Question 1

The _______ the match between expected correlations and actual correlations between test scores and behavior measures, the ______ the evidence of construct
Validity.

A) weaker; stronger
B) stronger; weaker
C) stronger; stronger
D) stronger; lower

C

Accepted Answer

The closer the match between expected correlations and actual correlations between test scores and behavior measures, the stronger the evidence of construct validity. This indicates that the test is accurately measuring the theoretical construct it claims to measure.

Question 2

What is &#34;validated&#34; in a validity study?&#10;A) the test&#10;B) test scores&#10;C) the inferences reached on the basis of test scores&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

In a validity study, "validated" refers to the inferences reached on the basis of test scores. The study aims to establish the degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure, and the validity coefficients reveal how well the scores from the test can predict scores on other measures of the construct being measured. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 3

A test that does not appear to provide a representative sample of the major parts of a content domain will probably be judged as having&#10;A) high content validity&#10;B) low content validity&#10;C) both reliability and content validity&#10;D) content structure

Accepted Answer

Content validity refers to the extent to which a test measures the major parts or content of a certain domain. If a test does not appear to provide a representative sample of the major parts of the content domain, it will be judged as having low content validity. Option A is incorrect because a test with low content validity cannot have high content validity. Option C is incorrect because reliability and content validity are two separate concepts. Option D is not a valid option.

Question 4

Validity established through examination of the test itself is ________ validity.&#10;A) predictive&#10;B) concurrent&#10;C) construct&#10;D) content

Accepted Answer

Content validity is established through a thorough examination of the test itself to ensure that it covers all relevant aspects of the construct being measured. This includes checking that the content of the test aligns with the content domain of the construct and that it includes an appropriate range of items that represent the construct adequately.

Question 5

A detailed description of the content domain is&#10;A) important because items need to be randomly classified&#10;B) important because items can be systematically classified&#10;C) not important because boundaries of most content domains are arbitrary&#10;D) not important in content validity techniques

Accepted Answer

A detailed description of the content domain is important because it allows items to be systematically classified according to their relevance to the domain. This is crucial for ensuring content validity, as it ensures that the assessment is measuring what it is intended to measure. While the boundaries of some content domains may be arbitrary, it is still important to clearly define them to ensure consistency and accuracy in measurement.

Question 6

By showing that the behaviors sampled by the test are a representative sample of the domain of behaviors you could have measured, you have demonstrated&#10;A) construct validity&#10;B) content validity&#10;C) concurrent validity&#10;D) both a and b

Accepted Answer

By demonstrating that the behaviors sampled by the test are representative of the domain of behaviors you could have measured, you have demonstrated content validity. This means that the test is measuring all of the relevant behaviors in a particular domain. Construct validity, on the other hand, would require demonstrating that the test is measuring the underlying construct it is designed to measure. Concurrent validity would require demonstrating that the test is correlated with an existing measure of the same construct.

Question 7

If multiple measures of the same construct yield high correlation coefficients, _________ is demonstrated.&#10;A) divergent validity&#10;B) convergent validity&#10;C) discriminant validity&#10;D) concurrent validity

Accepted Answer

Convergent validity is demonstrated when multiple measures of the same construct yield high correlation coefficients. This indicates that the measures are measuring the same underlying construct. Divergent validity is demonstrated when multiple measures of different constructs yield low correlation coefficients. Discriminant validity refers to the ability of a measure to distinguish between different constructs, while concurrent validity refers to the ability of a measure to correlate with a criterion measure at the same time.

Question 8

Something that cannot be directly observed, yet is useful in summarizing groups of related phenomena is called a(n)&#10;A) concept&#10;B) content domain&#10;C) construct&#10;D) idea

Accepted Answer

A construct is an abstract idea or concept that is used to explain observations and phenomena that cannot be directly observed. It is a useful tool for summarizing groups of related phenomena and provides a framework for understanding a particular area of research or field of study. A concept refers to an idea or notion that is used to represent something, while a content domain is a specific area or topic within a larger field. An idea simply refers to a thought or notion, without any specific framework for understanding related phenomena.

Question 9

Face validity&#10;A) cannot influence the usefulness of a test&#10;B) is typically examined in modern validity studies&#10;C) depends on subjective reactions of those who take the test&#10;D) depends heavily on objective data

Accepted Answer

Face validity refers to how well a test appears to measure what it claims to measure. It is based on the subjective reactions of those who take the test and does not necessarily indicate the test's true validity.

