Deck 9: Leadership and Decision Making

Question 1

The situational approach to leadership gives equal weight to the elements of the situation and the characteristics of the leader and followers in order to ascertain the outcomes of a leader's actions.

Answer 1

True
Explanation:The situational approach to leadership takes full account of the various factors that determine a situation.

Question 2

Taking over a leadership role from a charismatic leader is less challenging than taking over from a leader lacking charisma.

Answer 2

False
Explanation:Taking over a leadership role from a charismatic leader is more challenging since one must be at least as charismatic as the leader being replaced.

Question 3

The situational approach to leadership is concerned with the contingent outcomes and consequences of leader behavior rather than universal outcomes and consequences.

Answer 3

True
Explanation:The situational approach to leadership assumes that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another.

Question 4

The behavioral approach to leadership assumes that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another.

Question 5

Escalation of commitment is the extent to which a decision maker is willing to gamble when making a decision.

Question 6

Transformational leadership involves managing change.

Question 7

The organization's culture is a prime ingredient in fostering different levels of risk propensity.

Question 8

A coaching role may include taking on responsibilities as a mentor.

Question 9

Leadership substitutes may make leadership unnecessary or irrelevant.

Question 10

The behavioral approach to the study of leadership emphasized the actions taken by an effective leader rather than any specific traits.

Question 11

All managers are leaders,but not all leaders are managers.

Question 12

Management is concerned more with planning and organizing than with agenda setting and inspiring.

Question 13

The trait approach to the study of leadership did not initially yield many practical results other than long lists of potential leadership attributes.

Question 14

Ethical norms,managerial authority,and available technology may all constrain decision making.

Question 15

Strategic leadership relates leadership to the role of top management.

Question 16

Alice has chosen one alternative from among several options; she has just engaged in decision making.

Question 17

Leadership neutralizers tend to outweigh a leader's ability to affect a subordinate's performance.

Question 18

The more important the decision,the more attention needs to be directed to developing alternatives.

Question 19

Management is defined as the processes and behaviors used to motivate,inspire,and influence the behaviors of others.

Question 20

The behavioral approach to the study of leadership identified two main areas of effective leadership behavior: trait-focused behavior and goal-focused behavior.

Question 21

High levels of experience and group cohesiveness among subordinates cannot neutralize leadership.

Question 22

When making a decision,finding multiple acceptable alternatives may be possible; however,selecting just one and rejecting all others is critical.

Question 23

A manager working in the United States will typically see a high level of collectivism among workers.

Question 24

Most leaders can successfully demonstrate transactional and transformational leadership.

Question 25

Rigid rules and procedures,along with individual professionalism,may render leader behavior unnecessary.

Question 26

Most leadership theories and studies have focused on the roles of both men and women in leadership roles.

Question 27

Strategic leadership is a leader's ability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment.

Question 28

Managers with a high degree of risk propensity tend to rely heavily on intuition.

Question 29

Virtual leadership refers to the role of leaders in a team environment.

Question 30

Virtual leaders don't need to concern themselves with creating and maintaining relationships with their employees.

Question 31

Whereas managers focus on plans,results,and goals,what do leaders focus on?

A) productivity
B) profitability
C) people
D) sales
E) organization

Question 32

Most modern organizations are currently working toward becoming more hierarchical in structure.

Question 33

Male leaders tend to be no more task-focused than female leaders.

Question 34

Leaders at the now defunct energy company Enron were recognized as having demonstrated exemplarily high ethical leadership.

Question 35

Which of the following describes the concept of leadership?

A) the processes and behaviors used by someone to determine the optimal decision among several options
B) the processes and behaviors used by someone to motivate, inspire, and influence the behaviors of others
C) the processes and behaviors used by someone to establish the organizational structure of a firm
D) the processes and behaviors used by someone to manage the functioning of an organization
E) the processes and behaviors used by someone to achieve tangible outcomes within an organization

Question 36

A teacher who takes the initiative to create and organize an after-school tutoring program for the students is an example of a manager who is not a leader.

Question 37

Few studies have successfully assessed the meaning and impact of charismatic leadership.

Question 38

When developing the human resources for achieving an agenda,what do managers focus on?

A) establishing direction
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) aligning people
E) motivating and inspiring

Question 39

The ethical behaviors of top management are less of a concern today compared to the past.

Question 40

When creating an agenda,what do leaders focus on?

A) establishing direction
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) outlining procedures
E) planning and budgeting

Question 41

Which part of the management of an organization would be MOST involved with strategic leadership?

A) the top level of management
B) the supervisory level of management
C) the advisory level of management
D) the auxiliary level of management
E) all levels of management

Question 42

Bob,Joe,and Larry can all perform their jobs well without supervision.What does this indicate?

A) presence of a rigid reward system
B) presence of a leadership neutralizer
C) presence of a leadership substitute
D) presence of a leadership incentive
E) presence of a highly automated system

Question 43

What was a major problem with the trait approach to leadership?

