Question 1

With regard to the structure and function of the placenta,the maternity nurse should be aware that&#10;A) as the placenta widens, it gradually thins to allow easier passage of air and nutrients.&#10;B) as one of its early functions, the placenta acts as an endocrine gland.&#10;C) the placenta is able to keep out most potentially toxic substances, such as cigarette smoke, to which the mother is exposed.&#10;D) optimal blood circulation is achieved through the placenta when the woman is lying on her back or standing.

Accepted Answer

The placenta produces four hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy.The placenta widens until week 20 and continues to grow thicker.Toxic substances such as nicotine and carbon monoxide readily cross the placenta into the fetus.Optimal circulation occurs when the woman is lying on her side.

Question 2

When explaining twin conception,the nurse points out that dizygotic twins develop from&#10;A) a single fertilized ovum and are always of the same sex.&#10;B) a single fertilized ovum and may be the same sex or different sexes.&#10;C) two fertilized ova and are the same sex.&#10;D) two fertilized ova and may be the same sex or different sexes.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins are two different zygotes,each conceived from a single ovum and a single sperm.They may be both male,both female,or one male and one female.A single fertilized ovum that produces twins is called monozygotic.Monozygotic twins are always the same sex.Dizygotic twins are from two fertilized ova and may or may not be the same sex.

Question 3

During a pregnancy group meeting,the nurse teaches patients that the fetal period is best described as one of&#10;A) development of basic organ systems.&#10;B) resistance of organs to damage from external agents.&#10;C) maturation of organ systems.&#10;D) development of placental oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange.

Accepted Answer

During the fetal period,the body systems grow in size and mature in function to allow independent existence after birth.Basic organ systems are developed during the embryonic period.The orgAnswer are always at risk for damage from external sources; however,the older the fetus,the more resistant the orgAnswer will be.The greatest risk is when the orgAnswer are developing.The placental system is complete by week 12,but that is not the best description of the fetal period.

Question 4

A young patient comes in for her first prenatal examination.This is her first child.She asks &#34;How does my baby get air inside my uterus?&#34; The correct response is&#10;A) &#34;The baby's lungs work in the uterus to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;The baby absorbs oxygen from your blood system.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The placenta provides oxygen to the baby and excretes carbon dioxide into your bloodstream.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The placenta delivers oxygen-rich blood through the umbilical artery to the baby's abdomen.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The placenta functions by supplying oxygen and excreting carbon dioxide to the maternal bloodstream.The fetal lungs do not function for respiratory gas exchange in utero.The baby does not simply absorb oxygen from a woman's blood system.Blood and gas trAnswerport occurs through the placenta.The placenta delivers oxygen-rich blood through the umbilical vein,not artery.

Question 5

The placenta allows exchange of oxygen,nutrients,and waste products between the mother and fetus by&#10;A) contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi.&#10;B) interaction of maternal and fetal pH levels within the endometrial vessels.&#10;C) a mixture of maternal and fetal blood within the intervillous spaces.&#10;D) passive diffusion of maternal carbon dioxide and oxygen into the fetal capillaries.

Accepted Answer

Fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi are bathed with oxygen- and nutrient-rich maternal blood within the intervillous spaces.The endometrial vessels are part of the uterus.There is no interaction with the fetal blood at this point.Maternal and fetal blood do not normally mix.Maternal carbon dioxide does not enter into the fetal circulation.

Question 6

A nurse is teaching a prenatal class.The nurse teaches that during weeks 25 to 28,which fetal development occurs?&#10;A) Eyes reopen.&#10;B) Vernix caseosa covers the skin.&#10;C) Lanugo may develop.&#10;D) Brown fat is deposited.

Accepted Answer

During this time frame the eyes reopen,and the fetus becomes plumper with smoother skin.The other changes occur during weeks 17 to 20.

