Deck 8: Selection and Assignment of Participants

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the types of probability sampling procedures?

A)cluster
B)simple
C)convenient
D)stratified

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Random sampling in which every k^th person is selected for participation in a study is called sampling.

A)simple
B)systematic
C)stratified
D)snowball

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the types of probability sampling procedures?

A)simple
B)snowballing
C)systematic
D)stratified

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In a sampling procedure, each individual in a population has a known probability or chance) of being selected for a study.

A)nonprobability
B)quota
C)probability
D)population

Question 5

Samantha is conducting a survey to evaluate the eating habits of customers at fast food restaurants.She select the first 50 customers during the day as her participants.Samantha is using an) sample.

A)cluster
B)probability
C)biased
D)simple

Question 6

While selecting participants for her study, Jamie draws names from a hat to place participants in groups.Once the participant's name has been selected, she does not put it back in the hat.Jamie is using .

A)sampling with replacement.
B)sampling with duplication.
C)sampling without replacement.
D)sampling without duplication.

Question 7

An) is a group of people representative of the population who are selected to participate in the research.

A)participant pool
B)experimental group
C)data group
D)sample

Question 8

Since it is not always possible to study an entire population of individuals, researchers will typically use an) .

A)participant pool.
B)experimental group.
C)data group.
D)sample.

Question 9

In a probability sampling procedure, all individuals in a population have an equal probability of being selected.

A)cluster
B)convenient
C)simple
D)stratified

Question 10

By using , each selection in a study has exactly the same probability of being selected for participation.

A)sampling without duplication
B)sampling with replacement
C)sampling without replacement
D)sampling with duplication

Question 11

A sample in which not everyone in the population has an equal or known chance of being selected is called an) sample.

A)cluster
B)probability
C)biased
D)simple

Question 12

In a study, Chris selected individuals by drawing names from a hat.Chris chooses one at a time and with each individual selected, he replaces the individual's name back in the hat before selecting the next individual.Chris is using .

A)sampling with replacement.
B)sampling with duplication.
C)sampling without replacement.
D)sampling without duplication.

Question 13

Which of the following methods could be used in a simple probability sampling procedure?

A)pulling names of potential participants from a hat
B)placing people into groups as they enter an experiment
C)systematically separating the males from the females
D)identifying participants before the experiment starts

Question 14

In order to secure participants for his study, Jason uses class rosters from instructors.Jason selects every 5^th person on the instructor's class rosters for participation in his experiment.Jason is using sampling.

A)simple
B)snowballing
C)systematic
D)stratified

Question 15

The entire group of individuals in which you are interested in studying is called the .

A)sample.
B)population.
C)participant pool.
D)experimental group.

Question 16

Which of the following methods could be used in a simple probability sampling procedure?

A)placing people into groups as they enter an experiment
B)systematically separating the males from the females
C)using a random number table to put participants in groups
D)identifying participants before the experiment starts

Question 17

Which of the following is a type of probability sampling procedure?

A)quota
B)stratified
C)convenience
D)snowballing

Question 18

A researcher who places all potential participants for a study in a hat and randomly draws names for inclusion in their study is using a probability sampling procedure.

A)cluster
B)convenient
C)stratified
D)simple

Question 19

When using , the probability of being selected for participation changes with each selection of a participant.

A)sampling without duplication
B)sampling with replacement
C)sampling without replacement
D)sampling with duplication

Question 20

The two main sampling techniques that researchers use are sampling and sampling.

A)probability, population
B)population, quota
C)probability, nonprobability
D)quota, nonprobability

Question 21

Which of the following is a type of nonprobability sampling procedure?

A)simple
B)stratified
C)quota
D)cluster

Question 22

Hannah is conducting a study on campus parking for her psychology class.She begins her study by identifying naturally occurring groups of individuals who park on campus.These include those who park in the north, south, east, and west lots.She then sample participants from each of these groups.Hannah is using probability sampling.

A)simple
B)stratified
C)systematic
D)cluster

Question 23

By selecting a convenience sample that is comprised of subgroups similar in number to a population, you are using an) sampling procedure.

A)cluster
B)stratified
C)snowballing
D)quota

Question 24

Stefani has identified several subgroups of individuals from the population she is studying.Stefani plans on randomly sampling participants from each of these subgroups.Stefani is using probability sampling.

A)simple
B)snowball
C)stratified
D)systematic

Question 25

A nonprobability sampling procedure where a sample is acquired by a referral process among similar individuals is called an) sampling procedure.

A)snowballing
B)quota
C)cluster
D)convenience

Question 26

In your text, Jennifer used which type of nonprobability sampling procedure to secure participants for her study with married couples?

A)quota
B)convenience
C)cluster
D)snowballing

Question 27

According to the text is to nonprobability sampling as is to probability sampling.

A)quota, snowballing
B)convenience, simple
C)simple, stratified
D)cluster, snowballing

Question 28

Callie is working on a project for her psychology class.She is having trouble getting participants for her study.Therefore, she has begun to ask those who do participate for names of other individuals who might be willing to participate.What type of nonprobability sampling procedure is Callie using?

A)quota
B)convenience
C)cluster
D)snowballing

Question 29

When placing participants into conditions or groups for a study, researchers should use to ensure each participant has equal probability of being placed into each group.

A)external validity
B)systematic sampling
C)random sampling
D)random assignment

Question 30

A probability sampling technique in which a researcher identifies naturally occurring clusters of individuals from a population to select from is called probability sampling.

A)cluster
B)simple
C)systematic
D)stratified

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of systematic probability sampling?

