Deck 2: Introduction to Urinalysis

Question 1

Which of the following is least likely to occur if a urine specimen stands at room temperature for more than 2 hours?

A) Deterioration of formed elements
B) Increased bacteria
C) Decreased pH
D) Decreased glucose

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Red blood cells will disintegrate more rapidly in urine that is:

A) Concentrated and acidic
B) Concentrated and alkaline
C) Dilute and acidic
D) Dilute and alkaline

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The primary cause of the changes that take place in unpreserved urine is:

A) Bacterial growth
B) Excessive exposure to light
C) Oxidation of chemical constituents
D) Precipitation of crystals

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A urine specimen for reagent strip glucose analysis can be preserved using all of the following methods except:

A) Refrigeration
B) Boric acid
C) Sodium fluoride
D) Commercial tablets

Question 5

Which of the following will be least affected in an unpreserved specimen left at room temperature overnight?

A) Bilirubin
B) Urobilinogen
C) Red blood cells
D) Protein

Question 6

Urine from a patient with diabetes insipidus has:

A) Decreased volume and decreased specific gravity
B) Decreased volume and increased specific gravity
C) Increased volume and increased specific gravity
D) Increased volume and decreased specific gravity

Question 7

A specimen for routine urinalysis and culture can be preserved using:

A) Sodium fluoride
B) Boric acid
C) Formalin
D) Toluene

Question 8

In the laboratory,the preferred method of urine preservation is:

A) Refrigeration
B) Boric acid
C) Sodium fluoride
D) Commercial tablets

Question 9

All of the following are components of normal urine except:

A) Urea
B) Chloride
C) Amino acids
D) Creatinine

Question 10

Which of the following terms is correctly matched with urine output?

A) Anuria: 400 mL in 24 hours
B) Oliguria: 1000 mL in 24 hours
C) Polyuria: 3000 mL in 24 hours
D) Nocturia: no urine output

Question 11

A urine specimen may be rejected by the laboratory for all of the following reasons except:

A) Nonmatching label and requisition form
B) Specimen contaminated with feces
C) Contamination on the exterior of the container
D) The container uses a screw-top lid

Question 12

Which of the following urine chemicals will deteriorate when exposed to light?

A) pH
B) Leukocytes esterase
C) Bilirubin
D) Specific gravity

Question 13

A patient with polyuria shows a high specific gravity in the urine.The patient should be evaluated for:

A) Renal tubular acidosis
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) Prostatic infection

Question 14

To determine if a specimen is urine,measure the concentrations of:

A) Glucose and protein
B) Urea and creatinine
C) Uric acid and amino acids
D) Protein and amino acids

Question 15

A urine specimen containing a large amount of precipitated amorphous material may have been preserved using:

A) Refrigeration
B) Phenol
C) Formalin
D) Toluene

Question 16

An unpreserved urine specimen left at room temperature overnight will have decreased:

A) Bacteria
B) Specific gravity and pH
C) Glucose and ketones
D) Color and specific gravity

Question 17

A person exhibiting oliguria would have a urine volume of:

A) 200 to 500 mL
B) 600 to 1000 mL
C) 1000 to 1500 mL
D) more than 1500 mL

Question 18

The polyuria associated with diabetes mellitus is caused by:

A) The presence of excess glucose in the urine
B) A defect in the production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
C) The diuretic effect of insulin
D) Failure of the collecting duct to respond to ADH

Question 19

Persons taking diuretics can be expected to produce:

A) Anuria
B) Polyuria
C) Nocturia
D) Oliguria

Question 20

The average daily volume of urine produced by a normal adult is approximately:

A) 200 mL
B) 500 mL
C) 1200 mL
D) 2500 mL

Question 21

The required specimen for quantitative analysis of urinary constituents is the:

A) Midstream clean-catch specimen
B) First morning specimen
C) Random specimen
D) Timed specimen

Question 22

Which specimen(s)from a three glass collection do(es)not have to be examined microscopically?

