Deck 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating

Question 1

Theories are derived directly from observations.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The number of reliably known digits in a number is called the number of estimated uncertainty.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A kind of analogy or mental image of a phenomenon in terms of something we are familiar with is referred to as a

A)model.
B)theory.
C)law.
D)principle.
E)hypothesis.

Answer 3

model.

Question 4

Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.

Question 5

When dividing several quantities, the number of significant digits in the result must always be

A)larger than the number of significant digits in the most accurate of the quantities.
B)equal to the number of significant digits in the most accurate of the quantities.
C)equal to the average number of significant digits in the most and least accurate of the quantities.
D)equal to the number of significant digits in the least accurate of the quantities.
E)smaller than the number of significant digits in the least accurate of the quantities.

Question 6

A useful method of expressing very small or very large numbers is

A)scientific notation.
B)arabic numerals.
C)roman numerals.
D)significant figures.
E)greek letters.

Question 7

A statement found to be experimentally valid over a wide range of observed phenomena is referred to as a

A)model.
B)theory.
C)law.
D)principle.
E)hypothesis.

Question 8

Estimated uncertainty is meant to take into account precision but not accuracy.

Question 9

List the SI base units.

Question 10

State the general rule for significant figures when adding or subtracting numbers.

Question 11

Describe an order-of-magnitude estimate.

Question 12

Dimensional analysis can tell you whether an equation is physically correct.

Question 13

List the SI base quantities.

Question 14

A theory cannot be absolutely verified.

Question 15

When subtracting several quantities, the number of decimal places in the result must always be

A)larger than the number of decimal places in the most accurate of the quantities.
B)equal to the number of decimal places in the most accurate of the quantities.
C)equal to the average number of significant digits in the most and least accurate of the quantities.
D)equal to the number of decimal places in the least accurate of the quantities.
E)smaller than the number of decimal places in the least accurate of the quantities.

Question 16

State the general rule for significant figures when multiplying or dividing numbers.

Question 17

There is an uncertainty associated with every measurement.

Question 18

When multiplying several quantities, the number of significant digits in the result must always be

A)larger than the number of significant digits in the most accurate of the quantities.
B)equal to the number of significant digits in the most accurate of the quantities.
C)equal to the average number of significant digits in the most and least accurate of the quantities.
D)equal to the number of significant digits in the least accurate of the quantities.
E)smaller than the number of significant digits in the least accurate of the quantities.

Question 19

Accuracy refers to the repeatability of a measurement using a given instrument.

Question 20

When adding several quantities, the number of decimal places in the result must always be

A)larger than the number of decimal places in the most accurate of the quantities.
B)equal to the number of decimal places in the most accurate of the quantities.
C)equal to the average number of significant digits in the most and least accurate of the quantities.
D)equal to the number of decimal places in the least accurate of the quantities.
E)smaller than the number of decimal places in the least accurate of the quantities.

Question 21

How many significant figures are in 0.0067?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 22

The metric prefix for one one-hundredth is

A)milli.
B)centi.
C)kilo.
D)mega.
E)giga.

Question 23

How many significant figures are in 10,002?

A)ambiguous
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 24

Select the list which contains only SI basic units.

A)liter, meter, second, watt
B)joule, kelvin, kilogram, watt
C)candela, kelvin, meter, second
D)joule, newton, second, watt
E)candela, joule, second, meter

Question 25

How many basic units does the SI system have?

A)three
B)four
C)five
D)seven
E)ten

Question 26

The metric prefix for one one-thousandth is

A)milli.
B)centi.
C)kilo.
D)mega.
E)giga.

Question 27

All of the following are base units of the SI system except:

A)kilogram.
B)kelvin.
C)meter.
D)volt.
E)candela.

Question 28

Four students measure the mass of an object, each using a different scale. They record their results as follows: Which student used the most precise scale?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 29

The base SI unit of length is

A)millimeter.
B)centimeter.
C)meter.
D)kilometer.
E)megameter.

Question 30

What is the product of 12.56 and 2.12?

A)27
B)26.6
C)26.23
D)26.627
E)26.6270

Question 31

The metric prefix for one thousand is

A)milli.
B)centi.
C)kilo.
D)mega.
E)giga.