Question 10

The process of providing a detailed description of the relationship between specific behaviors and abstract constructs is referred to as&#10;A) construct validation&#10;B) construct expression&#10;C) abstract explication&#10;D) construct explication

Accepted Answer

Construct explication involves providing a detailed description of the relationship between specific behaviors and abstract constructs, helping to clarify what a construct represents and how it can be observed or measured in practical terms.

Question 11

Detailed descriptions of which domain the test developer wishes to measure must be provided to demonstrate&#10;A) reliability&#10;B) content validity&#10;C) both reliability and content validity&#10;D) content structure

Accepted Answer

The answer of Detailed descriptions of which domain the test...

Question 12

Most experts would agree that&#10;A) demonstrating content validity ensures reliability&#10;B) demonstrating content validity is sufficient to demonstrate criterion-related validity&#10;C) content validity determines the validity of decisions made based on test scores&#10;D) content validity is relevant in determining the validity of measurement

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most experts would agree that&#10;A) demonstrating content...

Question 13

Content validity can be assessed via&#10;A) judgments&#10;B) statistics&#10;C) both judgments and statistics&#10;D) arbitrary domain sampling

Accepted Answer

The answer of Content validity can be assessed via&#10;A) judgments&#10;B)...

Question 14

Content domains are&#10;A) narrow&#10;B) structured&#10;C) unbounded&#10;D) not defined

Accepted Answer

The answer of Content domains are&#10;A) narrow&#10;B) structured&#10;C) unbounded&#10;D) not...

Question 15

The most appropriate method(s) for construct validation is(are) the&#10;A) correlation coefficient&#10;B) laboratory experiment&#10;C) multitrait-multimethod approach&#10;D) all are appropriate methods

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most appropriate method(s) for construct validation...

Question 16

Constructs are&#10;A) abstract summaries of some regularity in nature&#10;B) related to unobservable events&#10;C) often concrete and tangible&#10;D) both a and b

Accepted Answer

The answer of Constructs are&#10;A) abstract summaries of some regularity...

Question 17

When measures of unrelated constructs do not correlate with each other, _________ is demonstrated.&#10;A) divergent validity&#10;B) convergent validity&#10;C) discriminant validity&#10;D) concurrent validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of When measures of unrelated constructs do not...

Question 18

The process of construct explication involves&#10;A) identifying behaviors related to the construct you wish to measure&#10;B) determining whether behaviors related to similar constructs as the one you wish to measure are related to the construct you are interested in&#10;C) identifying similar constructs and determining the relationship between these constructs and the construct you are interested in&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of construct explication involves&#10;A) identifying...

Question 19

The foundation for assessing content validity is&#10;A) construct mapping&#10;B) content mapping&#10;C) a description of the content domain&#10;D) a description of the construct domain

Accepted Answer

The answer of The foundation for assessing content validity is&#10;A)...

Question 20

Determining whether a test provides a valid measure of a specific attribute can best be done by using _________ validity approaches.&#10;A) concurrent&#10;B) predictive&#10;C) construct-oriented&#10;D) criterion-related

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determining whether a test provides a valid...

Question 21

Content validity and construct validity are&#10;A) mutually exclusive&#10;B) very different&#10;C) highly related&#10;D) both a and b

Accepted Answer

The answer of Content validity and construct validity are&#10;A) mutually...

Question 22

_________ is usually determined for abstract attributes.&#10;A) convergent validity&#10;B) content validity&#10;C) construct validity&#10;D) concurrent validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ is usually determined for abstract attributes.&#10;A)...

Question 23

If you know much about the boundaries of a domain, but little about the relationship of the domain to other behaviors, you could use a __________ technique.&#10;A) construct validation&#10;B) multitrait-multimethod approach&#10;C) concurrent validation&#10;D) content validation

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you know much about the boundaries...

Question 24

Correlations due solely to the use of common measurement techniques are called&#10;A) experimenter biases&#10;B) technique errors&#10;C) method errors&#10;D) method biases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Correlations due solely to the use of...

Deck 8: Validity of Measurement: Content and Construct-Oriented Validation Strategies