Deck 14: Hypothesis Testing Revisited and Interpreting Results

ملء الشاشة (f)
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سؤال
Which of the following is the alpha level accepted by most in psychological research as indicating significance?

A).05
B).06
C).10
D).15
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سؤال
Tamara has just finished collecting her data for her research methods final project.Her results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups.In this situation, Tamara should __________.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis.
B)reject the null hypothesis.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
سؤال
with a summary of research conducted by Dunn, Huntsinger, Lun, and Sinclair 2008).For this study, what would be the null hypothesis?

A)Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
B)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
C)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good gifts.
D)Men and women will be different in how they respond to bad gifts.
سؤال
with a summary of research conducted by Dunn, Huntsinger, Lun, and Sinclair 2008).For this study, what would be the research hypothesis?

A)Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
B)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
C)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good gifts.
D)Men and women will be different in how they respond to bad gifts.
سؤال
When do you reject the null hypothesis?

A)p < .05
B)p > .05
C)p = .05
D)p > .01
سؤال
When do you fail to reject the null hypothesis?

A)p < .05
B)p > .05
C)p = .05
D)p > .01
سؤال
A researcher hypothesizes that men will consume more caffeine than women.After the study has concludes, the researcher finds that there is no difference between men and women p >.05).What decision should the researcher make?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)fail to reject the null hypothesis
C)accept the null hypothesis
D)accept the research hypothesis
سؤال
You want to know whether typed or handwritten papers are graded differently by professors.You hope to show that there is a difference in the way typed and handwritten papers are evaluated.After the study has concluded, you find that there is a difference between the typed and handwritten papers in the grades received p < .05).What decision should you make?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)fail to reject the null hypothesis
C)accept the null hypothesis
D)accept the research hypothesis
سؤال
Which of the following is a correct decision?

A)reject the null hypothesis when it is false
B)reject the null hypothesis when it is true
C)fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
D)none of the above
سؤال
Tamara has just finished collecting her data for her research methods final project.Her results indicate that there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups.In this situation, Tamara should __________.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis.
B)reject the null hypothesis.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
سؤال
Of the following terms, which term fits least well?

A)level of significance
B)alpha level
C)assumption that the null is true
D)assumption that the null is false
سؤال
In psychological research, you reject the null hypothesis when __________.

A)the group means are equal.
B)the group means are close to equal.
C)the group means are different.
D)None of the above
سؤال
Alpha is __________.

A)the level of significance.
B)the probability of obtaining data assuming the null is true.
C)the probability of obtaining data assuming the null is false.
D)Both A and B.
سؤال
In psychological research, you fail to reject the null hypothesis when __________.

A)The group means are equal.
B)The group means are not different.
C)The group means are different.
D)Both A and B
سؤال
There are _____ possible outcomes to a study.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)unknown
سؤال
Tom is an undergraduate psychology major.He is conducting his first experiment and wants to know when he should determine the alpha level.What would you recommend to Tom?

A)Tom, the alpha level should be determined by your teacher.
B)Tom, the alpha level should be set prior to the experiment.
C)Tom, the alpha level should be set after you have collected data and examined the means.
D)Tom, the field of psychology determines the alpha level for all experiments.
سؤال
Which of the following statements below inaccurately describes alpha?

A)The lower the p-value, the less likely the obtained differences are due to chance.
B)The lower the p-value, the more likely the obtained differences are due to the IV.
C)The lower the p-value, the more likely the obtained differences are due to chance.
D)Both A and B.
سؤال
When conducting research, psychologists test the __________ hypothesis.

A)research
B)null
C)alternative
D)directional
سؤال
Kathryn has completed a study and rejected the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis was in fact true.Kathryn has made a __________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
سؤال
Which of the following is a correct decision?

A)Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
B)reject the null hypothesis when it is true
C)fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
D)none of the above
سؤال
A __________ distribution is one in which the most frequently occurring scores are not in the middle.

A)normal
B)skewed
C)research
D)central
سؤال
Kathryn has completed a study and rejected the null hypothesis when it was false.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
سؤال
Jessica's exam scores for General Psychology were as follows: 95, 85, 70, and 90.Calculate the median for these scores.

A)85
B)87.5
C)90
D)97.5
سؤال
You asked students in your class to indicate how much of a morning person they are on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 indicating "not at all" and 10 indicating "very much." Your responses were: 8, 8, 6, 4, 5, 2, 2, 8, and 7.Calculate the mode for these scores.

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)8
سؤال
The __________ is the average of the scores in a data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance
سؤال
There are ____ branches to statistics frequently used by psychologists.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
سؤال
The purpose of _________ statistics is to allow you to draw conclusions about the population of interest from a sample.