A) The results were too innovative and thus were not taken seriously at the time.
B) The results were too inconsistent and thus not very practical.
C) The results were not very inspiring and thus ignored.
D) The results were found to be too pessimistic and thus were dismissed as useless.
E) The results were too worshipful of certain leaders and thus were dismissed as irrelevant.

Question 44

Which is the MOST accurate statement regarding one of the main differences between the Japanese and American cultures?

A) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as conservative, whereas American culture is often characterized as liberal.
B) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as rigidly structured, whereas American culture is often characterized as loosely structured.
C) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as authoritarian, whereas American culture is often characterized as democratic.
D) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as collectivist, whereas American culture is often characterized as individualist.
E) Overall, Japanese culture is often characterized as socialist, whereas American culture is often characterized as capitalist.

Question 45

Which of the following is the name for choosing one alternative from among several options?

A) decision making
B) assessment
C) evaluation
D) discernment
E) arbitration

Question 46

Which of the following BEST describes employee-focused leader behavior?

A) concentration on both the work quality and work quantity of employees
B) concentration on both the well-being and work quality of employees
C) concentration on both the satisfaction and work quantity of employees
D) concentration on both the satisfaction and the well-being of employees
E) concentration on both the work quantity and the well-being of employees

Question 47

Which of the following accurately describes a primary characteristic of charismatic leaders?

A) They tend to set high expectations for themselves and energize others.
B) They tend to set high expectations for themselves and establish high standards for others.
C) They tend to establish high standards for and energize others.
D) They tend to energize others and establish good, stable practices.
E) They tend to set high expectations for themselves and establish good, stable practices.

Question 48

Bill Lopez spends most of his time performing normal,routine tasks.Which of the following types of leadership is he primarily involved with?

A) charismatic leadership
B) transformational leadership
C) behavioral leadership
D) situational leadership
E) transactional leadership

Question 49

Which of the following BEST describes task-focused leader behavior?

A) concentration on how tasks should be performed
B) concentration on which tasks should be performed
C) concentration on why tasks should be performed
D) concentration on who should perform which tasks
E) concentration on when tasks should be performed

Question 50

Which of the following may be substitutes for leadership?

A) lax individual professionalism
B) group divisiveness
C) explicit plans and goals
D) a loose system of rules and procedures
E) a performance-based reward system

Question 51

Which of the following describes one of the primary concerns associated with charismatic leadership due to severe devotion to a particular leader?

A) the potential lapse of ethical practices
B) the potential inability to replace leadership efficiently
C) the potential encouragement of micromanaging
D) the potential stagnation of corporate vision
E) the potential creation of bureaucracy

Question 52

When developing the human resources necessary for achieving an agenda,what do leaders focus on?

A) establishing direction
B) controlling and problem solving
C) organizing and staffing
D) aligning people and goals
E) establishing workplace policies

Question 53

What is the first step in rational decision making?

A) understanding who will make the decision
B) recognizing that a decision is necessary
C) identifying alternatives to the problem
D) choosing an alternative
E) implementing the alternative

Question 54

Which of the following types of leaders has the primary role of helping a less experienced person learn how to function and to advance within an organization?

A) enabler
B) mentor
C) manager
D) taskmaster
E) motivator

Question 55

Which of the current business characteristics has brought the rise of virtual leadership?

A) more communication within the organization
B) little communication among employees
C) more face-to-face communication within the organization
D) less face-to-face communication within the organization
E) little communication between employees and management

Question 56

Which of the following organizational aspects allows employees to perform capably without the direction of a leader?

A) leadership neutralizers
B) leadership substitutes
C) leadership incentives
D) leadership guidelines
E) leadership obstructions

Question 57

The norms of the engineering group at Acme Incorporated are so strong that there is nothing the new company leader can do to change things.What does this illustrate?

A) leadership charisma
B) leadership neutralizers
C) leadership substitutes
D) leadership mandates
E) leadership amplifiers

Question 58

What area was the earliest research on leadership MOST concerned with?

A) leadership behaviors
B) leadership traits
C) leadership situations
D) leadership integrity
E) leadership roles

Question 59

Which of the following BEST describes the effects of leadership neutralizers in an organization?

A) They tend to make leader behavior ineffective.
B) They tend to make leaders more charismatic.
C) They tend to outweigh the need for leader behavior.
D) They tend to make managers become effective leaders.
E) They tend to make leaders more neutral toward employees.

Question 60

Recent corporate scandals at firms like Enron have brought increased attention to what area of leadership?

A) virtual leadership
B) ethical leadership
C) strategic leadership
D) employee-focused leadership
E) charismatic leadership

Question 61

Carol took over a stagnant firm three years ago.At that time,she clearly laid out her vision of where the firm should go and since that time has worked to energize the employees of the firm toward these goals.Which of the following BEST describes Carol's leadership role?

A) transformational
B) charismatic
C) transactional
D) situational
E) cross-cultural

Question 62

Which of the following reflects the extent to which a leader is willing to gamble when making a decision?

A) escalation of commitment
B) overconfidence
C) caution
D) intuition
E) risk propensity

Question 63

What is the definition of a coalition?

