In computing a 95 percent confidence interval about a proportion for a sample size of 40, the appropriate Z-value to be used is ____________________.

Question 74

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is called the ____________________ of the mean.

Question 75

A frequency distribution of a sample is called a(n) ____________________.