Question 32

Four students measure the mass of an object, each using a different scale. They record their results as follows: Which student used the least precise scale?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 33

What is the difference between 105.3 and 101.12?

A)4
B)4.2
C)4.18
D)4.180
E)4.1800

Question 34

What is the result of 2.43 ÷ 4.561?

A)5.3278 × 10^-1
B)5.328 × 10^-1
C)5.33 × 10^-1
D)5.3 × 10^-1
E)5 × 10^-1

Question 35

How many significant figures are in 120.07?

A)6
B)5
C)4
D)3
E)2

Question 36

What is the sum of 1123 and 10.3 written with the correct number of significant figures?

A)1.13 × 10³
B)1133.3000
C)1.1 × 10³
D)1133.3
E)1133

Question 37

How many significant figures are in 576,000?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)ambiguous

Question 38

How many significant figures are in 0.00054?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 39

What precision should you expect for a quantity that you determine by estimation in which variables used in the calculation are rounded to the nearest power of ten?

A)Two significant figures will always be correct.
B)the correct order of magnitude
C)Anywhere from two to three significant figures will always be correct.
D)One significant figure will always be correct.
E)Three significant figures will always be correct.

Question 40

What is the sum of 1.49 + 3.212 + 1.9?

A)7
B)6.6
C)6.60
D)6.602
E)6.6020

Question 41

Write out the number 9.45 × 10^-5 in full with a decimal point and correct number of zeros.

A)0.00000945
B)0.0000945
C)0.000945
D)0.00945
E)0.0945

Question 42

What is 34 + ( 4) × (1.2465) written with the correct number of significant figures?

A)39.0
B)38.99
C)4 × 10¹
D)39
E)38.986

Question 43

Approximately how many times does an average human heart beat in a year?

A)4 × 10⁵
B)4 × 10⁶
C)4 × 10⁷
D)4 × 10⁸
E)4 × 10⁹

Question 44

How many seconds in 5.24 days?

A)3.77 × 10³ s
B)4.98 × 10⁷ s
C)4.53 × 10⁵ s
D)2.26 × 10⁵ s
E)7.55 × 10³ s

Question 45

What is the conversion factor between km/h and m/s?

A)7.72 × 10^-5 (m/s)/(km/h)
B)2.78 × 10^-1 (m/s)/(km/h)
C)1.30 × 10⁴ (m/s)/(km/h)
D)3.60 (m/s)/(km/h)
E)16.7 (m/s)/(km/h)

Question 46

What is the percent uncertainty in the measurement 2.58 ± 0.15 cm?

A)2.9%
B)5.8%
C)8.7%
D)12%
E)15%

Question 47

How many minutes is 182 days?

A)1.31 × 10⁵ min
B)2.62 × 10⁵ min
C)7.86 × 10⁷ min
D)1.57 × 10⁷ min
E)127 min

Question 48

Write the number 0.00056 in power of ten notation.

A)5.6 × 10^-5
B)5.6 × 10^-4
C)5.6 × 10^-3
D)5.6 × 10^-2
E)5.6 × 10^-1

Question 49

Approximately how many times does an average human heart beat in a lifetime?

A)3 × 10¹¹
B)3 × 10¹⁰
C)3 × 10⁹
D)3 × 10⁸
E)4 × 10⁷

Question 50

The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m, respectively. Multiplying, your calculator gives the product as 0.68175. Rounding properly to the correct number of significant figures, the area should be written as

A)0.7 m².
B)0.68 m².
C)0.682 m².
D)0.6818 m².
E)0.68175 m².

Question 51

What is the cosine of 45°?

A)0.7
B)0.71
C)0.707
D)0.7071
E)0.70710

Question 52

Convert 4.5 × 10^-3 to decimal notation.

A)4.500
B)0.4500
C)0.0450
D)0.0045
E)0.00045

Question 53

What is the volume, and its approximate uncertainty, of a sphere of radius 1.96 ± 0.01 m?

A)31.5 ± 0.1 m³
B)31.5 ± 0.2 m³
C)31.5 ± 0.3 m³
D)31.5 ± 0.4 m³
E)31.5 ± 0.5 m³

Question 54

What is the conversion factor between cm² and m²?

