Deck 5: Memory

Question 1

You try to remember a phone number by repeating it over and over to yourself. What type of rehearsal are you using?

A) condensed
B) permanent
C) elaborativ.
D) maintenanc.
E) implicit

Answer 1

maintenanc.

Question 2

Because of the limited capacity of ________ memory, it is unsafe to talk on a cell phone while driving on a freeway during rush hour.

A) sensor.
B) procedural
C) episodic
D) workin.
E) echoic

Answer 2

workin.

Question 3

Memory is considered to

A) involve storage of information as in a bank vault.
B) operate just like a video recorder.
C) be a perfect replication of our experiences.
D) be an interpretative process.
E) be a permanent form of information storage.

Answer 3

be a perfect replication of our experiences.

Question 4

Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam, there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War (whatever that was!). Janie remembers four of them. She knows there is a fifth, but time is up. As Janie is walking down the stairs, all of a sudden, she remembers the fifth point, but it is too late. Janie had a problem with

A) translation
B) storag.
C) retrieva.
D) evaluation
E) interpolation

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about retrieval?

A) It is a process that allows an extinguished CR to recover.
B) It is a process of getting stored memories back out into consciousness.
C) It is a process of getting information from the sensory receptors to the brain.
D) It is the reason that conditioned taste aversions last so long.
E) It is the process of making sure that stored memories do not decay.

Question 6

Shaquin finished his term paper and handed it in.ked out of the classroom, he realized that there were a few more things he should have included in the paper. problem is the ________ component of memory.

A) encoding
B) storage
C) retrieval
D) retentio.
E) metacognition

Question 7

Which of the following might be the most appropriate analogy for eidetic imagery?

A) a table
B) a modem
C) a rainbo.
D) a photograph
E) a filing cabinet

Question 8

The stream of information from your foot is first passed through ________ memory.

A) workin.
B) declarative
C) procedural
D) sensor.
E) photographic

Question 9

When people hear a sound, their ears turn the vibrations in the air into neural messages from the auditory nerve, which makes it possible for the brain to interpret the sound. This process is called

A) encoding.
B) storage.
C) retrieval.
D) evaluation.
E) rehearsal.

Question 10

Long ago, during the early days of television, when a television set was turned off it took a while for the last image that was on the screen to fade away. This phenomenon is most like ________ memory.

A) iconi.
B) echoi.
C) working
D) long-term
E) semantic

Question 11

Jamal is trying to buy something over the phone. He asks his partner to read him his credit card number. However, when he tries to repeat it to the sales clerk on the other end of the line, he can't remember all the numbers. Jamal is coming up against

A) the decay of numerical memor.
B) the extinction of auditory traces.
C) George Miller's magic number 7, plus or minus 2.
D) the limits of procedural memory.
E) the problem of absent-mindedness.

Question 12

Psychologists see memory as a(n) ________ system.

A) learnin.
B) interpretive
C) cognition
D) imitation
E) homeostasis

Question 13

Suzy looks up from her lunch, realizing that Jacques has just said something to her. What was it? Oh, yes, he has just asked her if she wants to go to the movies. Suzy's ability to retrieve what Jacques said is due to her ________ memory.

A) iconic sensory
B) echoic sensor.
C) workin.
D) tactile sensory
E) gustatory sensory

Question 14

Suppose Tamika looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later, she tries to call again-but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of ________ memory.

A) sensory
B) workin.
C) echoi.
D) implicit
E) procedural

Question 15

An eidetic image will fade from memory if you

A) describe it.
B) think about it.
C) are aware of it.
D) view it for too long.
E) rehearse it.

Question 16

Our memory ability is WORST for

A) information that we focused our attention on.
B) information in which we are interested.
C) emotionally arousing information.
D) information that we have practiced repeatedly.
E) information that doesn't fit with previous experiences.

Question 17

If sensory memories were to last longer than normal,

A) we would need more working memory.
B) our senses would not work together.
C) we would become overloaded by the amount of incoming information.
D) it would ultimately destroy cortical neurons.
E) sensory memory would be able to hold more information.

Question 18

When you hear a phone number and are able to recall it for about 20 or 30 seconds, the phone number is thought to reside within ________ memory.

