Deck 19: Introduction to the Angiosperms

Question 1

A monoecious species has:

A) flowers with all floral whorls.
B) floral parts united with other members of the same whorl.
C) floral parts united with members of other whorls.
D) staminate and carpellate flowers on the same plant.
E) staminate and carpellate flowers on different plants.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All bilaterally symmetrical flowers are:

A) hypogynous.
B) regular.
C) irregular.
D) superior.
E) inferior.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements about a stamen is FALSE?

A) It is a microsporophyll.
B) It usually consists of an anther and a filament.
C) It contains four microsporangia.
D) It contains pollen sacs.
E) It is part of the gynoecium.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

In angiosperms, the mature female gametophyte consists of _____ cells.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9

Question 5

The gynoecium consists of all the ______ of a flower.

A) carpels
B) ovules
C) ovaries
D) placentae
E) stigmas

Question 6

The portion of a carpel that encloses the ovules is the:

A) style.
B) stigma.
C) ovary.
D) placenta.
E) funiculus.

Question 7

The pedicel of a flower is:

A) a leaflike structure that contains the ovules.
B) the part of the flower stalk to which flower parts are attached.
C) the stalk of a flower or an inflorescence.
D) the stalk of a flower in an inflorescence.
E) the stalk that attaches an ovule to the ovary.

Question 8

The fertile parts of a flower are the:

A) sepals and petals.
B) sepals and stamens.
C) petals and stamens.
D) sepals and carpels.
E) carpels and stamens.

Question 9

The perianth consists of all the ______ of a flower.

A) sepals
B) petals
C) sepals and petals
D) fertile parts
E) sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

Question 10

Which of the following statements about phylum Anthophyta is FALSE?

A) It is the largest phylum of photosynthetic organisms.
B) The two major classes are the monocots and dicots.
C) Its members vary in size from 1 millimeter long to 100 meters tall.
D) Some members are parasitic.
E) Some members are myco-heterotrophic.

Question 11

In axile placentation, the ovules are borne:

A) on the ovary wall.
B) on a central column of tissue in a partitioned ovary.
C) on a central column of tissue in an unpartitioned ovary.
D) at the base of a unilocular ovary.
E) at the top of a unilocular ovary.

Question 12

In a myco-heterotrophic relationship, the ______ transfers carbohydrates to the _______.

A) fungus; myco-heterotroph
B) fungus; autotroph
C) fungus; cyanobacteria
D) myco-heterotroph; fungus
E) cyanobacteria; fungus

Question 13

A flower that has only stamens and petals is:

A) staminate and perfect.
B) perfect and complete.
C) perfect and incomplete.
D) imperfect and complete.
E) imperfect and incomplete.

Question 14

By definition, a flower with a aposepalous calyx has:

A) no sepals.
B) many sepals.
C) sepals joined together.
D) sepals not joined together.
E) sepals joined with a flower part in a different whorl.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about myco-heterotrophic plants is FALSE?

A) They lack chlorophyll.
B) They have obligate relationships with mycorrhizal fungi.
C) They are nonphotosynthetic.
D) They form haustoria with their host plant.
E) They are indirectly associated with an autotroph.

Question 16

An example of connation is the union of stamens with:

A) other stamens.
B) petals.
C) sepals.
D) carpels.
E) stigmas.

Question 17

In angiosperms, the ovary develops into a(n):

A) ovule.
B) seed.
C) fruit.
D) carpel.
E) perianth.

Question 18

The style connects the _____ to the ______.

A) anther; filament
B) calyx; corolla
C) androecium; gynoecium
D) ovules; ovary
E) ovary; stigma

Question 19

A perfect flower contains:

A) petals only.
B) stamens only.
C) carpels only.
D) petals and carpels.
E) carpels and stamens.

Question 20

In flowers with sepals, petals, and stamens attached below the ovary, the ovary is said to be:

A) hypogynous.
B) epigynous.
C) perigynous.
D) superior.
E) inferior.

Question 21

About 70% of living angiosperms have a(n) _______ type of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis.

A) Amborella
B) Oenothera
C) Polygonum
D) Fritillaria
E) Lilium

Question 22

In the most common pattern of embryo sac development in angiosperms, how many nuclei end up at the chalazal end?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9

Question 23

Which of the following statements concerning pollen grain apertures is FALSE?

A) They are located in the intine.
B) They are preferential sites for pollen tube initiation.
C) They are sites of uptake of various substances.
D) They can expand and contract.
E) They help protect the pollen grain from drying out.

Question 24

Which of the following statements concerning transmitting tissue is FALSE?

A) It is found within the style.
B) It guides the pollen tube toward the ovary.
C) The pollen tube grows out of the transmitting tissue at the funiculus.
D) It is classified as being either wet or dry.
E) The pollen tube grows between its cells.

Question 25

The innermost layer of the pollen sac wall is the:

A) sporogenous layer.
B) sporopollenin layer.
C) exine.
D) intine.
E) tapetum.

Question 26

________ mark the pathways of sperm cell and sperm nucleus migrations within the ovule.

A) Actin "coronas"
B) Transmitting tissues
C) Callose deposits
D) Hydrated layers of proteins, amino acids, and lipids
E) Germ units

Question 27

______ are found at the chalazal end of the embryo sac.

A) Polar nuclei
B) Synergids
C) Eggs
D) Ovules
E) Antipodals

Question 28

In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the ______, and the other sperm fuses with the ______.

