Deck 2: Colonization and Conflicts

Question 1

What inspired King Henry VIII's conversion to Protestantism and his establishment of the Church of England?

A) He was moved by Luther's writings.
B) He was tired of paying Catholic indulgences.
C) The pope refused to annul his marriage.
D) The pope refused to hear his penance for his wrongdoings.

Answer 1

The pope refused to annul his marriage.

Question 2

The Virginia Company in the early seventeenth century covered what present-day region?

A) New York to North Carolina
B) Massachusetts to Virginia
C) Maine to Virginia
D) Virginia to North Carolina

Answer 2

New York to North Carolina

Question 3

The Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy (located near the English settlement of Virginia) spoke what language?

A) English
B) Spanish
C) Algonquian
D) Iroquoian

Answer 3

Algonquian

Question 4

The Spanish returned to the area of New Mexico in 1610 and established a network of missions and estates known as encomenderos, a system under which Spanish

A) elites were granted rights to land and labor.
B) soldiers were charged with protecting their land.
C) navigators who previously claimed the land could take possession of it.
D) priests would convert local Indians.

Question 5

As newly elected governor of the Jamestown colony, John Smith ordered the English settlers to

A) work with Indians and force them to do the farming.
B) intimidate the Indians and to do their own farming.
C) kill the Indians, take their valuables, and go back to England.
D) avoid the Indians at all cost and try to survive by hunting and gathering.

Question 6

Anne Hutchinson's trial by the first synod of the Congregational Church in Massachusetts in 1637 for failing to honor the teachings of male ministers resulted in her being found

A) guilty and sentenced to death.
B) innocent and allowed to resume her teachings with women only.
C) innocent but forced to give up the ministry.
D) guilty and exiled from the colony.

Question 7

Martin Luther and John Calvin were leaders of distinct denominations of what religious movement in the sixteenth century?

A) Roman Catholicism
B) Protestantism
C) Eastern Orthodox Christianity
D) Islam

Question 8

According to the passage, why did some Hurons believe that the "Black Robes"-Jesuit priests-were responsible for widespread deaths in their villages?

A) The Hurons harbored unusually persistent superstitious beliefs in sorcery.
B) French settlers employed poisons to spread disease among the Huron.
C) Disease outbreaks often coincided with missionary visits to Huron villages.
D) The Hurons did not distinguish between the priests and more violent settlers.

Question 9

What enabled the English to defeat the Spanish attack ordered in 1588 by King Philip II?

A) Spanish weaponry lagged behind that of English.
B) England had amassed the largest, most skilled navy at the time.
C) France provided the English with larger, more powerful bombs.
D) The Dutch provided the English with smaller, more maneuverable ships.

Question 10

Which European country with Catholic rulers rejected an alliance with Spain and aimed to exploit their military defeats?

A) Portugal
B) England
C) France
D) Netherlands

Question 11

How did the Protestant Reformation affect the competition among European powers in the colonization of the Americas?

A) It strengthened Spanish domination.
B) It allowed Portugal to begin colonizing portions of Brazil.
C) It broke the Spanish monopoly on American colonization.
D) Spanish colonies were forced to allow Protestant missionaries.

Question 12

When Captain John Smith joined the Virginia Company and set out for North America, he wanted to

A) find gold and other riches.
B) trade with Native Americans.
C) establish a private settlement.
D) battle with Native Americans.

Question 13

In 1545 Pope Paul II convened the Council of Trent to

A) end services in Latin.
B) demand more training for priests.
C) establish a peace treaty with Protestants.
D) start a campaign against witchcraft.

Question 14

Which English settlement became the largest economic engine of English colonization in the early seventeenth century?

A) Virginia
B) West Indies
C) Roanoke
D) New England

Question 15

Anne Hutchinson and John Cotton preached a covenant of grace, which means

A) babies were born free of sin, full of grace, and the closest to God.
B) people have to work hard to reject sin and to be welcomed into God's grace.
C) people have to rely solely on God's grace and have no individual choice in their salvation.
D) ministers naturally embodied God's grace more than lay people.

Question 16

What caused the survivors of the "starving time" at Jamestown to abandon their plans to return to England?

A) Supply ships arrived as they were departing.
B) John Rolfe discovered tobacco cultivation.
C) The Virginia Company threatened to punish them.
D) John Smith befriended Pocahontas.

Question 17

Samuel de Champlain founded the first permanent French settlement in North America in 1608 in the area now known as

A) Quebec.
B) New York.
C) Michigan.
D) North Carolina.

Question 18

In 1573, why did Spain decide that missionaries rather than soldiers should direct all new imperial settlements?

A) The Council of Trent pushed Catholic governments to emphasize religious commitments.
B) Soldiers were losing to Indians.
C) Indians were more responsive to missionaries.
D) The Protestant Reformation was weakening Spain's grip on its settlements.

Question 19

What missionaries founded missions on the margins of Pueblo villages north of Mexico and named the area New Mexico?

A) Huguenots
B) Jesuits
C) Franciscans
D) Anglicans

Question 20

In what early North American colony did settlers interact and fight with Indian Chief Powhatan?

A) Virginia
B) Pennsylvania
C) North Carolina
D) Massachusetts

Question 21

Why did Massasoit, leader of the Wampanoag people, want to form an alliance with English settlers in Plymouth, Massachusetts?

A) He feared the English settlers would kill him otherwise.
B) He wanted the English to help him fight other Indians.
C) He was a pacifist and didn't believe in fighting.
D) He had first tried to kill the English and failed, so an alliance was a natural recourse.

