Question 1

Astigmatism .&#10;A) literally means &#34;old vision&#34;&#10;B) is a decline in visual acuity&#10;C) results from irregular curvatures of the lens or cornea&#10;D) results from a slight elongation of the eyeball

Accepted Answer

Astigmatism is caused by irregular curvatures of the lens or cornea, which distort vision.

Question 2

Individuals who are nearsighted, or , see close objects clearly, but see distant objects as blurry.&#10;A) hyperopic&#10;B) emmetropic&#10;C) myopic

Accepted Answer

Nearsightedness is referred to as myopia, meaning individuals with this condition can see close objects clearly but distant objects appear blurry.

Question 3

Binocular vision .&#10;A) provides depth perception (three-dimensional vision)&#10;B) is present in horses and rabbits&#10;C) allows an animal to see in two different directions&#10;D) provides a panoramic field of view

Accepted Answer

Binocular vision, where the fields of vision of the two eyes overlap, allows for depth perception or three-dimensional vision, enabling an organism to judge distances more accurately.

Question 4

The normal, or , eye accommodates properly.&#10;A) hyperopic&#10;B) emmetropic&#10;C) myopic

Accepted Answer

The emmetropic eye is the term used to describe a normal eye with no refractive errors, meaning it accommodates light properly to focus images directly on the retina.

Question 5

The image formed on the retina as light passes through the eye is reversed left to right, inverted, and smaller than the object. It is called a image.&#10;A) refracted&#10;B) real&#10;C) reversed

Accepted Answer

The image formed on the retina is a real image because it is produced where the light rays actually converge and can be projected onto a screen (in this case, the retina).

Question 6

Color blindness is tested using _ .&#10;A) a Snellen eye chart&#10;B) a chart of lines radiating out from a white circle&#10;C) sudden illumination of the retina&#10;D) Ishihara plates

Accepted Answer

Ishihara plates are specifically designed for testing color vision and identifying color blindness. They consist of a series of plates with colored dots that form numbers or shapes distinguishable only if the viewer has normal color vision.

Question 7

Testing of these reflexes can provide information about cranial nerves that carry autonomic fibers.&#10;A) convergence&#10;B) photopupillary&#10;C) photopupillary and accommodation pupillary&#10;D) accommodation pupillary

Accepted Answer

Photopupillary and accommodation pupillary reflexes involve the cranial nerves that carry autonomic fibers. The photopupillary reflex involves the constriction of the pupil in response to light, and the accommodation reflex involves the constriction of the pupil when focusing on a near object. Both reflexes involve the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III), which carries parasympathetic fibers that innervate the muscles controlling pupil size.

Question 8

Many older individuals develop presbyopia, a condition in which _ .&#10;A) the lens loses elasticity and can no longer focus for distant vision, and visual acuity declines&#10;B) the near point of accommodation becomes further away&#10;C) the lens loses elasticity and can no longer focus for distant vision&#10;D) visual acuity declines

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a condition associated with aging where the eye's lens loses its flexibility, making it difficult to focus on close objects. This results in the near point of accommodation—the closest point at which the eye can focus on an object—moving further away, making it hard to read or do other close-up tasks without corrective lenses.

Question 9

This type of examination allows one to study the interior of the eyeball.&#10;A) an examination using a rheostat&#10;B) an ophthalmoscopic examination&#10;C) visual observation&#10;D) observation of the eyeball through a hand-held magnifying lens

Accepted Answer

An ophthalmoscopic examination is specifically designed to allow a detailed study of the interior of the eyeball, including the retina and optic nerve.

Question 10

The results of a test of visual acuity are 20/15. This individual _.&#10;A) needs glasses for nearsightedness&#10;B) has better than normal vision&#10;C) has normal vision&#10;D) needs glasses for farsightedness

Accepted Answer

A visual acuity result of 20/15 indicates that the individual can see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 15 feet, meaning they have better than normal vision.

Question 11

In a person with myopia (nearsightedness), light from a distant object is brought to a focal point _.&#10;A) on the retina&#10;B) behind the retina&#10;C) in front of the retina

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a person with myopia (nearsightedness), light...

Question 12

The three types of cone cells absorb _, , and wavelength of light.&#10;A) red, blue, green&#10;B) red, yellow, purple&#10;C) red, yellow, blue&#10;D) red, blue, yellow

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three types of cone cells absorb...

Question 13

This reflex involves extrinsic eye muscles, and is controlled by the somatic nervous system.&#10;A) photopupillary&#10;B) convergence&#10;C) accommodation pupillary

Accepted Answer

The answer of This reflex involves extrinsic eye muscles, and...

Deck 24: Special Senses: Visual Tests and Experiments