Deck 14: Memory Across the Lifespan: Growing up

Question 1

According to research by Barr, Rovee-Collier, and Campanella (2005), six-month-olds evidenced deferred imitation over a 10-week period after they:
(A)Were offered a reward for correct responses
(B)Had seen the target actions modeled not once, but twice
(C)Had been given the opportunity to engage in repeated retrieval of the action
(D)Saw a peer act out the behaviour
(E)Witnessed two adults modeling the behavior

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Bathelt, Gathercole, Johnson, and Astle (2017)suggested an important role for development of which part of the brain?
(A)The amygdala
(B)The corpus callosum
(C)The hippocampus
(D)The cerebellum
(E)The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the mobile conjugate reinforcement task, the reinforcement is the:
(A)Baseline phase
(B)Mobile moving
(C)Crib
(D)Ribbon
(E)Kicking response

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Rovee-Collier found that the presentation of what yielded memory performance near its initial level, despite the test taking place after a two-week delay?
(A)Larger mobile
(B)Different crib
(C)New experimenter
(D)Reminder
(E)Pacifier

Question 5

Ceci and Bruck (2006)suggest that younger children are more suggestible than older ones because younger children:
(A)Are less likely to have language abilities to challenge suggestive influences
(B)Are more likely to yield to social pressure
(C)All of these
(D)Tend to be more socially incompetent
(E)Are less likely to have cognitive processing abilities to challenge suggestive influences

Question 6

Howe, Courage, and Edison (2003), working with infants aged between 15 and 23 months, found that:
(A)Self-recognizers have worse semantic memory
(B)Self- recognizers have better semantic memory
(C)Self-recognizers have better working memory span
(D)Self-recognizers have worse memory for personal events
(E)Self-recognizers have better memory for personal events

Question 7

'Pruning' refers to:
(A)The gradual learning of walking
(B)The gradual learning of reading
(C)The working memory span in children
(D)The gradual elimination of unused neurons that extends up to adolescence
(E)The gradual maturation of the prefrontal cortex

Question 8

Nelson (1989)found that the mother-child interaction style categorized under which name led them to answer the most questions accurately about their museum visit after a week's delay?
(A)Freely-interacting
(B)Practical
(C)Focused
(D)Uniformly engaged
(E)Authoritative

Question 9

Memory for chess positions is primarily determined by which factor?
(A)Working memory capacity
(B)Intelligence
(C)Expertise
(D)Age
(E)Digit span capacity

Question 10

Gathercole, Lamont, and Alloway (2006)suggested that:
(A)ADHD is a unitary syndrome
(B)The possibility that ADHD rather than reflecting a unitary syndrome, it may reflect the combination of two separable problems
(C)ADHD correlates with SIF
(D)ADHD correlated with RIF
(E)ADHD correlates with rumination

Question 11

Howe and Courage (1997)argued that infants could only form autobiographical memories after they had developed a:
(A)Sufficient mental lexicon
(B)Working memory
(C)Comprehension of language
(D)Self-schema
(E)Sense of self

Question 12

The importance of background knowledge was studied by O'Reilly, Wang, and Sabatini (2019), who found:
(A)An overall correlation between age and forgetting rate for complex concepts
(B)An overall correlation between knowledge and forgetting rate for simple concepts
(C)An overall correlation between knowledge and forgetting rate for complex concepts
(D)An overall correlation between knowledge and performance for easy concepts
(E)An overall correlation between knowledge and performance for complex concepts

Question 13

The prefrontal cortex develops:
(A)Faster than other areas
(B)Soon after birth
(C)Only when people are in their 20s
(D)Slower than other areas
(E)At 1 year of age

Question 14

The grey matter comprises:
(A)The innermost layer of the brain
(B)The outermost layer of the brain
(C)A mix of the two
(D)The hippocampal formation
(E)The amygdala

Question 15

Bathelt, Gathercole, Johnson, and Astle (2017)were interested in measuring:
(A)Cortical thickness
(B)Suppression-induced forgetting
(C)Retrieval-induced forgetting
(D)Neuroticism
(E)Worry

Question 16

Nelson (1989)presented the case of _____ whose night-time monologues appeared to aid the formation of memories?
(A)HM
(B)Sally-Anne
(C)Identical twins
(D)Emily
(E)Clive

Question 17

A major influence on developmental psychology during the middle years of the last century was:
(A)Alfred Adler
(B)Jean Piaget
(C)Jacques Lacan
(D)Jacques Derrida
(E)Carl Gustav Jung

Question 18

Schaal, Marlier, and Soussignan (2000)showed that:
(A)Adaptation to novel tastes and smells can occur during gestation
(B)Adaptation to novel sounds can occur during gestation
(C)Adaptation to novel languages can occur during gestation
(D)Adaptation to novel sleep patterns can occur during gestation
(E)Adaptation to novel visual stimuli can occur during gestation

Question 19

Wang (2001, 2006)reports a clear difference in style of mother-child interaction. The study was comparing:
(A)Chinese and British mothers
(B)American and Italian mothers
(C)Chinese and American mothers
(D)German and Chinese mothers
(E)German and French mothers

Question 20

Gathercole, Pickering, Ambridge, and Wearing (2004)used which framework to study boys and girls between the ages of four and fifteen:
(A)The suppression induced forgetting framework
(B)The retrieval induced forgetting framework
(C)The children as witnesses framework
(D)The multicomponent working memory framework
(E)The creativity in development framework

Question 21

What can be done to avoid or minimize memory errors and distortions when children are witnesses?
(A)Pretrial Training
(B)Neutral practice questions
(C)Eyes closing
(D)Context reinstatement
(E)All of the above