Deck 11: One-Way Analysis of Variance

Question 1

An extraneous factor is also called a(n):

A) confounding variable
B) confusing variable
C) inconsistent variable
D) conflicting variable

Answer 1

confounding variable

Question 2

An experiment conducted with one or a few participants to better understand the behavior of those individuals is called a small _____ design.

A) n
B) p
C) t
D) r

Answer 2

n

Question 3

Main effects compare _______ means and interaction effects compare _________ means.

A) level, condition
B) condition, level
C) independent variable, dependent variable
D) dependent variable, independent variable

Answer 3

level, condition

Question 4

At minimum, how many independent variables must be included in a study in order for it to be classified as an experiment?

A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three

Question 5

A _______ design is a between-subjects experiment that involves sets of participants matched on a specific characteristic with each member of the set randomly assigned to a different level of the independent variable

A) significant
B) corresponding
C) paired
D) matched

Question 6

Which of the following represents an experiment?

A) Two groups of participants (those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed) are asked to perform a speeded cognitive task to compare performance for the two groups.
B) Participants take a handedness questionnaire with score indicating the degree of right- and left-handedness to look for a relationship between handedness score and time to complete a cognitive task.
C) Participants are randomly assigned to conditions where a cognitive task is given with speeded or non-speeded instructions to determine if there is an effect of instruction type of task performance.

Question 7

In a factorial design, there is/are at least ______ independent variables).

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 8

Participants receive all levels of a(n) __________ variable, but only one level of an) ____________ variable.

A) independent, dependent
B) dependent, independent
C) within-subjects, between-subjects
D) between-subjects, within-subjects

Question 9

In a graph of condition means from an experiment, the ________ variable should be plotted on the x-axis, whereas the _________ variable should be plotted on the y-axis.

A) dependent; independent
B) independent; dependent
C) confounding; outcome
D) outcome; confounding

Question 10

_________ can be used to counter order effects.

A) Randomization
B) Counterbalancing
C) Independent variables
D) Dependent variables

Question 11

Order effects are particularly problematic for __________ designs, but group differences are a problematic in __________ designs.

A) independent, dependent
B) dependent, independent
C) within-subjects, between-subjects
D) between-subjects, within-subjects

Question 12

An independent variable is

A) a manipulated variable.
B) a measured variable.
C) an extraneous variable.
D) rarely included in an experiment.

Question 13

An experiment is defined by

A) the manipulation of a variable.
B) control of confounding variables.
C) tests of causal relationships.
D) all of the above.

Question 14

Simple effects tests are used to describe

A) main effects.
B) interaction effects.
C) non-significant results.
D) marginal means.

Question 15

A main effect compares means for

A) all the conditions in the experiment.
B) the levels of one independent variable against the levels of another independent variable.
C) the levels of one independent variable averaged across the levels of the other independent variables.
D) none of the above.

Question 16

_________ can be used to counter group differences.

A) Randomization
B) Counterbalancing
C) Independent variables
D) Dependent variables

Question 17

_______ effects occur when the order in which the participants experience conditions in an experiment affects the results of the study.

A) testing
B) order
C) interaction
D) significant

Question 18

A(n) _______ test is often used to analyze data in a factorial design.

A) t-
B) ANOVA
C) FACT
D) descriptive

Question 19

When the effect of one independent variable depends on the levels of another independent variable, this is called an)

A) main effect.
B) interaction effect.
C) ANOVA.
D) dependent variable.

Question 20

In a Latin Square, the number of orders used is equal to the number of _________ in the experiment.

A) independent variables
B) dependent variables
C) conditions
D) confounding variables

Question 21

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a between-subjects experiment.

Question 22

Counterbalancing is relatively easy when there are only two conditions that participants will experience in an experiment.

Question 23

__________ effects occur when participants are tested more than once in a study, with early testing affecting later testing.

A) testing
B) order
C) interaction
D) significant

Question 24

All experiments contain at least one independent variable.

Question 25

An interaction effect can be tested in all experiments.

Question 26

When participants are randomly assigned to levels of the independent variable in an experiment to control for individual differences as an extraneous variable this is called:

A) chance assignment
B) arbitrary assignment
C) haphazard assignment
D) random assignment

Question 27

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a within-subjects experiment.

Question 28

The manipulation of an independent variable in an experiment allows the researcher to learn about the causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 29

Experiments are the best research design for answering causal research questions.

Question 30

The primary advantages of a ___________ design over simpler experiments is that a researcher can be more efficient in testing the effects of multiple independent variables in one experiment and can also examine the effects of the interactions of those independent variables on the dependent variable.

A) random
B) independent
C) factorial
D) matched

Question 31

Describe the interaction effect shown in the graph below.

Question 32

Random assignment means that subjects are assigned to groups according to chance, not according to any characteristic they possess or any choice made by the researcher.

Question 33

Latin Squares can be useful for within subjects designs where independent variables have the same number of levels.

Question 34

What aspects of an experiment allow tests of causal relationships?

Question 35

A manipulation of an _______ variable involves researcher control of the administration of the levels of the variable to the participants.

A) independent
B) dependent
C) causal
D) matched

Question 36

In experiments where individual differences are likely to be present and a small sample size is used, random assignment may not be sufficient to control for these differences.

Question 37

When different groups of participants receive different orders of the levels of the independent variable this is called:

A) Randomization
B) Counterbalancing
C) Matching
D) Ordering

Question 38

The presence of individual differences across groups is the greatest concern for within-subjects experiments.

Question 39

The primary concern of between-subjects variables is the order in which the participants receive the different levels of the independent variable.