Deck 3: Cellular Form and Function

Question 1

One example of pinocytosis is the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) by endothelial cells.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Microvilli and cilia differ in their function but have the same internal structure.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter.What limits how large a cell can be?

A)a cell's lifespan
B)nutrients available in the environment of a cell
C)the relationship between its volume and length
D)the relationship between its length and surface area
E)the relationship between its volume and surface area

Question 5

The flat-shaped cells found covering the skin are

A)cuboidal.
B)columnar.
C)cylindrical.
D)squamous.
E)spherical.

Question 6

The Golgi complex makes peroxisomes but not lysosomes.

Question 7

A crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an inclusion.

Question 8

The greater the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion rate.

Question 9

The fluid outside of a cell is called

A)cytosol.
B)intracellular fluid.
C)extracellular fluid.
D)cytoplasm.
E)nucleoplasm.

Question 10

In the plasma membrane, glycolipids and glycoproteins face toward the cytoplasm, while peripheral proteins always face toward the ECF.

Question 11

The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT) is one example of an active transport process involving a uniport carrier.

Question 12

Ligand-gated channels are membrane proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a
chemical.

Question 13

A cell's second messengers serve to transport material through the plasma membrane.

Question 14

If a cell doubled in diameter, it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain.

Question 15

All of the generalizations below constitute the modern cell theory except

A)an organism's structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells.
B)all cells come only from preexisting cells.
C)all cells occupy space.
D)all organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
E)the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

Question 16

Both the nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by two layers of unit membrane.

Question 17

The most important advantage of transmission electron microscope (TEM) over light microscope
(LM) is its higher resolution.

Question 18

cells are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end.

A)Squamous
B)Stellate
C)Columnar
D)Spheroid
E)Fusiform

Question 19

The nucleus is the largest organelle in most cells.

Question 20

The Na+-K+ ATPase is a countertransport antiport carrier, which always requires energy.

Question 21

This figure shows the plasma membrane.What does "C" represent?

A)a peripheral protein
B)a channel protein
C)a glycoprotein
D)cholesterol
E)a phospholipid

Question 22

Insulin is taken up by endocytosis by endothelial cells lining capillaries, and then transported across the cell to the other side, where it is released.This transport is called

A)pinocytosis.
B)receptor-mediated phagocytosis.
C)passive transport.
D)facilitated transport.
E)transcytosis.

Question 23

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell.The carrier protein is a(n) and the process is called .

A)symport; cotransport
B)symport; countertransport
C)antiport; countertransport
D)antiport; cotransport
E)uniport; facilitated diffusion

Question 24

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called , but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called
)

A)osmosis; water pumps
B)osmosis; aquaporins
C)osmosis; uniport
D)filtration; aquaporins
E)filtration; water pumps

Question 25

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution.The concentration of solutes in the solution is than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to
)

A)higher; swell
B)lower; swell
C)higher; shrink
D)lower; shrink
E)lower; burst

Question 26

Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients.Their plasma membrane has

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)microvilli.
D)a glycocalyx.
E)dynein arms.

Question 27

This figure shows the plasma membrane.What does "D" represent?

A)a peripheral protein
B)a channel protein
C)a glycoprotein
D)a phospholipid
E)cholesterol

Question 28

act like identification tags in the glycocalyx that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells.

A)Glycoproteins
B)Lipoproteins
C)Cholesterol molecules
D)Phospholipids
E)Cell-adhesion molecules

Question 29

A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones.That is to say, the receptor exhibits

A)selectivity.
B)specificity.
C)efficacy.
D)saturation.
E)fidelity.

Question 30

are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane.

A)Glycolipids
B)Phospholipids
C)Prostaglandins
D)Proteins
E)Cholesterol molecules

Question 31

This figure shows the plasma membrane.What does "A" represent?

A)a peripheral protein
B)a channel protein
C)a glycoprotein
D)cholesterol
E)a phospholipid

Question 32

The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium their concentration gradients in a process called .

A)up; active transport
B)up; facilitated transport
C)up; cotransport
D)down; active transport
E)down; countertransport

Question 33

is the process in which forces water and small solutes such as salts through narrow clefts between capillary cells.

A)Filtration; hydrostatic pressure
B)Osmosis; hydrostatic pressure
C)Active transport; osmotic pressure
D)Active transport; hydrostatic pressure
E)Osmosis; osmotic pressure

Question 34

are membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate.

A)Receptors
B)Enzymes
C)Carriers
D)Cell-identity markers
E)Cell-adhesion molecules

Question 35

Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM) can magnify much more than a light microscope, even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of

A)being able to produce photographs of the specimen.
B)being able to work in a vacuum.
C)being able to show individual molecules.
D)producing higher resolution.
E)working better with thinner tissue specimens.

Question 36

Transmembrane proteins that make up enzymes in the plasma membrane are made up of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.Most amino acids embedded in the membrane are , while most amino acids facing the extracellular fluid are .

A)hydrophilic; hydrophilic
B)hydrophilic; hydrophobic
C)hydrophobic; hydrophobic
D)hydrophobic; hydrophilic
E)lipophilic; lipophobic

Question 37

consume ATP when transferring solutes from one side to the other side of the plasma membrane.