A)inferential
B)descriptive
C)explanatory
D)none of the above
سؤال
The purpose of _________ statistics is to describe the data.inferential
B)descriptive
C)explanatory
D)none of the above
سؤال
Which of the following statements is false?

A)Replication plays a limited role in the field.
B)The original researcher can conduct a replication.
C)A different researcher can conduct a replication.
D)Replications utilize the same methodology as the original study.
سؤال
A __________ distribution is one in which most scores cluster in the center and few, but equal numbers, are on the extremes.

A)normal
B)skewed
C)research
D)central
سؤال
Which of the following statements about distributions is false?

A)In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all measures that equally describe the data set.
B)In a skewed distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all measures that equally describe the data set.
C)In a skewed distribution, not all of the measures of central tendency accurately describe the data set.
D)In a skewed distribution, it can be beneficial to use the median instead of the mean.
سؤال
Kathryn has completed a study and failed to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis was false.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
سؤال
Kathryn has completed a study and failed to reject the null when the null hypothesis was true.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
سؤال
Jessica's exam scores for General Psychology were as follows: 95, 85, 70, and 90.Calculate the mean for these scores.

A)85
B)87.5
C)90
D)97.5
سؤال
Which of the following statements is false?

A)In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are the same.
B)In a normal distribution, most scores cluster around the center.
C)In a normal distribution, there are an equal number of low and high scores.
D)In a normal distribution, the scores are asymmetrical.
سؤال
The __________ is the most frequently occurring number in the data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance
سؤال
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)all of the above
سؤال
__________ are easily influenced by extreme scores.

A)Means
B)Medians
C)Modes
D)Variances
سؤال
Which of the following is an example of a t-test frequently used by psychologists?

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)all of the above
سؤال
The __________ is the number in the middle of the data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance
سؤال
The __________ t-test is used to determine if the mean differences between pairs is significantly different from zero.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)dependent
D)congruent
سؤال
When you have one independent variable with 3 or more levels, you would use a n) ______ to analyze the results.

A)one sample t-test
B)one-way ANOVA
C)three-way ANOVA
D)can't be determined
سؤال
Which of the following is a type of inferential statistic?

A)one-sample t-test
B)ANOVA
C)dependent t-test
D)all of the above
سؤال
The lower the obtained p-value, the more likely the obtained differences in the results are due to the manipulation of the study.
سؤال
The lower the obtained p-value, the less likely the obtained differences in the results are due to the manipulation of the study.
سؤال
A researcher rejects the null hypothesis when there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
سؤال
The __________ t-test is used to determine when a mean is significantly different from a constant.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)dependent
سؤال
There are 4 possible outcomes to any study.
سؤال
The __________ t-test is used to determine whether or not two means are significantly different from one another.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)dependent
سؤال
When you have three independent variables each with 2 or more levels, you would use a n) _______ to analyze the results.

A)one sample t-test
B)one-way ANOVA
C)three-way ANOVA
D)can't be determined
سؤال
The lower the obtained p-value, the more likely the obtained differences in the results are due to chance.
سؤال
If a researcher uses an ANOVA, which of the following pieces of information should you look for in the results?

A)missing data
B)outliers
C)shape of distribution
D)all of the above
سؤال
Which of the following statements is true?

A)Practical significance is more important than statistical significance.
B)Statistical significance is more important than practical significance.
C)Both practical and statistical significance are of equal importance.
D)None of the above
سؤال
A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
سؤال
Which of the following is not a type of inferential statistic?

A)variance
B)one sample t-test
C)ANOVA
D)independent t-test
سؤال
A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
سؤال
A researcher rejects the null hypothesis when there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
سؤال
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is a correct decision.
سؤال
A Bonferroni Correction is used to limit the possibility of making a __________.

A)Type I error.
B)Type II error.
C)Correct decision.
D)None of the above.
سؤال
The lower the obtained p-value, the less likely the obtained differences in the results are due to chance.
سؤال
The mean is the number in the middle of a data set.
سؤال
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is
سؤال
Normal distributions are symmetrical.
سؤال
Replication employs a similar, but different, methodology than the original study.
سؤال
A Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is false.
سؤال
Descriptive statistics allow you to draw inferences about populations using samples.
سؤال
One of the best ways to ensure the accuracy of the results of a study is through replication.
سؤال
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is
سؤال
Inferential statistics are conducted with data sets with skewed distributions.
سؤال
Psychologists frequently use three branches of statistics.
سؤال
The mode is the most frequently occurring number in a data set.
سؤال
Mean, median, and mode are examples of descriptive statistics.
سؤال
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is a decision error.
سؤال
A Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is true.
سؤال
Descriptive statistics describe data sets.
سؤال
It is possible to have more than one mode.
سؤال
A Type I error occurs when a research rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false.
سؤال
Skewed distributions are symmetrical.
سؤال
T-tests and ANOVAs are examples of descriptive statistics.
سؤال
A Type I error occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 14: Hypothesis Testing Revisited and Interpreting Results
1
Which of the following is the alpha level accepted by most in psychological research as indicating significance?