Question 7

The student nurse learns that some of the embryo's intestines remain within the umbilical cord during the embryonic period because the&#10;A) umbilical cord is much larger at this time than it will be at the end of pregnancy.&#10;B) intestines begin their development within the umbilical cord.&#10;C) nutrient content of the blood is higher in this location.&#10;D) abdomen is too small to contain all the organs while they are developing.

Accepted Answer

The abdominal contents grow more rapidly than the abdominal cavity,so part of their development takes place in the umbilical cord.By 10 weeks,the abdomen is large enough to contain them.The intestines remain within the umbilical cord only until approximately week 10.Intestines begin their development within the umbilical cord but only because the liver and kidneys occupy most of the abdominal cavity.All the intestines are within the abdominal cavity around week 10.

Question 8

A patient is sent from the physician's office for assessment of oligohydramnios.The nurse is aware that this condition can result in&#10;A) excessive fetal urine secretion.&#10;B) newborn respiratory distress.&#10;C) central nervous system abnormality.&#10;D) gastrointestinal blockage.

Accepted Answer

Because an abnormally small amount of amniotic fluid restricts normal lung development,the infant may have inadequate respiratory function after birth,when the placenta no longer performs respiratory function.Oligohydramnios may be caused by a decrease in urine secretion.Excessive amniotic fluid production may occur when the fetus has a central nervous system abnormality.Excessive amniotic fluid production may occur when the gastrointestinal tract prevents normal ingestion of amniotic fluid.

Question 9

A new mother is distresses over the &#34;white substance&#34; covering her infant because it &#34;looks ugly.&#34; What action by the nurse is most appropriate?&#10;A) Scrub the substance off of the baby.&#10;B) Reassure the mom that it will go away.&#10;C) Report the findings to the provider.&#10;D) Explain that the vernix caseosa protects fetal skin from amniotic fluid.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged exposure to amniotic fluid during the fetal period could result in breakdown of the skin without the protection of the vernix caseosa.This can be washed off gently,when the baby gets the first bath.Although it will not remain,this statement does not explain the purpose of the substance.This does not need to be reported.

Question 10

A woman is 16 weeks pregnant with her first baby.She asks how long it will be before she feels the baby move.The best answer is&#10;A) &#34;You should have felt the baby move by now.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Within the next month, you should start to feel fluttering sensations.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The baby is moving, but you can't feel it yet.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Some babies are quiet, and you don't feel them move.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Maternal perception of fetal movement usually begins 17 to 20 weeks after conception,particularly if this is the first pregnancy."The baby is moving,but you can't feel it yet" is a true statement.The fetus's movements are not strong enough to be felt until 17 to 20 weeks; however,this statement does not Answerwer the concern of the woman.If no movement is felt at the end of 20 weeks,further assessment is needed.

Question 11

Which statement is accurate about the development of fetal organs and systems?&#10;A) The cardiovascular system is the first organ system to function in the developing human.&#10;B) Hematopoiesis originating in the yolk sac begins in the liver at 10 weeks.&#10;C) The body changes from straight to C-shaped at 8 weeks.&#10;D) The gastrointestinal system is mature at 32 weeks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is accurate about the development...

Question 12

After implantation,tiny projections develop out of the trophoblast and extend into the endometrium.These projections are referred to as&#10;A) decidua basalis.&#10;B) decidua capsularis.&#10;C) decidua vera.&#10;D) chorionic villi.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After implantation,tiny projections develop out of the...

Question 13

While teaching an early pregnancy class,the nurse explains that the morula is a&#10;A) fertilized ovum before mitosis begins.&#10;B) flattened disk-shaped layer of cells within a fluid-filled sphere.&#10;C) double layer of cells that becomes the placenta.&#10;D) solid ball composed of the first cells formed after fertilization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While teaching an early pregnancy class,the nurse...