A) sensor.
B) workin.
C) gustatory
D) procedural
E) long-term

Question 19

Trying to remember someone's name whom you met long ago is an example of what type of process?

A) storage
B) retrieva.
C) encodin.
D) decoding
E) processing

Question 20

The rapidly passing scenery you see out the window is first stored in ________ memory.

A) echoic
B) iconi.
C) long-term
D) workin.
E) nociceptive

Question 21

________ most clearly resembles an encyclopedia in terms of its content.

A) Procedural memor.
B) Priming
C) Implicit memory
D) Distributed learning
E) Semantic memor.

Question 22

A guitarist uses ________ to recall how to play the notes of a specific song.

A) episodic memory
B) procedural memor.
C) semantic memory
D) a flashbulb memor.
E) mnemonics

Question 23

Bob sells lamps for a living. In order to help people remember his telephone number, he requests the number 981-5267. Bob advertises his number as 981-LAMP. Bob is hoping that ________ will aid his customers in remembering his phone number.

A) recognition
B) recall
C) maintenance rehearsa.
D) elaborative rehearsa.
E) engrams

Question 24

Luiz is being asked to remember a series of the following 15 letters: FOXHOWLSWANTBUG. He finds this to be easier to remember as the four words fox howls want bug, rather than 15 individual letters. Luiz has used a process known as

A) maintenance rehearsal.
B) long-term potentiation.
C) recognition.
D) chunking.
E) eidetic imagery.

Question 25

The text suggests that ________ is a good analogy for LTM.

A) a computer hard drive
B) the index of a book
C) a library catalog
D) the nodes of the Interne.
E) a mental scaffol.

Question 26

Jesse still has very vivid memories of his first romantic kiss. This example illustrates a specific form of ________ memory known as a(n) ________ memory.

A) semantic; autobiographical
B) episodic; autobiographica.
C) semantic; personal
D) episodic; persona.
E) proactive; retroactive

Question 27

According to the levels-of-processing theory, if Jon wanted Maqsood to remember the sentences "At first, it is better to run than to walk," "Birds seldom get too close," and "A rock can be used as an anchor," he should

A) encourage Maqsood to pay attention to the sound of each word.
B) ask Maqsood to underline all of the three-letter words.
C) have Maqsood alphabetize the words in each sentence.
D) tell Maqsood the sentences all refer to kite-flying.
E) test Maqsood's memory immediately.

Question 28

Which of the following examples represents deep processing as described by the levels-of-processing model?

A) repeating a word aloud 10 times
B) attending to the sound of a wor.
C) thinking about the meaning of a wor.
D) looking at the shapes of the letters in a word
E) considering what words a sound sounds like

Question 29

You are learning a list of items for a test by relating the items to each other and to information that you already have stored in memory. Which type of rehearsal are you using?

A) condensed
B) permanent
C) maintenanc.
D) elaborativ.
E) proactive

Question 30

Your memory of how much fun you had last spring break is an example of

A) semantic memory.
B) chunking.
C) procedural memory.
D) episodic memory.
E) sensory memory.

Question 31

Suppose you're pitching in a baseball game and facing a good hitter. You remember that you struck him out with a fastball the last time he was up. You also remember that your coach told you always to try to be unpredictable, so you decide to throw a curve ball this time. In making this decision, you are primarily using your

A) central executive.
B) fight-or-flight response.
C) modality-specific memory.
D) long-term potentiation.
E) encoding executive.

Question 32

_______ rehearsal results in a more lasting memory and promotes the transfer of information to long-term memory compared to _______ rehearsal.

A) Permanent; condensed
B) Condensed; permanent
C) Elaborative; maintenanc.
D) Maintenance; elaborativ.
E) Semantic; episodic

Question 33

Bonnie is trying to remember what grocery items she needs from the stores. She repeats the words, "Eggs, cookies, bread, tortillas, and pretzels" over and over again in her mind. Bonnie is utilizing which memory technique?

A) elaborative rehearsa.
B) transduction
C) maintenance rehearsa.
D) chunking
E) retroactive interference

Question 34

Remembering your first day of college classes is an example of ________ memories.