A)0.01 m²/ cm²
B)0.0001 m²/ cm²
C)10 m²/ cm²
D)100 m²/ cm²
E)10000 m²/ cm²

Question 55

0.00325 × 10^-8 cm can also be expressed in mm as

A)3.25 × 10^-12 mm.
B)3.25 × 10^-11 mm.
C)3.25 × 10^-10 mm.
D)3.25 × 10^-9 mm.
E)3.25 × 10^-8 mm.

Question 56

What is the percent uncertainty in the area of a circle whose radius is 1.8 × 10⁴ cm?

A)1.1%
B)5.6%
C)11%
D)24%
E)56%

Question 57

What, approximately, is the percent uncertainty for the measurement 5.2?

A)1%
B)2%
C)3%
D)4%
E)5%

Question 58

What is 56 + ( 32.00)/(1.2465 + 3.45) written with the correct number of significant figures?

A)62.8
B)62.812
C)62.81
D)63
E)62.8123846

Question 59

0.0001895 can also be expressed as

A)1.895 × 10^-3.
B)1.895 × 10^-4.
C)18.95 × 10⁴.
D)1895 × 10⁵.
E)189.5 × 10⁷.

Question 60

What is the conversion factor between km/ h² and m/ s²?

A)7.72 × 10^-5 (m/ s²)/(km/ h²)
B)2.78 × 10^-1 (m/ s²)/(km/ h²)
C)1.30 × 10⁴ (m/ s²)/(km/ h²)
D)3.60 (m/ s²)/(km/ h²)
E)16.7 (m/ s²)/(km/ h²)

Question 61

Estimate how many times you would have to fold a sheet of paper until it becomes as thick as a large dictionary (approximately 10 cm thick).

A)10 times
B)50 times
C)100 times
D)500 times
E)1000 times

Question 62

The position, x, of an object is given by the equation x = A + Bt +Ct², where t refers to time. What are the dimensions of A, B, and C?

A)distance, distance, distance
B)distance, time, time
C)distance, time, time²
D)distance, distance/time, distance/ time²
E)distance/time, distance/time², distance/ time³

Question 63

Approximately how many pennies would you have to stack to reach an average 8-foot ceiling?

A)2 × 10³
B)2 × 10²
C)2 × 10⁴
D)2 × 10⁵
E)2 x 10⁶

Question 64

The density of a solid object is defined as the ratio of the mass of the object to its volume. The dimension of density is

A)[M]/[L].
B)[L]³/[M].
C)[M][L]^-3.
D)[M][L][T].
E)[M][L].

Question 65

Estimate the number of pennies that would fit in a box one foot across by one foot wide by one foot tall.

A)5 × 10²
B)5 × 10³
C)5 × 10⁴
D)5 × 10⁵
E)5 x 10⁴

Question 66

Power is defined as the rate of work per time, power = work/time. If the dimensions of power are [ML²T^-3], what are the dimensions of work?

A)[MLT^-3]
B)[ML²T^-1]
C)[ML³T^-3]
D)[ML²T^-2]
E)[ML²T^-4]

Question 67

The period of a pendulum is the time it takes the pendulum to swing back and forth once. If the only dimensional quantities that the period depends on are the acceleration of gravity, g, and the length of the pendulum, L, what combination of g and L must the period be proportional to? Acceleration has dimensions of [L][T^-2].

A)g/L
B)gL²
C)gL
D)
E)

Question 68

A person stands 35.0 m from a flag pole. With a protractor at eye level, he finds that the angle at the top of the flag pole makes with the horizontal is 25.0 degrees. Approximately how high is the flag pole? (The distance from his feet to his eyes is 1.7 m.)

A)10 m
B)20 m
C)30 m
D)50 m
E)80 m

Question 69

Estimate the number of times Earth will rotate on its axis during a human's lifetime.

A)3 × 10⁴
B)3 × 10⁵
C)3 × 10⁶
D)3 × 10⁷
E)3 x 10⁸

Question 70

Impulse is a quantity that is equal to force multiplied by time. If the dimensions of force are [M][L][T^-2], what are the dimensions of impulse?

A)[M][L][T^-3]
B)[M][L²][T]
C)[M][L²][T^-2]
D)[M][L][T^-1]
E)[M][L]

Question 71

In solving a physics problem you end up with m in the numerator and m/s in the denominator. The units for your answer are

A)m²/s.
B)m².
C)m.
D)s.
E)1/s.