Deck 19: Organization Change and Development

Question 1

The first step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is

A)appointment of a change agent.
B)recognition of a need for a change.
C)diagnosis of the work system and context.
D)creation of a collateral organization.
E)selection of task redesign as a potential intervention.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The number of people born between 1945 and 1960 was

A)38 million
B)27 million
C)100 million
D)56 million
E)38 million

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Organization development does all of the following except

A)seek to imitate successful changes in other organizations.
B)attempt to plan organization changes.
C)be based on knowledge of the behavioral sciences.
D)exclude spontaneous initiatives.
E)be designed specifically to improve organizations.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The changes that are occurring in organizations include all of the following except

A)cultures.
B)structures.
C)work relationships.
D)customer relationships.
E)All of these are changes that are occurring.

Question 5

According to the continuous change process model, the final step is

A)measurement, evaluation, and control.
B)OB model.
C)a system audit and modification.
D)the change agent.
E)transition management.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered an example of organization development?

A)Job enlargement to reduce absenteeism and improve morale
B)Automating an assembly line to increase production
C)Autonomous work teams to improve cohesiveness
D)Job enrichment to satisfy esteem needs
E)Sensitivity training to improve communications

Question 7

A short time after Michael Dell, the CEO of Dell computers, stepped down and Kevin Rollins took over, the company started to have troubles.The troubles included all of the following except

A)profits plummeted.
B)the stock price plummeted.
C)sales at Wal-Mart plummeted.
D)market share plummeted.
E)customer satisfaction plummeted.

Question 8

Information processing and communication changes include all of the following except

A)a new generation of computers.
B)people may not need offices.
C)work stations will be more electronic than paper and pencil.
D)organizations will have systematic plans for changes.
E)satellite systems for data transmission.

Question 9

A structural change affects all of the following except

A)performance appraisals.
B)rewards.
C)the requirement of careful planning.
D)decision making.
E)communication.

Question 10

Organization development

A)focuses on technological change.
B)has yet to emerge as a distinct field of study.
C)works best as a spontaneous process.
D)is designed to combat unwanted change.
E)is the process of planned change using scientific knowledge.

Question 11

Most quality of work life efforts espouse a goal of

A)humanizing the workplace.
B)reduced interpersonal conflict.
C)strengthened competitive advantage.
D)increasing the quality of the work performed.
E)decreasing expenses and waste on the job.

Question 12

The expected benefits from quality of work life programs include all of the following except

A)positive attitudes.
B)increased automation of routine tasks.
C)increased effectiveness of the organization.
D)increased goal accomplishment.
E)increased productivity.

Question 13

When introducing job changes, managers must consider all of the following except

A)the total work environment within which the job exists.
B)whether the job changes require adjustments in other organizational components.
C)how to limit what employees know about the changes.
D)whether workers have, or can easily obtain, the newly required skills.
E)who will design the changes.

Question 14

All of the following are the most popular types of people-oriented change techniques except

A)training.
B)team building.
C)survey feedback.
D)Internet excursion.
E)management development.

Question 15

Transition management

A)is the responsibility of an outside consultant.
B)is the responsibility of the change agent.
C)relieves the regular management team of its normal duties.
D)halts business as usual during the change process.
E)begins before the change starts.

Question 16

Task and technological change focuses on

A)indirect alteration of jobs.
B)quality inputs to the process.
C)the way inputs are transformed into outputs.
D)broad system-wide changes.
E)the way standards are created and enforced.

Question 17

The degree to which members of a work organization are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organization is called

A)structural change.
B)system-wide change.
C)change agent success.
D)total quality management.
E)quality of work life.

Question 18

Baby boomers were born between the years

A)1930-1945
B)1960-1970
C)1945-1960
D)1970-1980
E)1980-2000

Question 19

The areas in which the pressures for change appear most powerful involve all of the following except

A)people.
B)technology.
C)information processing.
D)strategic planning.
E)competition.