A) episodi.
B) semanti.
C) working
D) implicit
E) explicit

Question 35

Micah is trying to remember the specific route he took to the library the night before. What part of working memory is he accessing?

A) the articulatory loo.
B) the sketchpa.
C) the internal executive
D) the control sequence
E) the central rehearsal strategem

Question 36

The fact that letters that sound similar can create memory distortions after they are encoded is one of the problems with the fact that information in working memory is encoded

A) verbally.
B) visually.
C) gustatorily.
D) physically.
E) semantically.

Question 37

When test subjects are asked to recall a list of letters they have just seen, the mistakes they make often involve letters that sound similar to the displayed letters. These mistakes are probably due to

A) retrograde amnesia.
B) acoustic encoding.
C) retroactive interference during transfer from echoic to iconic memory.
D) the serial position effect.
E) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Question 38

The levels-of-processing model would suggest that which of the following questions would lead to better memory of the word frog?

A) "Does it rhyme with blog?"
B) "Does it rhyme with blog?.
C) "Is it written in cursive?"
D) "Would it be found in a pond?.
E) "Have I seen this before?"

Question 39

In the levels-of-processing model of memory, information that gets processed at a ________ level (such as accessing the meaning of a word or phrase) is more likely to be retained longer and form a stronger memory than information that is processed at a ________ level (such as the visual characteristics of a word).

A) deeper; shallower
B) shallower; deepe.
C) higher; lower
D) lower; higher
E) semantic; episodic

Question 40

According to the levels-of-processing model, we are most likely to remember information that we process at a ________level.

A) deeper
B) medium
C) shallowe.
D) personal
E) any of these, depending on the information

Question 41

"The effectiveness of memory retrieval is directly related to the similarity of cues present when the memory was encoded to the cues present when the memory is retrieved." What concept does this statement describe?

A) memorability
B) registered learnin.
C) encoding specificit.
D) accessible decoding
E) mood congruency

Question 42

The best place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in

A) the biology classroo.
B) an auditorium to prevent cheating
C) the English classroom
D) the special testing room used for all exam.
E) silence

Question 43

Someone asks you to name the twenty-second president of the United States, but you can't remember. To aid your memory, the person then tells you that the president's name is the same as that of a large city on Lake Erie. Upon hearing the hint, you instantly realize that Grover Cleveland is the answer. In this situation, the hint acted as a(n)

A) elaborative rehearsal cue.
B) cross code.
C) structural cue.
D) retrieval cue.
E) mnemonic cue.

Question 44

How do retrieval cues help you to remember?

A) They provide inferences.
B) They help chunk information.
C) They direct you to relevant information stored in long-term memory.
D) They provide numbers for ideas.
E) They don't-this is a placebo effect that leaves you feeling as if memory was aided when it really was not.

Question 45

In the game show Jeopardy! contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is

A) procedural.
B) semantic.
C) episodic.
D) working.
E) autobiographical.

Question 46

To answer this multiple choice question, you must use

A) implicit memory.
B) recognition.
C) recall.
D) procedural memory.
E) the method of loci.

Question 47

A police officer is shot in a gun battle with bank robbers. Although emergency brain surgery saves his life, it leaves him unable to store new information. The officer's family is applying to the state for compensation for his injuries. When asked to provide a diagnosis of the difficulties he suffers, what will they write?

A) proactive amnesia
B) anterograde amnesi.
C) retrograde amnesi.
D) retroactive amnesia
E) pernicious amnesia

Question 48

When asked to recall the date of John Kennedy's assassination, Peter draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962; November 22, 1963; or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices. This example most clearly demonstrates the value of

A) state-dependent memory.
B) retrieval cues.
C) cross links in deep structure.
D) mnemonic devices.
E) mood-congruency.

Question 49

Many middle-aged adults can vividly recall where they were and what they were doing the day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated, although they cannot remember what they were doing the day before he was assassinated. This is an example of a(n)

A) eidetic image.
B) flashbulb memory.
C) semantic memory.
D) procedural memory.
E) TOT memory.

Question 50

Mateo is 70 years old and had a stroke last year. He is now unable to remember how to get to and return from his new doctor's office using a specific route. What brain structure was potentially damaged by Mateo's stroke?