A)pulling names of potential participants from a hat
B)using a random number generator to select participants
C)selecting every 10^th person to participate in a study who signs up
D)selecting participants from identified groups within a population before the study starts

Question 32

Linda is conducting a survey to evaluate the eating habits of customers at fast food restaurants.She knows that people eat at the restaurant for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.Therefore, she plans to randomly sample participants from each of these groups.This process is known as probability sampling.

A)simple
B)stratified
C)systematic
D)quota

Question 33

An) sampling procedure occurs when not all individuals within a population have an equal likelihood or known probability of being selected.

A)probability
B)simple
C)nonprobability
D)population

Question 34

Which of the following is not a type of nonprobability sampling procedure?

A)simple
B)convenience
C)quota
D)snowballing

Question 35

Studies conducted at most universities that use General Psychology students employ which nonprobability sampling procedure?

A)simple
B)convenience
C)quota
D)cluster

Question 36

A probability sampling technique in which a researcher begins by identifying subgroups and then randomly samples from each groups is called probability sampling.

A)stratified
B)cluster
C)simple
D)systematic

Question 37

A nonprobability sampling procedure where participants are selected based on their availability or willingness to participate is called an) sampling procedure.

A)simple
B)quota
C)cluster
D)convenience

Question 38

In order to combat any threats to internal validity during sampling procedures, researchers should use .

A)external validity.
B)systematic sampling.
C)random sampling.
D)random assignment.

Question 39

In John's study, he knows that each participant had an equal probability of being placed into each of his conditions.John must have used .

A)external validity.
B)random assignment.
C)systematic sampling.
D)random sampling.

Question 40

Betsy has begun work on a research project.She has decided to recruit participants from General Psychology classes.However, she plans to make sure that her sample matches the university population in terms of ethnicity i.e., 53% should be Caucasian, 25% should be African American, & 22% should be Hispanic American).Betsy is planning to use which nonprobability sampling procedure?

A)cluster
B)convenience
C)quota
D)snowballing

Question 41

After analyzing her data, Faith has found that her power level for her analyses is .80.Faith's power is considered to be .

A)low
B)adequate
C)very low
D)extremely high

Question 42

According to Cohen 1965) what should be the baseline level for power?

A).50
B).90
C).75
D).80

Question 43

Samples are the entire group of individuals in which you are interested in studying.

Question 44

Lindsey is analyzing her data.For her analysis, what level of power should she try to achieve?

A).50
B).80
C).90
D).75

Question 45

The two main types of sampling procedures are probability and nonprobability sampling.

Question 46

A sample is a smaller group of individuals that is representative of the larger population.

Question 47

The number of individuals that are selected to participate or that participate in a study is known as the .

A)population density.
B)sample number.
C)sample size.
D)population size.

Question 48

Kelly is getting ready to conduct her study.She is aiming to get 100 participants to take her survey.Kelly's goal of 100 participants represents her________ .

A)population.
B)sample population.
C)sample size.
D)effect size.

Question 49

The main three types of probability sampling procedures include: simple, cluster, and stratified.

Question 50

With simple probability sampling, all individuals in a population have an equal probability of being selected.

Question 51

Populations are the entire group of individuals in which you are interested in studying.

Question 52

The amount of overlap between populations being studied is called .

A)power.
B)sample size.
C)population density.
D)effect size.

Question 53

Probability sampling procedure occurs when individuals from the population have a known probability of being selected for a study.

Question 54

The four types of probability sampling procedures include : simple, stratified, systematic, and cluster.

Question 55

When two populations overlap greatly on a dependent variable, they are said to have an) effect size.

A)small
B)large
C)medium
D)average

Question 56

Aaron has just finished collecting data for his study.He has a total of 85 participants.The number of participants in his study is known as the .

A)population collective.
B)data sample.
C)population.
D)sample size.

Question 57

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is indeed false is known as .

A)sampling.
B)sample size.
C)effect size.
D)power.

Question 58

The four types of probability sampling procedures include: simple, stratified, cluster, and quota.

Question 59

When two population overlap minimally on a dependent variable, they are said to have an) effect size.

A)small
B)large
C)medium
D)average
True/False Questions

Question 60

An unbiased sample occurs when a sample is taken and not everyone in the population has an equal or known chance of being selected.

Question 61

The three main types of nonprobability sampling procedures include: convenience, cluster, and snowballing.

Question 62

With nonprobability sampling, a researcher is more likely to get a biased sample.

Question 63

In sampling with replacement, the probability of being selected changes with each draw.

Question 64

With nonprobability sampling, a researcher is less likely to get a biased sample.

Question 65

Stratified sampling is a probability sampling technique where a researcher begins by identifying subgroups and then randomly samples from each subgroup.

Question 66

Sampling procedures with replacement are preferred to sampling procedures without replacement.

Question 67

In a study, the number of individuals that participate is known as the sample size.

Question 68

Cluster sampling involves identifying naturally occurring clusters of individuals from the population and then selecting participants from each cluster.

Question 69

An example of systematic sampling includes selecting every k^th person in a list for a study.

Question 70

Quota sampling occurs when every k^th person is selected for a study.

Question 71

Random assignment is another name for random sampling.

Question 72

Nonprobability sampling procedures involve all individuals having a known probability of being selected for a study.

Question 73

Nonprobability sampling procedures include: quota, convenience, and snowballing.

Question 74

The sampling procedure where researchers use current participants referrals to gather more participants for a study is called snowballing.

Question 75

The most common type of sampling procedure used by psychologists at universities is simple sampling.

Question 76

Random sampling is a procedure in which a selected participant has an equal probability of being placed into each condition within a study.

Question 77

Random assignment can be used to minimize threats to internal validity.

Question 78

Sampling with replacement occurs when individuals are selected and are not replaced before the next is sampled.

Question 79

Stratified sampling is also known as cluster sampling.

Question 80

There is no known relationship between the sample size of a study and the ability of statistical tests to determine an effect.