A) an informal group formed to achieve a common goal
B) an institution incorporated in order to achieve a common goal
C) a pro-business political party
D) the network of management within a firm
E) the network of employees within a firm

Question 64

Which of following describes the activities MOST involved with transactional leadership?

A) the implementation of a corporate vision
B) the implementation of organizational transformations
C) the implementation of routine activities
D) the implementation of employee incentives
E) the implementation of situational problem-solving

Question 65

Which of the following may describe charismatic leadership?

A) an approach to leadership emphasizing the perspectives of the leader
B) an approach to leadership emphasizing the perspectives of the followers
C) an approach to leadership emphasizing the perspectives of the clientele
D) an approach to leadership emphasizing the perspectives of the managers
E) an approach to leadership emphasizing the perspectives of all parties in the organization

Question 66

Anne bought stock in ABC Company in hopes of making a profit.Although the stock's price steadily continued to drop,she refused to sell her stock.What does this illustrate?

A) risk propensity
B) escalation of commitment
C) intuition
D) perception
E) caution

Question 67

Which of the following statements BEST describes the assumptions made by researchers of the behavioral approach to leadership?

A) Behaviors of effective leaders differ in various situations.
B) Behaviors of effective leaders are the same in all situations.
C) Behaviors of effective leaders reflect the proper traits for effective leadership.
D) Behaviors of effective leaders differ as reflected by different traits for effective leadership.
E) Behaviors of effective leaders reflect the proper disposition for effective leadership.

Question 68

A company leader who often uses the phrase "that was then and this is now" to explain his decisions most likely follows which model of leadership?

A) situational leadership
B) trait-based leadership
C) transformational leadership
D) transactional leadership
E) charismatic leadership

Question 69

According to the situational approach to leadership,the extent to which a leader or subordinate is involved in decision making depends on characteristics of which aspects of an organization?

A) the leader, the followers, and the situation
B) the leader, the structure of the organization, and the situation
C) the leader, the resources at hand, and the situation
D) the followers, the resources at hand, and the situation
E) the resources, the structure of the organization, and the situation

Question 70

Which statement is true regarding charismatic leadership?

A) Charismatic leadership ideas are unpopular among contemporary managers.
B) Many studies have successfully assessed the impact of charismatic leadership.
C) Charismatic leadership is recognized as the most important approach to leadership.
D) Dependence on charismatic leadership can raise serious ethical concerns.
E) Taking over a leadership role from a charismatic leader is often easier than following a leader lacking in charisma.

Question 71

Which of the following do organizations need in order to be effective?

A) more leadership than management
B) more management than leadership
C) both leadership and management
D) either leadership or management
E) neither leadership nor management

Question 72

Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?

A) Effective managers lead for stability, whereas visionary leaders lead for change.
B) Effective leaders lead for stability, whereas visionary managers lead for change.
C) Visionary managers lead for stability, whereas effective leaders lead for change.
D) Strategic leaders lead for stability, whereas transforming leaders lead for change.
E) Strategic managers lead for stability, whereas transforming managers lead for change.

Question 73

Which of the following is an example of an approach to leadership as seen through the eyes of followers?

A) situational leadership
B) ethical leadership
C) behavioral leadership
D) transformational leadership
E) trait-based leadership

Question 74

GDB Technologies has had lackluster performance for the past few years.Choi is hired in an attempt to give new life to the company's prospects and give it new direction away from its current situation.Which of the following BEST describes Choi's leadership role?

A) transformational
B) charismatic
C) transactional
D) situational
E) cross-cultural

Question 75

At Nordic Enterprises,Johann is most effective in carrying out the management of daily tasks that must be performed.Which of the following BEST describes Johann's leadership role?

A) charismatic
B) transactional
C) transformational
D) behavorial
E) situational

Question 76

What are group effectiveness,worker disposition,and the type of organization examples of?

A) cross-cultural traits that may affect a leader's decision making
B) behavioral issues that may affect a leader's decision making
C) strategic advantages that may affect a leader's decision making
D) leadership obstructions that may affect a leader's decision making
E) situational characteristics that may affect a leader's decision making

Question 77

Which of the following is a fundamental element of charismatic leadership?

A) planning
B) controlling
C) analyzing
D) influencing
E) organizing

Question 78

Steven learned that the cohesiveness among his employees was so strong that there was nothing he could do to change things.Which of the following BEST describes this cohesiveness?

A) leadership neutralizer
B) leadership substitute
C) leadership mandate
D) leadership amplifier
E) leadership incentive

Question 79

Managers at Adidas had a hunch that their sponsorship deal with the Yankees would be a good one.Their feelings were based on what concept?

A) escalation of commitment
B) risk propensity
C) intuition
D) perception
E) rational decision making

Question 80

In interviews with two leadership applicants,Ben tried to determine each person's knowledge of the industry,level of energy,and level of self-esteem.With which of the following concepts of leadership is Ben MOST concerned here?

A) charismatic leadership
B) behavioral leadership
C) situational leadership
D) trait-based leadership
E) transformational leadership