Deck 3: Principles and Practices of Developmental Psychopathology

Question 1

An important reason to know a child's strengths is to design effective treatment plans utilizing these strengths.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The types of adaptational failures that may lead to psychopathology include which of the following?

A) delay, fixation, and process
B) delay, fixation, and deviance
C) fixation, deviance, and excess
D) fixation, deviance, and timing

Answer 2

B

Question 3

John and Sarah are both adolescents who experienced severe neglect as infants and toddlers. John has dropped out of high school and developed a significant substance abuse problem, while Sarah is class president and an honor roll student. This is an example of the concept of equifinality.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Peter's parents recognized early in his life that he was musically gifted, so they took him to concerts, provided music lessons, and bought him a viola. This is an example of a/n:

A) niche-seeking trajectory.
B) developmental trajectory.
C) mediating trajectory.
D) supporting trajectory.

Question 5

Dr. Smith is telling his psychology students that a child's adjustment and maladjustment develops and can be tracked across time. He is most likely lecturing on the concept of:

A) multifinality.
B) equifinality.
C) developmental pathways.
D) developmental psychopathology.

Question 6

One of the important concepts of the pathways model is the belief that a child's risk for psychopathology can change at any given point during development.

Question 7

The concept of process proposes that childhood disorders are a result of small developmental deviations that occur over time.

Question 8

Categories of risk factors include all except which of the following?

A) family
B) individual
C) social
D) spatial

Question 9

Which of the following statement is most accurate regarding competencies and incompetencies in children?

A) A child who is competent in one area of development will also be competent in others.
B) A child who is incompetent in one area of development may be competent in another.
C) A child who is incompetent in one area of development is at risk of developing a mental health disorder.
D) A child who is competent in one area of development is not at risk for developing a mental health disorder.

Question 10

Samantha's father was recently arrested for shoplifting and her mother lost her job as a teacher. These risk factors would most likely be considered transient.

Question 11

One of the primary goals of translational research is to make effective interventions more readily available to practitioners.

Question 12

The most common type of child maltreatment is sexual abuse.

Question 13

The ultimate impact of a risk factor is related to type, timing, number, and:

A) pattern.
B) construct.
C) dimension.
D) maltreatment.

Question 14

Delay, fixation, and deviance are examples of ________.

Question 15

Dr. Andersen wants to study the development of depression based on age and gender. If he wants his results to be available for a presentation next year, he should use which type of research approach?

A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) cross-sequential
D) developmental

Question 16

Passive correlations are a type of gene-by-environment interaction.

Question 17

The concept of developmental pathways is useful in understanding developmental psychopathology because it:

A) may help in understanding the need to intervene at certain points in a child's development.
B) gives a name to childhood disorders that may occur at different times in development.
C) helps educators adjust their instruction to meet the needs of children.
D) provides a framework for understanding a family's need for support.

Question 18

Pedro has learned that he can lose himself in a good book, which helps him escape his abusive father. Researchers refer to this as:

A) domains of competence.
B) arenas of comfort.
C) spaces of relative calm.
D) self-soothing skills.

Question 19

Adrienne's parents enjoy discussing politics and historical events at the dinner table and often engage Adrienne in their discussions. This is an example of a/n ________ trajectory.

Question 20

A child who becomes a competent adult despite the fact he grew up in an abusive, alcoholic family may have had the ability to positively adapt to his environment. This is known as:

A) protective factors.
B) personal resiliency factors.
C) resilience.
D) buffering factors.

Question 21

Write a short article designed for parents of children who have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder. Describe how they can provide an environment in which the potentially negative consequences of ADHD are minimized. Use concepts such as risk, resilience, protective pathways, trajectories, competence/incompetence, etc. (in parent-friendly terms) to illustrate your recommendations.

Question 22

Describe the three types of gene-by-environment interactions and give examples of each.

Question 23

Two 14-year-old girls are referred to the school psychologist because of poor attendance and poor academic achievement. This is compounded by family conflicts related to the girls' perceived lack of motivation and effort. Describe two different developmental pathways for the girls, with one having a more positive outcome and one a more negative outcome. Use the concepts of risk, risk factors, resilience, and protective factors to illustrate these two pathways.

Question 24

Dr. Vance is interested in how a child's adjustment (or maladjustment) reflects the cumulative consequences of transactions across domains and across time. His research might focus on ________.

Question 25

Describe how the understanding of developmental psychopathology can be considered a "developmental distortion." Provide at least three examples.

Question 26

Define and give examples of three types of risk factors associated with the development of psychopathology in children.

Question 27

Discuss child maltreatment including the various types of maltreatment. Who is most at risk for maltreatment?

Question 28

The ______ model proposes that change is possible at any point in development, but also can be limited by previous adaptations.

Question 29

Define, describe, and give two examples of domains of competence.

Question 30

Using the example of child maltreatment, discuss the importance of complex hypotheses and complex research designs to investigate the development of psychopathology.

Question 31

A child who has not experienced adversity could not be considered ________.

Question 32

Describe the role of protective factors in preventing psychopathology in children. Give at least five examples.

Question 33

Compare and contrast the concepts of equifinality and multifinality. Give concrete examples of each and how these concepts help in the understanding of developmental psychopathology.

Question 34

The authors of the text assert that "children's disorders coexist with their talents and successes." Discuss this statement and how it relates to identification and treatment of children with mental health issues.

Question 35

________ risk increases a child's vulnerability to psychopathology, while ________ risk increases a child's vulnerability to a unique type of psychopathology.

Question 36

Prepare a proposal to your university's institutional review board (IRB) advocating for the approval of your translational research designed to pilot an innovative educational strategy for use with young children with autism. In your proposal, identify the pros and cons of "traditional" or basic research and translational research.

Question 37

Identify any risk factors you may have experienced as a youth (or someone else with whom you are familiar). What protective factors were present in your life that may have buffered the impact of those risk factors?

Question 38

As adolescents, both Gus and Josh have developed anxiety disorder despite the fact that they had very different family structures, personality characteristics and traumatic experiences. This is an example of ________.

Question 39

A child's athletic ability might be considered a/n ________.

Question 40

Describe and given an example of why understanding typical development is important for understanding the treatment of psychopathology in children and adolescents.