Question 1

There is no issue in using listwise deletion to account for any missing data, even if the data are not missing completely at random.

Accepted Answer

Listwise deletion can introduce bias if the data are not missing completely at random, as it assumes that the missingness is unrelated to the value of the missing data or any other observed variables.

Question 2

If there is a pattern of data missing this is not completely at random, then there might be strong potential for systematic bias.

Accepted Answer

When data is missing in a pattern that is not completely random, it suggests that the missing data may be related to specific characteristics or conditions, leading to systematic bias in the analysis.

Question 3

Why would a researcher object to using pairwise deletion to account for missing data?&#10;A)It does not offer a perfect prediction of missing values.&#10;B)The sample size can change based on what is being analyzed.&#10;C)It deletes respondents who do not provide adequate responses.&#10;D)It deletes groups or clusters of respondents who do not provide adequate responses.

Accepted Answer

Pairwise deletion can lead to varying sample sizes for different analyses because it only uses all available data for each analysis without imputing or filling in missing values. This means that the number of observations used can change depending on the variables included in each specific analysis.

Question 4

Which of the following techniques involves using the rest of the sample data to estimate what a missing response could have been?&#10;A)means substitution&#10;B)pairwise deletion&#10;C)listwise deletion&#10;D)combining variables

Accepted Answer

Means substitution involves replacing missing data with the mean value of the available data for that variable, effectively using the rest of the sample data to estimate the missing response.

Question 5

In general, if ______ of the data is missing, then it is appropriate to use listwise deletion.&#10;A)less than 10%&#10;B)more than 10%&#10;C)less than 50%&#10;D)more than 50%

Accepted Answer

Listwise deletion is generally considered appropriate when less than 10% of the data is missing, as the impact on the analysis is minimal and unlikely to significantly bias the results.

Question 6

What are the advantages of using a scale instead of an index, according to the text?&#10;A)Scales require less interpretation.&#10;B)Scales are just the accumulation of responses.&#10;C)Scales can weigh some responses more heavily than others.&#10;D)Scales have a meaningful zero point.

Accepted Answer

Scales can weigh some responses more heavily than others, allowing for more nuanced measurement compared to an index, which typically treats all items equally.

Question 7

______ scaling measures attitudes or other concepts as hierarchical structures.&#10;A)Likert&#10;B)Semantic differential&#10;C)Cronbach&#10;D)Guttman

Accepted Answer

Guttman scaling is designed to measure attitudes or other concepts as hierarchical structures, where items are arranged in a unidimensional scale from least to most difficult to endorse.

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely be a multidimensional construct?&#10;A)the number of people in a household&#10;B)a respondent's age&#10;C)marital satisfaction&#10;D)marital status

Accepted Answer

Marital satisfaction is considered a multidimensional construct because it encompasses various aspects of a relationship, such as emotional, physical, and financial satisfaction, rather than being a single, straightforward measure.

Question 9

Scales or indices that measure multidimensional constructs only have to address some of the dimensions.

Accepted Answer

Scales or indices that measure multidimensional constructs need to address all of the relevant dimensions to fully capture the complexity of the construct.

Question 10

Payment is always required to use previously published scales and indexes.

Accepted Answer

Many scales and indexes are available for public use without a fee, although some may require permission from the creator or publisher.

Question 11

Once a researcher has already determined if a scale or index is multidimensional, then they are likely to use ______ to further explore the multidimensional nature of a scale or index.&#10;A)factor analysis&#10;B)split-half reliability&#10;C)lambda&#10;D)Cronbach's coefficient

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once a researcher has already determined if...

Question 12

Researchers are most likely to use ______ to account for low rates of missing data.&#10;A)means substitution&#10;B)pairwise deletion&#10;C)listwise deletion&#10;D)combining variables

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers are most likely to use ______...

Question 13

If a researcher is studying marital satisfaction, then they might find that female respondents feel important in their marriage, but less valued.Which of the following scaling mechanisms would be the most helpful in measuring these multiple dimensions of marital satisfaction?

A)Guttman scaling
B)semantic differential scales
C)Likert-type scales
D)means substitution

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a researcher is studying marital satisfaction,...

Question 14

Likert-type scales are the most frequently used scaling technique for questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Likert-type scales are the most frequently used...

Question 15

If there are missing data rates over ______%, then a researcher should evaluate whether the data are generalizable to the larger population.&#10;A)1&#10;B)5&#10;C)10&#10;D)15

Accepted Answer

The answer of If there are missing data rates over...

Deck 7: Working With Scales and Indices