Question 20

The second step in Lewin's Process Model of change is

A)refreezing.
B)unfreezing.
C)change itself.
D)prepare for it by planning.
E)not static.

Question 21

Each of the following is a reason to secure top management support for a change except

A)to reduce fear of obsolescence.
B)to head off problems of power.
C)to avoid problems of control.
D)to keep key managers informed.
E)to get the dominant coalition on the side of change.

Question 22

Which of the following is one of the organizational sources of resistance to change found by Katz and Kahn?

A)Narrow focus of change
B)Rapidity of change
C)Wide range of change
D)Ubiquity of change
E)Specificity of change

Question 23

In the absence of information regarding a change, employees may fill the gap with

A)inappropriate or false information.
B)sensitive participation.
C)a contribution.
D)a holistic view.
E)a synopsis.

Question 24

Overdetermination is sometimes called

A)structural inertia.
B)organizational inertia.
C)group inertia.
D)group stability.
E)organizational stability.

Question 25

All of the following statements about change are true except

A)an organization may resist change.
B)change is inevitable.
C)an organization may promote change.
D)resistance to change is inevitable.
E)resistance to change should be eliminated.

Question 26

Which of the following organizational sources of resistance occurs when group norms prevent an individual from attempting behavior change?

A)Fear of the unknown
B)Narrow focus of change
C)Group inertia
D)Habit
E)Resource allocation

Question 27

Who is often acknowledged after a change effort?

A)People who were hired once the change began.
B)People who were hired only after the change had ended.
C)People who worked hardest to speed up the change.
D)People who quickly grasped new work assignments.
E)People who tried to stop it.

Question 28

Which of the following is not an organizational source of resistance to change as identified by Katz and Kahn?

A)Overdetermination
B)Threatened expertise
C)Resource allocation
D)Group inertia
E)Lack of education

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the six reasons people resist change?

A)Economic factors
B)Overdetermination
C)Social factors
D)Lack of awareness
E)Fear of the unknown

Question 30

Which stage of the survey feedback process focuses on the change agent interviews?

A)Group feedback
B)Distribution of surveys
C)Data gathering
D)Process analysis
E)Improvement planning

Question 31

Sam has good working relationships with his boss and coworkers but is concerned that the upcoming organization change might disrupt these.Sam is most likely to resist the change because of

A)lack of awareness.
B)fear of the unknown.
C)economic factors.
D)habit.
E)social factors.

Question 32

With respect to management development, which of the following is not true?

A)The value of management development is a proven fact.
B)Management development objectives must be compatible with organizational objectives.
C)Management development is a long-range process.
D)Organizations must use care in identifying their unique developmental needs.
E)Management development is multifaceted and complex.

Question 33

All of the following are goals of team building except

A)to assess individual motivation.
B)to analyze the way work is performed.
C)to set team goals and priorities.
D)to examine relationships among workers.
E)to examine group norms.

Question 34

A major problem of training programs is

A)identifying actual training needs.
B)finding the time and funding for the training effort.
C)motivating employees to want to learn.
D)transferring employee training to the workplace.
E)finding "role model" trainers.

Question 35

When managers consider the impact of a change on the culture, the dominant coalition, and the people, tasks, and structure of the organization, they are more likely to be successful because they have

A)taken a holistic view.
B)secured top management support.
C)considered international issues.
D)started small.
E)encouraged participation.

Question 36

Which of the following is not true of the use of data collected through the survey feedback process?

A)Results should only be reviewed by top management.
B)Results are returned to all levels of the organization.
C)Results are used for solving problems.
D)Results are used to identify problems.
E)Results are aggregated by group or department.

Question 37

The pace of change makes it difficult to predict future changes.

Question 38

How might a manager reduce the spread of rumors regarding a change?

A)Start small.
B)Secure top management support.
C)Foster open communication.
D)Encourage participation.
E)Take a holistic view.

Question 39

Which of the following is not one of the keys to successful change management?