A).05
B).06
C).10
D).15
A
2
Tamara has just finished collecting her data for her research methods final project.Her results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups.In this situation, Tamara should __________.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis.
B)reject the null hypothesis.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
B
3
with a summary of research conducted by Dunn, Huntsinger, Lun, and Sinclair 2008).For this study, what would be the null hypothesis?

A)Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
B)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
C)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good gifts.
D)Men and women will be different in how they respond to bad gifts.
Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
4
with a summary of research conducted by Dunn, Huntsinger, Lun, and Sinclair 2008).For this study, what would be the research hypothesis?

A)Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
B)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
C)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good gifts.
D)Men and women will be different in how they respond to bad gifts.
فتح الحزمة
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5
When do you reject the null hypothesis?

A)p < .05
B)p > .05
C)p = .05
D)p > .01
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6
When do you fail to reject the null hypothesis?

A)p < .05
B)p > .05
C)p = .05
D)p > .01
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7
A researcher hypothesizes that men will consume more caffeine than women.After the study has concludes, the researcher finds that there is no difference between men and women p >.05).What decision should the researcher make?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)fail to reject the null hypothesis
C)accept the null hypothesis
D)accept the research hypothesis
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 84 في هذه المجموعة.
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8
You want to know whether typed or handwritten papers are graded differently by professors.You hope to show that there is a difference in the way typed and handwritten papers are evaluated.After the study has concluded, you find that there is a difference between the typed and handwritten papers in the grades received p < .05).What decision should you make?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)fail to reject the null hypothesis
C)accept the null hypothesis
D)accept the research hypothesis
فتح الحزمة
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9
Which of the following is a correct decision?

A)reject the null hypothesis when it is false
B)reject the null hypothesis when it is true
C)fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
D)none of the above
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10
Tamara has just finished collecting her data for her research methods final project.Her results indicate that there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups.In this situation, Tamara should __________.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis.
B)reject the null hypothesis.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
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11
Of the following terms, which term fits least well?

A)level of significance
B)alpha level
C)assumption that the null is true
D)assumption that the null is false
فتح الحزمة
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12
In psychological research, you reject the null hypothesis when __________.

A)the group means are equal.
B)the group means are close to equal.
C)the group means are different.
D)None of the above
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13
Alpha is __________.

A)the level of significance.
B)the probability of obtaining data assuming the null is true.
C)the probability of obtaining data assuming the null is false.
D)Both A and B.
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14
In psychological research, you fail to reject the null hypothesis when __________.

A)The group means are equal.
B)The group means are not different.
C)The group means are different.
D)Both A and B
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15
There are _____ possible outcomes to a study.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)unknown
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16
Tom is an undergraduate psychology major.He is conducting his first experiment and wants to know when he should determine the alpha level.What would you recommend to Tom?

A)Tom, the alpha level should be determined by your teacher.
B)Tom, the alpha level should be set prior to the experiment.
C)Tom, the alpha level should be set after you have collected data and examined the means.
D)Tom, the field of psychology determines the alpha level for all experiments.
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17
Which of the following statements below inaccurately describes alpha?

A)The lower the p-value, the less likely the obtained differences are due to chance.
B)The lower the p-value, the more likely the obtained differences are due to the IV.
C)The lower the p-value, the more likely the obtained differences are due to chance.
D)Both A and B.
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18
When conducting research, psychologists test the __________ hypothesis.

A)research
B)null
C)alternative
D)directional
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19
Kathryn has completed a study and rejected the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis was in fact true.Kathryn has made a __________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
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20
Which of the following is a correct decision?

A)Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
B)reject the null hypothesis when it is true
C)fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
D)none of the above
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21
A __________ distribution is one in which the most frequently occurring scores are not in the middle.

A)normal
B)skewed
C)research
D)central
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22
Kathryn has completed a study and rejected the null hypothesis when it was false.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
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23
Jessica's exam scores for General Psychology were as follows: 95, 85, 70, and 90.Calculate the median for these scores.

A)85
B)87.5
C)90
D)97.5
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24
You asked students in your class to indicate how much of a morning person they are on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 indicating "not at all" and 10 indicating "very much." Your responses were: 8, 8, 6, 4, 5, 2, 2, 8, and 7.Calculate the mode for these scores.

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)8
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25
The __________ is the average of the scores in a data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance
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26
There are ____ branches to statistics frequently used by psychologists.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
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27
The purpose of _________ statistics is to allow you to draw conclusions about the population of interest from a sample.