A) his amygdal.
B) his hypothalamus
C) his hippocampu.
D) his cerebellum
E) his medulla

Question 51

A patient's chart indicates he just had surgery to remove his hippocampus as a result of a tumor. What change do you anticipate in the patient after the operation?

A) The patient will not be able to process colors.
B) The patient will have problems experiencing hunger.
C) The patient will not be able to remember new information.
D) The patient will not be able to perform tasks such as block designs.
E) The patient will not be able to remember physical memories.

Question 52

If ________ amnesia is like losing a document in the computer because of a power loss, then ________ amnesia is like pushing the save key and having the document disappear instead of being stored.

A) anterograde; retrograd.
B) retrograde; anterograd.
C) adolescent; conductive
D) procedural; implicit
E) implicit; explicit

Question 53

Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of ________ memory.

A) episodi.
B) semanti.
C) working
D) implicit
E) procedural

Question 54

Under most circumstances, when you are intentionally trying to remember an item of information, ________ is a less demanding task than ________.

A) recognition; recal.
B) recall; recognitio.
C) priming; the savings method
D) the savings method; priming
E) a mnemonic; the method of loci

Question 55

Which of the following statements about flashbulb memories is true?

A) Flashbulb memories tend to be about as accurate as other types of memories.
B) People feel unconfident about their recall of flashbulb memories.
C) A major news event automatically causes a person to store a flashbulb memory.
D) Your memory of how you felt at the onset of a flashbulb memory rarely changes over time.
E) Flashbulb memories only occur for positive life events.

Question 56

An emotionally arousing event will cause

A) people to repress the memory of the event.
B) difficulties in retrieving the memory.
C) interference with episodic memory but not semantic memory.
D) an enhanced ability to remember the event.
E) long-term potentiation to diminish, thus increasing memory.

Question 57

Because ideas in LTM are stored in terms of meaning, a practical way to improve memory is to

A) cut down on alcohol intake on study days.
B) use only maintenance rehearsal when studying.
C) study in a noisy and crowded environment.
D) wait until the last moment to learn new material.
E) make the material meaningful when it is in working memory.

Question 58

We are always aware of ________ memory, whereas ________ memory may be incidentally learned.

A) semantic; episodic
B) implicit; explici.
C) episodic; semantic
D) explicit; implici.
E) semantic; procedural

Question 59

If I asked you what you ate for dinner on Saturday, it might be a difficult task. However, if I reminded you that you went to Outback Steakhouse with your mother and aunt, it may be easier to remember. Why is that?

A) You have been provided with retrieval cues.
B) You are now relying on recognition rather than recall.
C) You are now utilizing procedural memory.
D) There is no more proactive interference.
E) You have used maintenance rehearsal to access the memory.

Question 60

Your ability to remember where you were the morning of September 11, 2001, is an example of a(n) ________ memory.

A) flashbulb
B) semantic
C) procedura.
D) implicit
E) sensory

Question 61

Because of self-consistency bias,

A) Don may have trouble remembering how he initially felt about Vicki.
B) Pete's feelings about Anne may be stronger than they once were.
C) Sam may not love Florence any more.
D) Shawna believes that she always felt passionately about Matthew.
E) Tom believes that he loves Coral more than Mike does.

Question 62

Shalissa has two exams today. One is in French and the other is in history. Last night she studied French before history. When she gets to her history test, all she can remember is French! Shalissa's memory is suffering from

A) cue-dependent forgetting.
B) proactive interference.
C) decay.
D) retroactive interference .
E) encoding specificity.

Question 63

The forgetting curve noted by Ebbinghaus demonstrates the ________ of memory.

A) transienc.
B) encoding
C) interferenc.
D) repression
E) durability

Question 64

The TOT phenomenon is explained as due to a weak match between

A) retrieval cues and encoding in LTM.
B) mnemonics and engrams.
C) semantic memory and recall.
D) implicit and explicit memory.
E) episodic memory and recognition.

Question 65

Simon read the words bed, night, snore, dream, comfort, and pillow to Jennifer. As a result of misattribution, we could expect Jennifer to

A) remember the word sleep.
B) experience some sleepiness.
C) only remember three or four of the words.
D) remember the first and last words, but not the middle words.
E) confuse the order of the words.

