Question 1

The type of muscle contraction that rights the trunk after functional activities is:&#10;A) concentric.&#10;B) eccentric.&#10;C) isometric.&#10;D) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

When the trunk moves in a direction opposite to gravitational pull,the muscles on the uppermost side of the trunk contract concentrically.

Question 2

Assuming an anterior pelvic tilt results in:&#10;A) spinal extension.&#10;B) an anterior weight shift.&#10;C) an accentuation of the lumbar lordosis.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The patient initiates the movement with the lower trunk and pelvis and assumes an extended spine posture with a neutral to slight anterior tilt,which accentuates the lumbar curve.The patient completes the movement pattern by a concentric contraction of the trunk extensors.

Question 3

Reaching across the midline requires control of what specific movement patterns?&#10;A) Flexion&#10;B) Extension&#10;C) Rotation&#10;D) Lateral flexion

Accepted Answer

Rotational trunk responses result from reaching across the midline or for objects posterior to the shoulders or hips.

Question 4

The section of the spine that permits the greatest range of trunk flexion is the _____ spine.&#10;A) cervical&#10;B) thoracic&#10;C) lumbar&#10;D) sacral

Accepted Answer

Approximately 105 degrees of flexion come from the thoracolumbar area.

Question 5

Bridging is primarily controlled by the:&#10;A) rectus abdominis.&#10;B) obliques.&#10;C) hip and back extensors.&#10;D) hamstrings.

Accepted Answer

While the patient is in a supine position with the hips and knees flexed,the therapist asks the patient to assume a bridge position,which is accomplished by a concentric contraction of the hip and back extensors.

Question 6

Trunk rotation toward the left is controlled by the:&#10;A) rectus abdominis.&#10;B) left external oblique and right internal oblique.&#10;C) right external oblique and left internal oblique.&#10;D) right and left external oblique.

Accepted Answer

During rotation of the trunk to the left,the right external and left internal obliques are activated.The fibers of both of these muscles run in the same direction and are synergistic.

Question 7

Lifting a hip while seated to perform lower extremity dressing requires:&#10;A) a balance of flexion and extension control.&#10;B) concentric shortening of the trunk.&#10;C) lateral weight shifting ability.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of the above are challenged during this component of dressing.

Question 8

Movements that result in the shoulders moving posterior to the hips are primarily controlled by:&#10;A) abdominals.&#10;B) extensors.&#10;C) lateral flexors.&#10;D) obliques.

Accepted Answer

Patients assume a seated,upright position.The therapist asks them to move their shoulders behind their hips slowly and with control;this movement pattern occurs in the sagittal plane,is initiated from the upper trunk,and elicits an eccentric contraction of the trunk flexors.

Question 9

Reaching down to pick up an object from the floor requires which type of contraction of the extensors?&#10;A) Concentric&#10;B) Eccentric&#10;C) Isometric&#10;D) Isotonic

Accepted Answer

When controlling the speed of trunk movements in the direction of gravitational pull,the muscles contract eccentrically (in controlled and active elongation).

Question 10

Crossing the involved leg during lower extremity dressing predominately requires control of the back extensors to prevent posterior falls.

Accepted Answer

The primary muscle group that prevents a posterior loss of balance is the abdominals.

Deck 7: Trunk Control: Supporting Functional Independence