A)inferential
B)descriptive
C)explanatory
D)none of the above
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28
The purpose of _________ statistics is to describe the data.inferential
B)descriptive
C)explanatory
D)none of the above
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29
Which of the following statements is false?

A)Replication plays a limited role in the field.
B)The original researcher can conduct a replication.
C)A different researcher can conduct a replication.
D)Replications utilize the same methodology as the original study.
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30
A __________ distribution is one in which most scores cluster in the center and few, but equal numbers, are on the extremes.

A)normal
B)skewed
C)research
D)central
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31
Which of the following statements about distributions is false?

A)In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all measures that equally describe the data set.
B)In a skewed distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all measures that equally describe the data set.
C)In a skewed distribution, not all of the measures of central tendency accurately describe the data set.
D)In a skewed distribution, it can be beneficial to use the median instead of the mean.
فتح الحزمة
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32
Kathryn has completed a study and failed to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis was false.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
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33
Kathryn has completed a study and failed to reject the null when the null hypothesis was true.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.
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34
Jessica's exam scores for General Psychology were as follows: 95, 85, 70, and 90.Calculate the mean for these scores.

A)85
B)87.5
C)90
D)97.5
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35
Which of the following statements is false?

A)In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are the same.
B)In a normal distribution, most scores cluster around the center.
C)In a normal distribution, there are an equal number of low and high scores.
D)In a normal distribution, the scores are asymmetrical.
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36
The __________ is the most frequently occurring number in the data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance
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37
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)all of the above
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38
__________ are easily influenced by extreme scores.

A)Means
B)Medians
C)Modes
D)Variances
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39
Which of the following is an example of a t-test frequently used by psychologists?

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)all of the above
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40
The __________ is the number in the middle of the data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance
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41
The __________ t-test is used to determine if the mean differences between pairs is significantly different from zero.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)dependent
D)congruent
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42
When you have one independent variable with 3 or more levels, you would use a n) ______ to analyze the results.

A)one sample t-test
B)one-way ANOVA
C)three-way ANOVA
D)can't be determined
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43
Which of the following is a type of inferential statistic?

A)one-sample t-test
B)ANOVA
C)dependent t-test
D)all of the above
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44
The lower the obtained p-value, the more likely the obtained differences in the results are due to the manipulation of the study.
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45
The lower the obtained p-value, the less likely the obtained differences in the results are due to the manipulation of the study.
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46
A researcher rejects the null hypothesis when there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
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47
The __________ t-test is used to determine when a mean is significantly different from a constant.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)dependent
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48
There are 4 possible outcomes to any study.
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49
The __________ t-test is used to determine whether or not two means are significantly different from one another.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)dependent
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50
When you have three independent variables each with 2 or more levels, you would use a n) _______ to analyze the results.

A)one sample t-test
B)one-way ANOVA
C)three-way ANOVA
D)can't be determined
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51
The lower the obtained p-value, the more likely the obtained differences in the results are due to chance.
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52
If a researcher uses an ANOVA, which of the following pieces of information should you look for in the results?

A)missing data
B)outliers
C)shape of distribution
D)all of the above
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53
Which of the following statements is true?

A)Practical significance is more important than statistical significance.
B)Statistical significance is more important than practical significance.
C)Both practical and statistical significance are of equal importance.
D)None of the above
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54
A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
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55
Which of the following is not a type of inferential statistic?

A)variance
B)one sample t-test
C)ANOVA
D)independent t-test
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56
A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
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57
A researcher rejects the null hypothesis when there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.
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58
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is a correct decision.
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59
A Bonferroni Correction is used to limit the possibility of making a __________.

A)Type I error.
B)Type II error.
C)Correct decision.
D)None of the above.
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60
The lower the obtained p-value, the less likely the obtained differences in the results are due to chance.
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61
The mean is the number in the middle of a data set.
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62
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is
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63
Normal distributions are symmetrical.
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64
Replication employs a similar, but different, methodology than the original study.
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65
A Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is false.
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66
Descriptive statistics allow you to draw inferences about populations using samples.
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67
One of the best ways to ensure the accuracy of the results of a study is through replication.
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68
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is
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69
Inferential statistics are conducted with data sets with skewed distributions.
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70
Psychologists frequently use three branches of statistics.
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71
The mode is the most frequently occurring number in a data set.
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72
Mean, median, and mode are examples of descriptive statistics.
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73
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is a decision error.
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74
A Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is true.
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75
Descriptive statistics describe data sets.
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76
It is possible to have more than one mode.
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77
A Type I error occurs when a research rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false.
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78
Skewed distributions are symmetrical.
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79
T-tests and ANOVAs are examples of descriptive statistics.
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80
A Type I error occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
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