Question 14

The most basic information a maternity nurse should have concerning conception is&#10;A) ova are considered fertile 48 to 72 hours after ovulation.&#10;B) sperm remain viable in the woman's reproductive system for an average of 12 to 24 hours.&#10;C) conception is achieved when a sperm successfully penetrates the membrane surrounding the ovum.&#10;D) implantation in the endometrium occurs 6 to 10 days after conception.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most basic information a maternity nurse...

Question 15

One of the assessments performed in the delivery room is checking the umbilical cord for blood vessels.Which finding is considered within normal limits?&#10;A) Two arteries and one vein&#10;B) Two arteries and two veins&#10;C) Two veins and one artery&#10;D) One artery and one vein

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the assessments performed in the...

Question 16

A woman who is 16 weeks pregnant asks the nurse,&#34;Is it possible to tell by ultrasound if the baby is a boy or girl yet?&#34; The best answer is&#10;A) &#34;A baby's sex is determined as soon as conception occurs, and the differences are apparent.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;The baby has developed enough that we can determine the sex by examining the genitals through ultrasound.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Boys and girls look alike until approximately 20 weeks after conception, and then they begin to look different.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;It might be possible to determine your baby's sex, but the external organs look very similar right now.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A woman who is 16 weeks pregnant...

Question 17

The nursing faculty explains to students that the upper uterus is the best place for the fertilized ovum to implant because it is here that the&#10;A) placenta attaches most firmly.&#10;B) developing baby is best nourished.&#10;C) uterine endometrium is softer.&#10;D) maternal blood flow is lower.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nursing faculty explains to students that...

Question 18

Which statement related to oogenesis is correct?&#10;A) Two million primary oocytes will mature.&#10;B) At birth, all ova are contained in the female's ovaries.&#10;C) The oocytes complete their division during fetal life.&#10;D) Monthly, at least two oocytes mature.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement related to oogenesis is correct?&#10;A)...

Question 19

The purpose of the ovum's zona pellucida is to&#10;A) make a pathway for more than one sperm to reach the ovum.&#10;B) allow the 46 chromosomes from each gamete to merge.&#10;C) prevent multiple sperm from fertilizing the ovum.&#10;D) stimulate the ovum to begin mitotic cell division.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The purpose of the ovum's zona pellucida...

Question 20

Which part of the mature sperm contains the male chromosomes?&#10;A) The head of the sperm&#10;B) The middle portion of the sperm&#10;C) X-bearing sperm&#10;D) The tail of the sperm

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which part of the mature sperm contains...

Question 21

What does the student learn about recent trends in multiple births?&#10;A) The rate of twin births has declined.&#10;B) The rate of higher order pregnancies has increased.&#10;C) Higher order pregnancies are now very rare.&#10;D) Twinning is the most common form of multiple pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the student learn about recent...

Question 22

The nursing faculty teaches that the placenta produces many hormones necessary for normal pregnancy.These include (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).&#10;B) insulin.&#10;C) estrogen.&#10;D) progesterone.&#10;E) testosterone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nursing faculty teaches that the placenta...

Question 23

The student learns about shunts that support fetal circulation.Which of the following are included in this support system? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Ductus venosus&#10;B) Foramen ovale&#10;C) Ductus arteriosus&#10;D) Foramen magnum&#10;E) Ductus deferens

Accepted Answer

The answer of The student learns about shunts that support...

Question 24

The nurse assesses pregnant women for exposure to human teratogens,including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Infections&#10;B) Radiation&#10;C) Maternal conditions&#10;D) Drugs&#10;E) Chemicals

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse assesses pregnant women for exposure...

Question 25

The nursing faculty explains that the fetus can survive in a low-oxygen environment due to which of the following? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Fetal hemoglobin carries more oxygen than an adult's.&#10;B) The fetus has higher average hemoglobin and hematocrit.&#10;C) Hemoglobin carries more oxygen at low partial pressures of carbon dioxide.&#10;D) Fetal blood is more acidic than the maternal blood.&#10;E) The fetus does not need gas exchange while in utero.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nursing faculty explains that the fetus...

Deck 12: Conception and Prenatal Development