A)Reward those who contribute to change.
B)Secure top management support.
C)Encourage participation by those affected by the change.
D)Maximize employee job satisfaction.
E)Foster open communication.

Question 40

With respect to managing change, management should consider resistance to change as

A)something to be overcome as quickly as possible.
B)a signal to carefully examine the advantages and disadvantages of a change.
C)something to be avoided.
D)an opportunity to reinforce their authority.
E)a commonplace, everyday event and not worry about it.

Question 41

One key role of transition management is to deal with unintended consequences of organizational change.

Question 42

Excellent examples of organizations that have embraced OD are the U.S.Army, General Electric, and Royal Dutch Shell.

Question 43

Because of perceptual limitations such as lack of attention or selective attention, a person may not recognize a change in a rule or procedure and thus may not alter his or her behavior.

Question 44

A change in the organization may threaten the specialized expertise that individuals and groups have developed
over the years.

Question 45

Advances in information processing and communication have paralleled each other.

Question 46

Groups that are satisfied with current resource allocation methods may resist any change they believe will threaten future allocations.

Question 47

The three steps of Lewin's model of planned change are unfreezing, change, refreezing.

Question 48

A holistic view of change encompasses the culture and dominant coalition as well as the people, tasks, structure, and information subsystems.

Question 49

The four areas in which the pressures for change are the most powerful involve people, technology, culture, and competition.

Question 50

Employees must be prepared for constant change.

Question 51

The approach to introducing job changes that is recommended by the coauthor of this text is an integrative framework of five steps that reflect the complexities of the interfaces between individual jobs and the total organization.

Question 52

Jack Welch was so committed to making cultural changes within GE that he created the now famous Huntsville training facility to develop an army of change leaders.

Question 53

Despite their efforts to do so, baby boomers have failed to affect U.S.employment practices.

Question 54

Total quality management efforts usually focus on teams, and the principles of team building must be applied to make them work.

Question 55

Management development programs use the lecture- discussion method, but do not rely on participative methods such as case studies and role playing.

Question 56

Many efforts to create change in organizations adopt too broad a focus.

Question 57

The organization resists changes in that its structure and control systems protect the daily tasks of producing a product or service from uncertainties in the environment.

Question 58

As the rate of technological change increases, it becomes important to respond more rapidly to change.

Question 59

As baby boomers age, the median age of the U.S.population has gradually increased.

Question 60

One important type of training that is becoming increasingly more common is training people to work in other countries.

Question 61

The second step in Lewin's change process is _.

Question 62

Problems related to resistance, control, and power can be overcome by broad participation in planning the change.

Question 63

Organization development is based on a change process and focuses on managing the of the organization.

Question 64

of programs differ, but most espouse a goal of humanizing the workplace.

Question 65

The three most basic types of organization development techniques are - _, task-technological, and group- individual.

Question 66

organizational change involves anticipating change and preparing for it.

Question 67

Forces for change are and influence organizations in many ways.

Question 68

ensures that a firm functions properly during the change process.

Question 69

differ substantially from previous generations with respect to education, expectations, and value systems.

Question 70

From a behavioral perspective, individuals need to benefit in some way if they are to willingly help change something that eliminates the old, comfortable way of doing the job.

Question 71

According to the continuous change process model, in the measurement, evaluation, and phase, top management assesses the degree to which the change is having the desired effect.

Question 72

Employees who contribute to the change in any way need to be rewarded.

Question 73

Open communication is an important factor in managing resistance to change and overcoming information and control problems during transitions.

Question 74

A is a person who may help manage a change effort.

Question 75

The four popular types of people-oriented change techniques are training, management development programs, team building, and
_.

Question 76

The change process model emphasizes that change is constantly occurring at various stages within the organization.

Question 77

is the process of planned change and improvement of the organization through application of scientific knowledge.

Question 78

The most comprehensive change involves altering the of the organization through of departments, reporting relationships, or authority systems.

Question 79

The direct alteration of jobs is usually called .

Question 80

is a system-wide OD technique involving a major restructuring of the organization.