A) egg; synergids
B) egg; polar nuclei
C) egg; antipodals
D) synergid; polar nuclei
E) synergid; antipodals

Question 29

Sporopollenin is the primary constituent of the:

A) integument.
B) nucellar wall.
C) exine.
D) intine.
E) tapetum.

Question 30

In embryo sac development, the egg apparatus contains the egg cell and the:

A) polar nuclei.
B) synergids.
C) chalaza.
D) central cell.
E) antipodals.

Question 31

In most angiosperms, the primary endosperm nucleus is:

A) n.
B) 2n.
C) 3n.
D) 4n.
E) 5n.

Question 32

The mature female gametophyte is called a(n):

A) embryo sac.
B) nucellus.
C) megasporangium.
D) endosperm.
E) ovule.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about pollen grains is FALSE?

A) They vary considerably in size and shape.
B) They differ in the number, arrangement, and shape of their apertures.
C) They provide insights into past climates.
D) They provide a means of identifying flowering plants.
E) They are poorly represented in the fossil record.

Question 34

A polymer in the _____ protects the pollen grain against UV radiation, dehydration, and pathogen attack.

A) tapetum
B) exine
C) microsporangium
D) microsporocyte
E) intine

Question 35

When the microspore of an angiosperm divides, it gives rise directly to:

A) two generative cells.
B) two tube cells.
C) two sperm cells.
D) a generative cell and a tube cell.
E) a sperm cell, a generative cell, and a tube cell.

Question 36

Microsporocytes divide by ______, forming ______.

A) mitosis; haploid microsporocytes
B) mitosis; diploid microsporocytes
C) meiosis; haploid microspores
D) mitosis; diploid microspores
E) meiosis; haploid megaspores

Question 37

In the center of the embryo sac are the:

A) ovules.
B) synergids.
C) eggs.
D) polar nuclei.
E) antipodals.

Question 38

The process of double fertilization occurs:

A) only in angiosperms.
B) in all angiosperms and gymnosperms.
C) only in angiosperms and Ephedra.
D) only in angiosperms and Gnetum.
E) only in angiosperms, Ephedra, and Gnetum.

Question 39

The mature megagametophyte consists of ______ nuclei and _____ cells.

A) 7; 7
B) 7: 5
C) 5; 7
D) 7: 8
E) 8; 7

Question 40

In the process of pollination, the:

A) anther dehisces, shedding its contents.
B) pollen passes from the anther to a stigma.
C) pollen tube grows through the style.
D) pollen tube enters the embryo sac.
E) sperm fertilizes an egg.

Question 41

The function of the endosperm is to provide ______ for the embryo.

A) support
B) oxygen
C) food
D) water
E) protection

Question 42

The integuments envelope the nucellus except at the micropyle.

Question 43

As the seed develops, the ovary wall becomes the:

A) perisperm.
B) pericarp.
C) endosperm.
D) nucellus.
E) integument.

Question 44

Angiosperms have archegonia but lack antheridia.

Question 45

All the petals of a flower are collectively called the calyx.

Question 46

The great majority of living angiosperms have mature embryo sacs consisting of seven cells and eight nuclei.

Question 47

In a flower with a superior ovary, the perianth and stamens are epigynous.

Question 48

The function of the tapetum is to provide food for developing microspores.

Question 49

Myco-heterotrophs have an obligate relationship with a mycorrhizal fungus.

Question 50

The first flowering plants had a Polygonum type of embryo sac.

Question 51

The central cell contains the egg apparatus.

Question 52

The most common type of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis is the Polygonum type.

Question 53

Radially symmetrical flowers are said to be irregular.

Question 54

In some angiosperms, the food store of the seed is perisperm derived from the:

A) integument.
B) embryo.
C) endosperm.
D) nucellus.
E) funiculus.

Question 55

Unlike gymnosperms, the stored food in angiosperms is:

A) provided by the male gametophyte.
B) provided by the female gametophyte.
C) sporophyte.
D) formed before fertilization.
E) formed after fertilization.

Question 56

A carpel is a leaflike structure that contains ovules.

Question 57

If a single ovule is borne on a central column in an unpartitioned ovary, the placentation is described as parietal.

Question 58

Sporopollenin protects the microgametophyte against UV radiation.

Question 59

In a carpel, the style connects the stigma with the ovary.

Question 60

A flower that has both stamens and carpels but lacks sepals is described as imperfect and incomplete.

Question 61

Perisperm develops from the proliferation of the nucellus.

Question 62

In angiosperms, embryogeny begins with a free nuclear stage.

Question 63

Endosperm may be an evolutionary derivative of a second embryo.

Question 64

Synergids produce chemicals that attract the pollen tube.

Question 65

The pollen tubes of gymnosperms grow faster than the pollen tubes of angiosperms.

Question 66

Wet stigmas have a cuticle that contains a hydrated layer of proteins, carbohydates, and lipids.

Question 67

The male germ unit consists of two sperms cells physically associated with the vegetative nucleus.