A) #1
B) #2
C) #3
D) All should be examined

Question 23

Documentation of appropriate handling of specimens for drug analysis is provided by the:

A) Urinalysis supervisor
B) Physician
C) Temperature readings
D) Chain of custody form

Question 24

An increase in urine production during the night is described as:

A) Anuria
B) Oliguria
C) Polyuria
D) Nocturia

Question 25

The first morning specimen from a patient with no history of symptoms for diabetes is positive for glucose.The patient should:

A) Be given a glucose tolerance test
B) Be asked to collect the second morning specimen
C) Be asked to collect a timed specimen
D) Be tested for renal tubular damage

Question 26

Before analysis,a refrigerated urine specimen must be:

A) Warmed to 37?C
B) Examined for crystal formation
C) Examined for changes in color
D) Returned to room temperature

Question 27

A first morning specimen is frequently requested to confirm:

A) Orthostatic proteinuria
B) Fanconi's syndrome
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency

Question 28

Increased turbidity in urine stored at room temperature is usually caused by:

A) Evaporation
B) White blood cells
C) Bacterial growth
D) Protein precipitation

Question 29

All of the following are good preservatives of urinary cellular elements except:

A) Boric acid
B) Formalin
C) Sodium fluoride
D) Thymol

Question 30

All of the following specimens are acceptable for a urine culture except:

A) Catheterized specimen
B) Timed specimen
C) Suprapubic aspiration
D) Midstream clean-catch specimen

Question 31

An alternative to the catheterized specimen is the:

A) Fasting specimen
B) First morning specimen
C) Midstream clean-catch specimen
D) Three glass collection

Question 32

The liver breaks down protein to form what waste product?

A) Urea
B) Amino acids
C) Sodium
D) Chloride

Question 33

The recommended specimen for routine urinalysis testing is the:

A) Random specimen
B) Timed specimen
C) First morning specimen
D) Catheterized specimen

Question 34

What is the maximum length of time a urine specimen can remain unpreserved at room temperature before testing?

A) 30 minutes
B) 2 hours
C) 3 hours
D) 6 hours

Question 35

The specimen of choice for routine urinalysis is the first morning urine because it:

A) Has a high volume
B) Is produced while the body is in a resting state
C) Is more dilute to prevent false-positive reactions
D) Is more concentrated to better detect abnormalities

Question 36

The three glass collection is used for the diagnosis of:

A) Bladder cancer
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Prostate infection

Question 37

The least contaminated specimen for bacterial culture is the:

A) Catheterized specimen
B) Suprapubic aspiration
C) Three glass collection
D) Midstream clean-catch specimen

Question 38

Where should labels on urine specimen containers be placed?

A) Container
B) Lid
C) Bottom
D) Placement does not matter

Question 39

Quantitation of a substance that varies with daily activities should be performed on a:

A) Timed overnight specimen
B) First morning specimen
C) 24-hour specimen
D) 2-hour postprandial specimen

Question 40

Failure to empty the bladder before beginning the collection of a timed urine specimen will:

A) Cause falsely increased results
B) Affect the preservation of glucose
C) Cause falsely decreased results
D) Adversely affect culture results

Question 41

A urine bacterial culture should not be performed on a catheterized specimen.

Question 42

Matching
State whether the following actions will cause false-positive or false-negative test results:
A.False-positive
B.False-negative
Aliquots from 24-hour specimens are being obtained before measuring and mixing the sample.

Question 43

Matching
State whether the following actions will cause false-positive or false-negative test results:
A.False-positive
B.False-negative
The temperature of a specimen for drug testing is 25?C when measured within 4 minutes of collection.

Question 44

Matching
State whether the following actions will cause false-positive or false-negative test results:
A.False-positive
B.False-negative
A patient is deprived of fluids during a 6-hour timed urine collection.

Question 45

A specimen delivered to the laboratory in a gray-top Vacutainer is acceptable for urinalysis.

Question 46

A urine specimen label should include the date and time of collection.

Question 47

Matching
State whether the following actions will cause false-positive or false-negative test results:
A.False-positive
B.False-negative
The second sample of a three glass collection has a positive urine culture.

Question 48

Polydipsia is a symptom of both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

Question 49

Urine that remains unpreserved at room temperature will show an increase in the concentrations of nitrate,glucose,and white blood cells.

Question 50

Physicians performing urinalysis can determine whether a specimen is urine from the presence of formed elements.

Question 51

Urine contains organic and inorganic chemicals that can vary with body metabolic functions.

Question 52

Dietary intake does not influence urine volume.