Question 22

What ultimately convinced the English to keep supporting their colony in Virginia?

A) Labor from Europe
B) Decimation of the Indians
C) Development of a cash crop
D) Invention of the flintlock musket

Question 23

In 1664, the English wrested control of what region and renamed it New York?

A) New Amsterdam
B) New Jersey
C) New France
D) New England

Question 24

The English immigrants who set sail on the Mayflower in September 1620 originally intended to settle in which region?

A) Massachusetts
B) Pennsylvania
C) Virginia
D) West Indies

Question 25

Which group of English immigrants first settled in Plymouth in 1620?

A) Puritans
B) Anglicans
C) Catholics
D) Pilgrims

Question 26

When England erupted in civil war in 1642 over issues of religion, taxation, and royal authority, who emerged as leader and ruled until his death in 1658?

A) James I
B) Oliver Cromwell
C) Charles I
D) Charles II

Question 27

What was the first written constitution adopted in North America?

A) The Mayflower Compact
B) The U.S. Constitution
C) The Declaration of Independence
D) The Articles of Confederation

Question 28

How did English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, survive in the early years?

A) They learned to farm the land and grow corn and other vegetables.
B) They received a considerable amount of food from Indians.
C) They fished the oceans and hunted large and small game.
D) They subsisted primarily on berries, roots, and small game.

Question 29

What was the primary source of Dutch profit during the seventeenth-century scramble for colonies?

A) The establishment of a colony in New York
B) The cultivation of the tobacco crop
C) The sale of world-class merchant ships
D) The transportation of trade goods for other nations

Question 30

The harsh winter of 1609-1610 killed what fraction of the English settlers in Jamestown?

A) 7 out of 10
B) 3 out of 8
C) 5 out of 8
D) 7 out of 8

Question 31

When indentured servants suffered mistreatment, they had the right to

A) sue their master or mistress in court.
B) renegotiate the terms of their indenture contract.
C) run away.
D) publish their accusations.

Question 32

During the 1637 conflict known as the Pequot War, allied Puritan and Narragansett forces launched a decisive attack in which

A) they captured the Pequot leader and forced him to surrender.
B) they surrounded a Pequot village and burned it down.
C) they set fires in the forest to destroy Pequot hiding places.
D) they used superior technology to defeat the Pequots in open warfare.

Question 33

What natural force minimized the spread of disease among English settlers in Plymouth?

A) Floods caused by high moon tides
B) Harsh, cold winters and a generally cool climate
C) Hot, penetrating sunshine in the summer
D) Natural vaccines in their blood

Question 34

What strategy did Smith and the Virginia Company develop to save the colony and recruit new settlers that resulted in 600 new inhabitants arriving at the colony in June 1609?

A) They imported massive numbers of African slaves.
B) They hired people from England for minimum-wage plus free shelter.
C) They recruited indentured servants from across Europe.
D) They forced Indians from local tribes to work the fields.

Question 35

Who joined the English in a bloody attack on the Pequots that resulted in over 400 dead men, women, and children?

A) The Narragansetts
B) The Iroquois
C) The Dutch
D) The Wampanoags

Question 36

If a female indentured servant became pregnant while still under servitude, the master typically

A) extended her term by two years.
B) fired her immediately.
C) sold her contract to the highest bidder.
D) did nothing, because pregnancy was considered an inevitable part of life.

Question 37

Which group of English immigrants to North America were the most prosperous when they left for the colonies?

A) Pilgrims
B) Jamestownians
C) Puritans
D) Roanokeans

Question 38

Successful long-term colonization in North America required

A) a strong military presence.
B) peaceful relations with the Indians.
C) fertile land.
D) permanent settlement.

Question 39

What early colony was headed by a Catholic proprietor, populated by Catholics and Protestants, and passed the Act of Religious Toleration in 1649, guaranteeing religious freedom to all Christians who settled there?

A) Maryland
B) Virginia
C) Massachusetts
D) North Carolina

Question 40

In the seventeenth century, what crop became the most lucrative for West Indies planters?

A) Tobacco
B) Sugarcane
C) Indigo
D) Rice

Question 41

What European power supplied guns to the Iroquois to fend off economic competition from the Hurons?

A) Spanish
B) English
C) Dutch
D) French

Question 42

Why did the French establish a fortified settlement at Montreal in 1643?

A) To enable hunting and gathering without disruption by Indians
B) To extend their fur trade west
C) To defend their land from the English
D) To support missionary efforts to convert nearby Hurons

Question 43

When the Dutch established their trading center on the Hudson River in present-day New York, who did they want to trade with?

A) Iroquois to the west
B) French to the north
C) English to the south
D) Algonquians to the east

Question 44

What compelled Algonquians to kill and eat Dutch livestock in seventeenth-century New Netherlands?

A) The Algonquians ran out of corn due to flooding.
B) The Algonquians ran out of corn due to crop blight.
C) Europeans attacked members of the Algonquian tribe.
D) Europeans' pigs and cattle ate from Algonquian cornfields.

Question 45

Dutch explorers in the Americas were primarily motivated by

A) economic profit.
B) religious obligation.
C) new territory to settle.
D) revenge against Spain.

Question 46

What critical resource fueled most conflicts between Native Americans and Europeans?

A) Land
B) Food
C) Wampum
D) Furs

Question 47

Where did the Dutch trade furs with the Mohawk tribe?

A) Port Huron
B) Fort Orange
C) Susquehanna
D) New Amsterdam