A)Receptors
B)Pumps
C)Cell-adhesion molecules
D)Channels
E)Cell-identity markers

Question 38

In its second-messenger role, cAMP activates enzymes called , whose job is to regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them.

A)transmembrane proteins
B)peripheral proteins
C)kinases
D)glycocalyx
E)blockers

Question 39

Gates respond to all these stimuli except

A)chemical messengers.
B)ligands.
C)changes in electrical potential (voltage) across the plasma membrane.
D)physical deformation of the plasma membrane.
E)water in the extracellular fluid.

Question 40

provide motility to a cell, act as sensory "antenna" in many cells, and increase a cell's surface area.

A)Cilia; microvilli; flagella
B)Microvilli; cilia; flagella
C)Microvilli; flagella; cilia
D)Flagella; microvilli; cilia
E)Flagella; cilia; microvilli

Question 41

describes the number of particles of a solute in a solution, whereas is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell.

A)Tonicity; osmolarity
B)Osmolarity; diffusion
C)Osmolarity; tonicity
D)Osmolarity; molarity
E)Tonicity; diffusion

Question 42

gives structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through the cell.

A)Cholesterol
B)The nucleus
C)The plasma membrane
D)The Golgi complex
E)The cytoskeleton

Question 43

Which of these bring nonspecific material into a cell?

A)phagocytosis
B)receptor-mediated endocytosis
C)transcytosis
D)pinocytosis
E)exocytosis

Question 44

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of

A)phagocytosis.
B)cotransport.
C)pinocytosis.
D)active transport.
E)receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 45

The Na+-K+ pump has the following functions except

A)heat production.
B)transport of Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell.
C)secondary active transport.
D)regulation of cell volume.
E)maintenance of membrane potential.

Question 46

Muscle cells contain numerous to serve their high demand for ATP.

A)ribosomes
B)lysosomes
C)mitochondria
D)inclusions
E)Golgi vesicles

Question 47

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?

A)exocytosis
B)active transport
C)ciliary action
D)protein synthesis
E)osmosis

Question 48

Which of these is an example of active transport?

A)diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration
B)facilitated diffusion of K+
C)transport of glucose down its concentration gradient
D)transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration
E)transport of Cl- following its concentration gradient

Question 49

Among other functions, hepatocytes (liver cells) are specialized in detoxifying drugs or other chemicals.Hepatocytes have large amounts of

A)DNA.
B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C)microtubules.
D)cilia.
E)centrioles.

Question 50

decompose fatty acids, and detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and drugs.

A)Lysosomes
B)Microvilli
C)Inclusions
D)Peroxisomes
E)Golgi vesicles

Question 51

Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell?

A)facilitated diffusion
B)simple diffusion
C)filtration
D)osmosis
E)active transport

Question 52

play an important role in cell division, and they are made of .

A)Mitochondria; microtubules
B)Ribosomes; intermediate filaments
C)Nucleoli; microfilaments
D)Centrioles; microtubules
E)Inclusions; centrosomes

Question 53

This organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells.

A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)nucleus
D)mitochondrion
E)Golgi complex

Question 54

What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death?

A)rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)nucleus
C)centriole
D)lysosome
E)mitochondrion

Question 55

Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both

A)are processes involving transport of a solute up its concentration gradient.
B)are processes involving transport of a solute down its concentration gradient.
C)are processes involving the use of energy provided by ATP.
D)are processes ATP independent.
E)are cases of carrier-mediated transport.

Question 56

A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid.The patient was given intravenous fluids of normal saline.Normal saline is to your blood cells and is about NaCl.

A)isotonic; 9%
B)isotonic; 0.9%
C)hypertonic; 9%
D)hypotonic; 0.9%
E)hypotonic; 9%

Question 57

synthesize(s) carbohydrates and put(s) finishing touches on proteins synthesized at .

A)Smooth ER; rough ER
B)The Golgi complex; rough ER
C)Smooth ER; the Golgi complex
D)The Golgi complex; smooth ER
E)Ribosomes; smooth ER

Question 58

Particles can leave a cell by any of these means except by

A)active transport.
B)exocytosis.
C)simple diffusion.
D)an antiport system.
E)pinocytosis.

Question 59

is not involved in protein synthesis.

A)Smooth ER
B)Rough ER
C)The Golgi complex
D)The nucleus
E)Ribosomes

Question 60

These are all membranous organelles except

A)mitochondria.
B)ribosomes.
C)the nucleus.
D)endoplasmic reticulum.
E)the Golgi complex.

Question 61

This figure shows the structure of a representative cell.What does "B" represent?

A)Golgi complex
B)rough ER
C)smooth ER
D)mitochondrion
E)nucleolus

Question 62

This figure shows the structure of a representative cell.What does "D" represent?

A)mitochondrion
B)rough ER
C)smooth ER
D)Golgi complex
E)nucleolus

Question 63

This figure shows the structure of a representative cell.What does "C" represent?

A)Golgi complex
B)rough ER
C)smooth ER
D)mitochondrion
E)nucleolus

Question 64

This figure shows the structure of a representative cell.What does "A" represent?

A)smooth ER
B)rough ER
C)Golgi complex
D)mitochondrion
E)nucleolus