Question 66

Imagine that the first car you learned to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch, but the car you drive now is an automatic. Sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there. This example illustrates

A) retroactive interference.
B) proactive interference.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) anterograde amnesia.
E) eidetic amnesia.

Question 67

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to demonstrate accurate eyewitness recall?

A) George, who has been told that interrogation can create memory bia.
B) Paul, who is being questioned long after the event occurred
C) Richard, who is 73 years old
D) Stu, who is three years ol.
E) John, who is feeling particularly confident about his memories

Question 68

Janie is taking an exam in her history class.am, there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War (whatever that is).embers four of them. there is a fifth and can almost remember it; she knows that it is something like taxes.walking down the stairs, when all of a sudden, she remembers that the fifth point is taxes, but it is too late. suffering from

A) encoding problem.
B) storage inversion
C) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
D) evaluation overload
E) anterograde amnesia

Question 69

Your teacher has given each student the name of a key figure in the history of psychology. The assignment is to describe at least one significant contribution made by this person. If your historical figure is Hermann Ebbinghaus, what contribution might you describe to the class?

A) He described the limits of sensory storage.
B) He discovered the parts of the brain responsible for processing memories.
C) He created nonsense syllables in order to study memory in a pure form.
D) He developed a series of memory aids that is still used by students today.
E) His development of the fMRI to test brain activity during memory tasks.

Question 70

You start out using Firefox, then change to Explorer because your company demands that browsers be Microsoft products. If you have trouble with Explorer, it is most likely due to

A) proactive interferenc.
B) retroactive interferenc.
C) anterograde interference
D) consolidation problems
E) retrograde interference

Question 71

When given a list of items to remember, people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list than the middle of the list. This is known as the

A) phi phenomenon.
B) recency effect.
C) chunking effect.
D) primacy effect.
E) impression effect.

Question 72

Absent-mindedness in a college student would typically involve

A) trying to study while watching television.
B) a failure to encode a stimulus event.
C) a failure to connect new input to previously stored information.
D) a failure of iconic memory.
E) an old memory making it difficult to recall a newer one.

Question 73

A temporary failure to recall where you left your keys is most likely due to

A) transience.
B) proactive interference.
C) misattribution.
D) absent-mindedness.
E) the TOT phenomenon.

Question 74

The observation that depressed people tend to favor recall of depressing memories is known as ________ memory.

A) sociopathic
B) anterograde
C) mood-congruen.
D) retrograde
E) encoding specificit.

Question 75

If you are trying to remember the names of all the U.S. presidents, the serial position effect would predict that you will have difficulty

A) remembering more than about seven (plus or minus two) of them.
B) recognizing the names of the presidents on a list.
C) recalling the earliest presidents.
D) recalling the most recent presidents.
E) recalling the presidents in the middle of the list.

Question 76

Which of the following statements regarding TOT experiences is FALSE?

A) They often involve the names of famous people or familiar objects.
B) They typically involve recognition tasks.
C) About half the time, the words do eventually pop into mind.
D) When words are finally remembered, it is usually within one minute.
E) They may be explained by inadequate context cues.

Question 77

If you are unable to remember the name of your second grade teacher because you haven't thought of her in a while, you are demonstrating

A) the serial position effect.
B) transience.
C) misattribution.
D) absent-mindedness.
E) encoding specificity.

Question 78

You are invited to take part in a study by a researcher trying to replicate the work of Hermann Ebbinghaus. What might this researcher ask you to do?

A) "Write down all the words you can remember."
B) "Read this poem and then interpret its meaning."
C) "Listen to me: BEC, DAX, FER, KOJ; now repeat what I said..
D) "Listen to these sounds and write down words that come to mind..
E) "Look at these inkblots and tell me what you see in them."

Question 79

Moishe can remember only the first two items and the last two items on the grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone. The other five items in between are gone. This is an example of the ________ effect.

A) encoding specificity
B) serial positio.
C) TO.
D) reintegrative
E) priming

Question 80

Writing the previous year on your checks instead of the current year is an example of

A) retroactive interferenc.
B) encoding specificity.
C) proactive interference.
D) repression.
E) transience.